past

noun. skin

A word for “skin” appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s under G. path “peel, skin, bark” with pl. padhin (GL/63), hence probably related to ᴱQ. parma “skin, bark; parchment; book” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√PARA [✱PAÐA] (QL/72).

pasta-

verb. to skin, peel, flay

dim

adjective. past, over, former

dimborn

noun. the past, past days, olden times

luin

adverb/adjective. gone, past; ago

masgar

noun. pasture

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “pasture” (GL/56), perhaps a combination of G. mast “feed” and G. gar “place”.

nesta-

verb. to put to grass, graze, pasture, feed

A verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “put to grass, graze, pasture, feed” (GL/60), clearly a derivative of the early root ᴱ√NESE “give to feed; feed, pasture; graze” (QL/66).

cwast

adjective. shaking

The noun G. cwast “shaking” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/28), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√QASA and cognate to ᴱQ. qasa- “shake, flap, nod, rustle” (QL/76).

Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain ᴺQ. quas- “shake” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would retain this word for Neo-Sindarin as well, but adapted as ᴺS. past “shaking” with the usual Sindarin sound change of ancient kw to p.

cwas-

verb. to shake, wag, nod, flap

The verb G. cwas- “wag, shake, flap (tr.)” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/28), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√QASA and cognate to ᴱQ. qasa- “shake, flap, nod, rustle” (QL/76). On another page in GL Tolkien had G. cwas- or cwath- glossed “shake, nod, wag. tr. & intr.”, and another verb G. cwathra- “shake (intr.)” (GL/28).

Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain ᴺQ. quas- “shake” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt the above verbs for purposes of Neo-Sindarin as well. Fiona Jallings suggested ᴺS. pasta- in a 2021-03-04 conversation on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) with the usual Sindarin sound change of ancient kw to p, and I’ve adopted this verb form for the meanings “to shake, wag, nod, flap” as an updated version of G. cwas-.

a

preposition. from

craitho-

verb. to spit

crectha-

verb. to spit

mim

noun. gum

o

preposition. from

padhra-

verb. to skin, peel, flay