A word appearing as piekta- or pietya- “prick, pin-prick” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, verb forms of ᴱQ. piek or piet “pin” (QL/73).
Early Quenya
piek
noun. pin
pirúk(end)ea
adjective. pirouetting, whirling lightly
piet
noun. pin
piekta-
verb. to prick, pin-prick
piri-
verb. to spin, turn
A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed {“twist, spin, turn” >>} “spin, turn” under the early root ᴱ√PIRI (QL/74).
pirin
noun. thin rod, pin
A word appearing as ᴱQ. pirin (pirind-) “thin rod, pin” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PIRI having to do with cylinders and spinning (QL/74).
Neo-Quenya: In 1959 Tolkien gave a new meaning to the root √PIR as “close eyes, blink, wink” (PE17/146), but I believe this was a transient idea; see that entry for details. As such, I use the Neo-Root ᴺ√PIR with its earlier meaning “cylinder” and would use this to salvage ᴺQ. pirin “thin rod, pin”.
piruke
noun. swirl, twisting, pirouetting
A word appearing as pirute or [piru]ke in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a swirl, twisting, pirouetting”, a noun form of the verb ᴱQ. piri- “spin, turn” (QL/74).
pist-
verb. to spit
pietya-
verb. to prick, pin-prick
pirute
noun. swirl, twisting, pirouetting
pio
noun. berry, plum, cherry
A word appearing as pseudo-root ᴱQ. PIO “plum, (berry), cherry” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, which Tolkien indicated was possibly connected to the early roots ᴱ√PIẆI or ᴱ√PINI (QL/74). Elsewhere in the document Tolkien said pio was a type of fruit “like cherries, plums, etc.” (QL/61). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, Tolkien instead had ᴱQ. pie “berry” (PE16/143).
Neo-Quenya: I’d retain ᴺQ. pio for purposes of Neo-Quenya for small fruits with seeds like plums, cherries and berries.
pi(o)pin
noun. haws, fruit of hawthorns
A word appearing as ᴱQ. piopin or pipin in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “the fruit of hawthorns, haws”, apparently a combination of ᴱQ. pio “berry” and ᴱ√PINI “✱small” (QL/74). Both piopin and pipin appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “haws” (PME/74).
Neo-Quenya: I’d retain ᴺQ. piopin for purposes of Neo-Quenya for the fruit of hawthorns, since there is evidence that ✱√PI(N) “little” survived in Tolkien’s later writing.
pingwa
adjective. fat, rich (of soil)
An adjective glossed “fat, rich (of soil)” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PIẆI (QL/74).
piu
noun. calf of leg
A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s for the “calf of leg”, derived from the early root ᴱ√PIẆI (QL/74).
piule
adjective. greasy, overfat; overfed, spoilt
An adjective in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “greasy, overfat; overfed, spoilt, etc.” derived from the early root ᴱ√PIẆI (QL/74).
piukka
noun. blackberry
A word appearing as ᴱQ. piukka “blackberry” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. pio “berry” (QL/61, 74). This word was also mentioned in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa and Gnomish Lexicon (PME/74; GL/64).
Neo-Quenya: I’d adapt this word as ᴺQ. piuca “blackberry” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, since a diphthong cannot precede a double-consonant in Quenya as Tolkien’s conceived it in his later writings.
pili-
verb. to steal
A verb appearing as ᴱQ. pili- “steal” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PILI “rob” (QL/74).
Neo-Quenya: I would retain ᴺQ. pil- “to steal, ✱rob” for purposes of Neo-Quenya as the best of the attested verbs meaning “steal”. For example, this verb was used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).
pilu
noun. thief, robber
A noun appearing as ᴱQ. pilu “thief, robber” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PILI “rob”, along with a longer variant pilmo (pilmu-) (QL/74).
Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. pil- “to steal, ✱rob” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would retain ᴺQ. pilu “thief, robber” as well. For example, this noun was used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT). A later noun of similar meaning is Q. arpo “seizer, thief”.
pimpilin
noun. hanging tail, tassel
A word appearing as ᴱQ. pimpilin (pimpilind-) “hanging tail, tassel” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. pint (pimp-) “tail” (QL/74). The meaning of the second element is unclear: its form resembles ᴱQ. lin(d-) “musical voice, tune” (QL/54) but that meaning doesn’t fit. The second element might instead be a variant of ᴱQ. lint (linty-) “fluff, down, soft stuff” (QL/54).
Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. pimpë for “tail”, I’d retain ᴺQ. pimpilin for “tassel, hanging tail” without being overly concerned about the meaning of its second element.
pinilya wilwarindon
small like a butterfly
The second phrase of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/220). The first word is the adjective pinilya “small”, followed by the adverbial form wilwarindon of wilwarin “butterfly”, hence: “like a butterfly”.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> pinilya wilwarin-don = “✱small butterfly-like”
Conceptual Development: The reference to a butterfly did not appear until the fourth draft of the poem (OM1d: PE16/62); earlier drafts used the unrelated phrase lutsilya lúne veasse “✱sailing on a blue sea” (OM1a-c: PE16/56-7, 60). In the first appearance of this phrase, Tolkien retained the adjective lutsilya “sailing” (active-participle of the verb lutu-) as a descriptor for the butterfly. He changed it to the adjective pinilya in the sixth draft (OM1f: PE16/74, 76).
pint
noun. tail
A noun appearing as ᴱQ. pint (pimp-) “tail” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PIPI “hang, trail” (QL/74).
Neo-Quenya: Helge Fauskanger adopted this word as ᴺQ. pimpë “tail” in his NQNT (NQNT), and I agree with this adaptation, since in later Quenya it was less likely final vowels were lost in disyllables. I would assume a stem form of pimpi- however.
pipte-
verb. to fall (of folds or clusters), hang, trail
A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “fall (of folds, clusters, etc.), hang, trail”, derived from the early root ᴱ√PIPI “hang, trail” (QL/74).
pirpiri-
verb. to twirl, twizzle
A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “twirl, twizzle”, an elaboration of ᴱQ. piri- “spin, turn” (QL/74).
pilinqasilla
noun. nodding plume
A word for a “nodding plume” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s, a combination of ᴱQ. pilin “feather” and ᴱQ. qasilla “tuft, nodding spray, tassel, plume” (QL/74, 76; PME/74). It perhaps described a type of plant, as an earlier iteration of Q. pilinehtar.
pilintele
noun. plumage
A word for “plumage” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. pilin “feather” (QL/74).
pimpevinne
noun. larch
pi(pi)nektar
noun. whitethorn, hawthorn
pin
noun. little thing, mite
pingwe
?. [unglossed]
pinqe
adjective. slender, thin
piute-
verb. to flourish, batten, grow fat
pihye
noun. sap, juice
pik-
verb. to blink
pilin
noun. feather; arrow
piliningwe súyer nalla qanta
*the airs are so full
pilkir
collective name. Pygmies
Name for pygmies in Tolkien’s “Creatures of the Earth” from the 1910s (PE14/10). Its etymology is unclear.
pilna
noun. arrow
pilt
noun. blow, cuff, box on ear
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a blow, cuff, box on ear” under the early root ᴱ√PḶT͡YḶ (QL/74).
pilty-
verb. to strike (esp. with flat hand)
A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “strike, esp. with flat hand” under the early root ᴱ√PḶT͡YḶ (QL/74).
pilwe
noun. robbery, theft
pinilya
adjective. small
pinqisil(da)
adjective. (slender and) tapering
piqis(se)
noun. grief
pirimbe
noun. ring, circle
pirindi qitimar
*knitting needles
pí
noun. speck, spot, dot, mote
piosenna
noun. holly
pie
noun. berry
pieksin
noun. brooch
pilmo
noun. thief, robber
pilukka
adjective. secret, stealthy
pimpina
adjective. trailing
pink
noun. little thing, mite
piqesta
noun. bitterness
pirindea
adjective. cylindrical
pirinumbe
noun. cylinder (hollow)
simpise
noun. piping, whistling
sipi-
verb. to pipe
hóre
noun. pine, stone pine
A word for “pine” or “stone pine” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s (QL/41; PME/41). Tolkien initially gave its root as ᴱ√HUHU, but he erased this (QL/41).
rakte
noun. pile, heap
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a pile, heap” as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√RAKA “pile up” (QL/78).
horinel
noun. pine-needle
A word appearing as ᴱQ. horinel “pine-needle” in the Qenya Lexicon, a combination of ᴱQ. hóre “pine” and some variant of ᴱQ. nelma “needle” (QL/41, 65). Its plural was horinelli, indicating a stem form of horinell-.
Neo-Quenya: I would update this word to ᴺQ. sononel (sononelm-) using my preferred word ᴺQ. sono [þ] for “pine”.
kumpo
noun. pile
mindl
noun. piece of flesh
A word for a “piece of flesh” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√MIMI (QL/61). It seems to be an example of the Early Quenya phonetic rule whereby [[eq|final nasal + [ḷ] became [ndḷ]]], so that -mḷ > -ndḷ (PE12/25).
soron
noun. pinnacle, high peak, crag
A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a high peak, a pinnacle or crag” given as a derivative of ᴱ√ŠORO [ÞORO] “eagle” (QL/86). It was glossed “pinnacle” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/86). In later writings, Q. soron was a word for “eagle” itself as opposed to a place where eagles roosted.
yere(n)
noun. pig iron
A word appearing as ᴱQ. ’yere or yeren “pig iron” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, under the early root ᴱ√DYEÐE (QL/105). ᴱQ. yĕrĕ(n) was also mentioned in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon in the entry for G. ger “ore, metal” (GL/38).
Neo-Quenya: In a 2024-08-17 post in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), Luinyelle suggested restoring ᴺQ. yeren with the added meaning “✱ore”, based on G. ger “ore, metal”. Presumably these words would be derived from a Neo-Root ᴺ√GYEREN.
simp(in)a
noun. pipe, flute, flageolet
aikasse
noun. pine-tree
aikor
noun. pine-tree
mitta
noun. piece, bit (of indeterminate size)
nolmo
noun. pit
rotse
noun. pipe, tube
taule
noun. pillar
ulird(e)a
adjective. pitiless, cruel, (lit.) without bowels
@@@ possibly based on unattested hir(d) “innards, bowels, guts”, cognate of ᴱN. girdh, as suggested by Damien Bador in private correspondance
simpetar
noun. piper
kumbe
noun. pile, heap; load, burden
kúme
noun. pile, heap; load, burden
lanqa
noun. piece of fortune, lot, luck, happen, hap
olirdea
adjective. pitiless, cruel, (lit.) without bowels
peltas
noun. pivot
sapsa
noun. pit, grave
sapta
noun. pit, grave
arak
noun. shingle, piles of stones
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “shingle, piles of stones”, from a vocalic augment added to the root ᴱ√RAKA “pile up” (QL/39).
rakta-
verb. to pile, hoard, amass, collect
A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as intransitive ᴱQ. rakta-² or sorakta- “pile, hoard, amass, collect” under the early root ᴱ√RAKA “pile up” (QL/78).
ter-
verb. *to pierce
The verb ᴱQ. ter- appeared untranslated in a list of Qenya Verb Forms from the 1910s (PE14/28). Patrick Wynne and Christopher Gilson suggested it might be based on the early root ᴱ√teře “pierce” from this same period (PE14/28 note #4; PME/91).
Conceptual Development: The root √TER “pierce” appeared several times in Tolkien’s later writings (Ety/TER; PE17/33), so I would use ᴺQ. ter- “to pierce” for purposes of Neo-Quenya. For example, Helge Fauskanger had the active participle ᴺQ. térala “piercing” for his NQNT (NQNT). I would use the active participle form terila myself, but I think the basic verb ter- is perfectly viable.
werelinda
adjective. twirling, pirouetting
A word appearing as ᴱQ. ’werelinda “twirling, pirouetting” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. werelin(d-) “whirligig” under the early root ᴱ√GWERE “whirl, twirl, twist” which Tolkien said was the equivalent of ᴱ√qiři (QL/103). A similar-meaning adjective ᴱQ. pirūkea or pirukenda “pirouetting” appeared in the same document under the early root ᴱ√PIRI (QL/74).
A variant of this second adjective reappeared in the Nieninqe poem written around 1930, in the phrase ᴱQ. norolinde pirukendea “tripping lightly, whirling lightly” (MC/215, PE16/90, 92). However, in the updated version of Nieninquë from 1955, Tolkien said the word Q. pirucendëa meant “on the point of her toes”, where the initial element was the dual of Q. pirë “toe” (PE16/96).
Neo-Quenya: The later version of the root ᴱ√GWERE had to do with weaving (see: √WIR), and the later versions of ᴱ√PIRI had to do with toes and blinking (see: √PIR), so I would update these early “pirouetting” words to be based on the root ᴺ√KWIR “spin” which I retain for purposes of Neo-Eldarin, so: ᴺQ. quirilda “twirling, pirouetting”.
irt
noun. peck, pinprick
kum-
verb. to pile up
A verb appearing as kumin “I pile up” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√KUMU “heap up” (QL/49).
súke
noun. resinous trees, pine or fir
A word appearing as ᴱQ. súke “resinous trees, pine or fir” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SUKU having to do with resins and gums (QL/86).
Neo-Quenya: I retain this early root as ᴺ√THUK “resin, gum”, so I would also retain ᴺQ. súcë [þ] as a general word for a “resinous tree, pine or fir”.
tarqa-
verb. to dry, preserve; to pickle
A verb appearing as ᴱQ. tarqa- “dry, preserve; pickle” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TṚQṚ (QL/94). The verb tarq- was also mentioned (without gloss) in a list of Quenya verb forms from this same period (PE14/28).
Neo-Quenya: I would retain ᴺQ. tarqua- “dry, preserve; pickle” for purposes of Neo-Quenya based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√TARKWA, as there are no better alternatives in Tolkien’s later writings.
tyasa-
verb. to test, try, pick, choose
A verb appearing as ᴱQ. tyasa- “test, try, pick, choose” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TYASA of similar meaning (QL/49).
Neo-Quenya: I think it is worth retaining ᴺQ. tyas- for purposes of Neo-Quenya based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√TYATH, so archaically pronounced tyaþ- (still reflected in tengwar spelling). I think tyas- means “test or try” something out to see if you like it, hence also “pick or choose” among options to see if something is good.
aiqaire
noun. fir, pine (tree)
retye-
verb. to spit
simpeta-
verb. *to pipe
kulurin
noun. orange; piece of gold
min
noun. bit, piece
pere-
verb. to go through, pass, pierce; to endure, undergo, experience; to penetrate, get to understand; to last
sorakta-
verb. to pile, hoard, amass, collect
súle
noun. column, pillar
talakúme
noun. huge burden, pile
tarq-
verb. *to dry, preserve; to pickle
tereva
adjective. sharp, piercing, shrill; acute (pain)
píwe
noun. fatness, richness, goodness
A noun in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “fatness, richness, goodness” derived from the early root ᴱ√PIẆI (QL/74).
polka
noun. pig
The word ᴱQ. polka “pig” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, under the early root ᴱ√POLO “have strength”, but Tolkien marked it with a “?” (QL/75). However, it appeared elsewhere as an element in ᴱQ. karkapolka “boar” = “✱tusk pig” (QL/48).
Neo-Quenya: I’d retain this word as ᴺQ. polca for purposes of Neo-Quenya, since √POL survived in Tolkien’s later writings.
soraksa
noun. shingle
píke assari silde
blinking on bones gleaming
The thirty third line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/214). The first word is the aorist form of the verb pik- “to blink” followed by an inflected form assari of as (ass-) “bone” modified by the plural form of the adjective silda “gleaming”. Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter suggested that assari might be an idiomatic use of the dative or perhaps a variant accusative (PE16/87), but I believe it might be a variant locative: the r-locative.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> pík-e assa-r-i sild-e = “✱blink-(aorist) bone-on-(plural) gleaming-(plural)”
tendl
noun. string
A word appearing in The Qenya Phonology of the 1910s whose plural tendilli was glossed “pieces of string” (PE12/25). Its root was given as ᴱ√TEME, which elsewhere was glossed “tie” (QL/91).
ulma
noun. flagon
A word appearing as ᴱQ. ulma “flagon” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from ᴱ✶ḷma (QL/97). Tolkien said it was not related to the early root ᴱ√ULU “pour” because Gnomish derivatives of that root showed gul- (indicating a true root form ✱ᴱ√GULU), whereas the Gnomish cognate of this word was G. ulm (GL/74).
Neo-Quenya: Tolkien soon changed his mind and decided the root for “pour” was in fact ᴱ√ULU. I would therefore retain ᴺQ. ulma for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but would assume it was derived from ✱ul-mā “a thing for pouring”. As such, I would assume its use also included pitchers with handles as well as flagons; this is how Helge Fauskanger used ulma in his NQNT (NQNT).
pyúva
adjective. fat
fine
noun. larch
kulu
noun. gold
pínea
adjective. small
píqa
adjective. bitter
píqele
noun. bitterness
sild(r)a
adjective. slender
súme
?. [unglossed]
tarasse
noun. hawthorn
tas
noun. nail
vasse
noun. wing
A word for “wing” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√VASA (QL/100). A similar word ’wasse appeared under the early root ᴱ√GWASA (QL/103). The word vasse “wing” also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/22) and again in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/137), but not thereafter.
qirme
noun. cream
ala
noun. wing
alle
?. [unglossed]
anaukante
?. [unglossed]
angwe
?. [unglossed]
anwe
?. [unglossed]
aukaine
?. [unglossed]
eant
?. [unglossed]
elben
noun. heart
elwen
noun. heart
A word appearing as ᴱQ. Elben “heart” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin of the 1910s (LT2/202; PE15/23), but as ᴱQ. Elwen “heart” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√LEFE (QL/35, 52). These words were connected to the character G. Elfrith who vanished from later versions of the legendarium.
ematte
?. [unglossed]
fingwe
?. [unglossed]
hingwe
?. [unglossed]
hon
noun. heart
honde
noun. heart
hondo
noun. heart
hyanta
?. [unglossed]
intya
?. [unglossed]
inya
adjective. tiny
ka
?. [unglossed]
keny-
verb. to prick
koli-
verb. to prick
laika
adjective. green
laiqa
adjective. green
laisifalle
noun. [unglossed]
larúva
adjective. greasy
A word appearing as ᴱQ. larúva “greasy”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. laru “fat, grease” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√LARA (QL/51). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien instead had ᴱQ. lisiva “greasy” as the adjectival form of ᴱQ. lise (lisy-) “grease” (PE16/141).
Neo-Quenya: The root ᴹ√LAR “fat, grease” from The Etymologies of the 1930s seems to indicate that lisy- was a transient idea, so I would retain ᴺQ. larúva “greasy” for purposes of Neo-Quenya. Note that Tolkien also had a different adjective Q. (h)lúvo “greasy, fat” in notes from the early 1950s (PE21/82), but I think the two can coexist.
las
noun. [unglossed]
lilyen
?. [unglossed]
linqarassea
adjective. [unglossed]
lisiva
adjective. greasy
lomba
adjective. secret
londa
noun. heart
lossiattea
?. [unglossed]
lungwe
?. [unglossed]
láwakéle
?. [unglossed]
maika
adjective. cruel
min-
verb. [unglossed]
minwa
adjective. small
mis
noun. urine
A noun appearing as ᴱQ. mis (mist-) “urine” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s from the early root ᴱ√MISI “mingere”, which is Latin for “urinate” (QL/62).
Neo-Quenya: I’d retain ᴺQ. mis (mist-) “urine” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, based on the later root ᴹ√MIS having to do with wet things. It conflicts somewhat with Q. mistë < √MIZDI “drizzle, light rain”, but I don’t see that as a problem, as the word for “urine” might have originated euphemistically as “make rain”.
naqa-
verb. to steal
A verb for “steal” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√NAQA of similar meaning (QL/64).
naqar
noun. thief
A noun for “thief” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an agental formation based on ᴱQ. naqa- “steal” (QL/64).
narte
adjective. bitter
nauto
noun. [unglossed]
nawa-
verb. [unglossed]
nehta
noun. hawthorn
nierme
?. [unglossed]
ningwe
?. [unglossed]
nyara
noun. tale
nyére
noun. grief
nyúken
?. [unglossed]
pea
noun. scorn
porokoi
?. [unglossed]
pulqe
noun. juice
pundo
noun. [unglossed]
póya
adjective. [unglossed]
qen
noun. Elf
qende
noun. Elf
qent
noun. word
qetta
noun. word
qinga
noun. bow
qisi-
verb. to whisper
ralle
?. [unglossed]
saile
noun. [unglossed]
saqa-
verb. [unglossed]
sat
noun. hole
sauke
?. [unglossed]
sinqita-
verb. [unglossed]
sivilda
?. [unglossed]
súlimarya
?. [unglossed]
takse
noun. nail
talarin
adjective. [unglossed]
tantilta-
verb. [unglossed]
tirípti
?. [unglossed]
titta
adjective. tiny
toron
?. [unglossed]
tultárie
adjective. [unglossed]
tunda
noun. hole
tyanta
?. [unglossed]
tyúte
noun. thumb
táne
adjective. [unglossed]
tánie
adjective. [unglossed]
ukárele
noun. [unglossed]
umpai
?. [unglossed]
upaitya-
verb. [unglossed]
usult
?. [unglossed]
valle
?. [unglossed]
vasa
noun. juice
vingwe
?. [unglossed]
vite
noun. sap, juice
wasse
noun. wing
yu
?. [unglossed]
A word for “pin” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants piek and piet as well as a stem form piekk- (QL/73).