Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Early Quenya

piek

noun. pin

A word for “pin” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants piek and piet as well as a stem form piekk- (QL/73).

Early Quenya [QL/073] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pirúk(end)ea

adjective. pirouetting, whirling lightly

Early Quenya [MC/215; PE16/090; PE16/092; QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

piet

noun. pin

piekta-

verb. to prick, pin-prick

A word appearing as piekta- or pietya- “prick, pin-prick” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, verb forms of ᴱQ. piek or piet “pin” (QL/73).

Early Quenya [QL/073] Group: Eldamo. Published by

piri-

verb. to spin, turn

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed {“twist, spin, turn” >>} “spin, turn” under the early root ᴱ√PIRI (QL/74).

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pirin

noun. thin rod, pin

A word appearing as ᴱQ. pirin (pirind-) “thin rod, pin” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PIRI having to do with cylinders and spinning (QL/74).

Neo-Quenya: In 1959 Tolkien gave a new meaning to the root √PIR as “close eyes, blink, wink” (PE17/146), but I believe this was a transient idea; see that entry for details. As such, I use the Neo-Root ᴺ√PIR with its earlier meaning “cylinder” and would use this to salvage ᴺQ. pirin “thin rod, pin”.

Early Quenya [QL/074; QL/078] Group: Eldamo. Published by

piruke

noun. swirl, twisting, pirouetting

A word appearing as pirute or [piru]ke in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a swirl, twisting, pirouetting”, a noun form of the verb ᴱQ. piri- “spin, turn” (QL/74).

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pist-

verb. to spit

Early Quenya [PE13/163; PE14/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pietya-

verb. to prick, pin-prick

pirute

noun. swirl, twisting, pirouetting

pio

noun. berry, plum, cherry

A word appearing as pseudo-root ᴱQ. PIO “plum, (berry), cherry” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, which Tolkien indicated was possibly connected to the early roots ᴱ√PIẆI or ᴱ√PINI (QL/74). Elsewhere in the document Tolkien said pio was a type of fruit “like cherries, plums, etc.” (QL/61). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, Tolkien instead had ᴱQ. pie “berry” (PE16/143).

Neo-Quenya: I’d retain ᴺQ. pio for purposes of Neo-Quenya for small fruits with seeds like plums, cherries and berries.

Early Quenya [LT2A/Silpion; PE16/143; QL/061; QL/074; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pi(o)pin

noun. haws, fruit of hawthorns

A word appearing as ᴱQ. piopin or pipin in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “the fruit of hawthorns, haws”, apparently a combination of ᴱQ. pio “berry” and ᴱ√PINI “✱small” (QL/74). Both piopin and pipin appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “haws” (PME/74).

Neo-Quenya: I’d retain ᴺQ. piopin for purposes of Neo-Quenya for the fruit of hawthorns, since there is evidence that ✱√PI(N) “little” survived in Tolkien’s later writing.

Early Quenya [PME/074; QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pingwa

adjective. fat, rich (of soil)

An adjective glossed “fat, rich (of soil)” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PIẆI (QL/74).

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

piu

noun. calf of leg

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s for the “calf of leg”, derived from the early root ᴱ√PIẆI (QL/74).

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

piule

adjective. greasy, overfat; overfed, spoilt

An adjective in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “greasy, overfat; overfed, spoilt, etc.” derived from the early root ᴱ√PIẆI (QL/74).

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

piukka

noun. blackberry

A word appearing as ᴱQ. piukka “blackberry” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. pio “berry” (QL/61, 74). This word was also mentioned in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa and Gnomish Lexicon (PME/74; GL/64).

Neo-Quenya: I’d adapt this word as ᴺQ. piuca “blackberry” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, since a diphthong cannot precede a double-consonant in Quenya as Tolkien’s conceived it in his later writings.

Early Quenya [GL/64; LT2A/Silpion; PME/074; QL/061; QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pili-

verb. to steal

A verb appearing as ᴱQ. pili- “steal” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PILI “rob” (QL/74).

Neo-Quenya: I would retain ᴺQ. pil- “to steal, ✱rob” for purposes of Neo-Quenya as the best of the attested verbs meaning “steal”. For example, this verb was used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pilu

noun. thief, robber

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. pilu “thief, robber” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PILI “rob”, along with a longer variant pilmo (pilmu-) (QL/74).

Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. pil- “to steal, ✱rob” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would retain ᴺQ. pilu “thief, robber” as well. For example, this noun was used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT). A later noun of similar meaning is Q. arpo “seizer, thief”.

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pimpilin

noun. hanging tail, tassel

A word appearing as ᴱQ. pimpilin (pimpilind-) “hanging tail, tassel” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. pint (pimp-) “tail” (QL/74). The meaning of the second element is unclear: its form resembles ᴱQ. lin(d-) “musical voice, tune” (QL/54) but that meaning doesn’t fit. The second element might instead be a variant of ᴱQ. lint (linty-) “fluff, down, soft stuff” (QL/54).

Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. pimpë for “tail”, I’d retain ᴺQ. pimpilin for “tassel, hanging tail” without being overly concerned about the meaning of its second element.

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pinilya wilwarindon

small like a butterfly

The second phrase of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/220). The first word is the adjective pinilya “small”, followed by the adverbial form wilwarindon of wilwarin “butterfly”, hence: “like a butterfly”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> pinilya wilwarin-don = “✱small butterfly-like”

Conceptual Development: The reference to a butterfly did not appear until the fourth draft of the poem (OM1d: PE16/62); earlier drafts used the unrelated phrase lutsilya lúne veasse “✱sailing on a blue sea” (OM1a-c: PE16/56-7, 60). In the first appearance of this phrase, Tolkien retained the adjective lutsilya “sailing” (active-participle of the verb lutu-) as a descriptor for the butterfly. He changed it to the adjective pinilya in the sixth draft (OM1f: PE16/74, 76).

Early Quenya [MC/220; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pint

noun. tail

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. pint (pimp-) “tail” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PIPI “hang, trail” (QL/74).

Neo-Quenya: Helge Fauskanger adopted this word as ᴺQ. pimpë “tail” in his NQNT (NQNT), and I agree with this adaptation, since in later Quenya it was less likely final vowels were lost in disyllables. I would assume a stem form of pimpi- however.

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pipte-

verb. to fall (of folds or clusters), hang, trail

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “fall (of folds, clusters, etc.), hang, trail”, derived from the early root ᴱ√PIPI “hang, trail” (QL/74).

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pirpiri-

verb. to twirl, twizzle

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “twirl, twizzle”, an elaboration of ᴱQ. piri- “spin, turn” (QL/74).

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pilinqasilla

noun. nodding plume

A word for a “nodding plume” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s, a combination of ᴱQ. pilin “feather” and ᴱQ. qasilla “tuft, nodding spray, tassel, plume” (QL/74, 76; PME/74). It perhaps described a type of plant, as an earlier iteration of Q. pilinehtar.

Early Quenya [PME/074; QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pilintele

noun. plumage

A word for “plumage” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. pilin “feather” (QL/74).

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pimpevinne

noun. larch

A word for “larch” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s, a combination of ᴱQ. pimp- “tail” and (perhaps) some variant of ᴱQ. fine “larch” (QL/74; PME/74).

Early Quenya [PME/074; QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pi(pi)nektar

noun. whitethorn, hawthorn

Early Quenya [PME/074; QL/035; QL/074; QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pin

noun. little thing, mite

Early Quenya [QL/073; QL/074; QL/094] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pinqe

adjective. slender, thin

Early Quenya [QL/073; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

piute-

verb. to flourish, batten, grow fat

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pihye

noun. sap, juice

Early Quenya [PE13/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pik-

verb. to blink

Early Quenya [MC/214] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pilin

noun. feather; arrow

Early Quenya [PE13/163; PE14/043; PE14/044; PE14/047; PE14/073; PE14/079; PE15/69; PE16/112; PE16/113; PE16/114; PE16/115; PME/074; QL/074; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

piliningwe súyer nalla qanta

*the airs are so full

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pilkir

collective name. Pygmies

Name for pygmies in Tolkien’s “Creatures of the Earth” from the 1910s (PE14/10). Its etymology is unclear.

Early Quenya [PE14/009] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pilna

noun. arrow

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pilt

noun. blow, cuff, box on ear

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a blow, cuff, box on ear” under the early root ᴱ√PḶT͡YḶ (QL/74).

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pilty-

verb. to strike (esp. with flat hand)

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “strike, esp. with flat hand” under the early root ᴱ√PḶT͡YḶ (QL/74).

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pilwe

noun. robbery, theft

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pinilya

adjective. small

Early Quenya [MC/220; PE16/076] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pinqisil(da)

adjective. (slender and) tapering

Early Quenya [QL/073; QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

piqis(se)

noun. grief

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pirimbe

noun. ring, circle

Early Quenya [PE13/152] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pirindi qitimar

*knitting needles

Early Quenya [QL/078] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. speck, spot, dot, mote

Early Quenya [QL/073] Group: Eldamo. Published by

piosenna

noun. holly

Early Quenya [LT2A/Silpion; PME/074; QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pie

noun. berry

pieksin

noun. brooch

Early Quenya [PME/073; QL/073] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pilmo

noun. thief, robber

pilukka

adjective. secret, stealthy

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pimpina

adjective. trailing

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pink

noun. little thing, mite

piqesta

noun. bitterness

pirindea

adjective. cylindrical

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pirinumbe

noun. cylinder (hollow)

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

simpise

noun. piping, whistling

Early Quenya [LT1A/Solosimpi; PME/084; QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sipi-

verb. to pipe

Early Quenya [QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hóre

noun. pine, stone pine

A word for “pine” or “stone pine” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s (QL/41; PME/41). Tolkien initially gave its root as ᴱ√HUHU, but he erased this (QL/41).

Early Quenya [PME/041; QL/041] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rakte

noun. pile, heap

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a pile, heap” as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√RAKA “pile up” (QL/78).

Early Quenya [QL/078; QL/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

horinel

noun. pine-needle

A word appearing as ᴱQ. horinel “pine-needle” in the Qenya Lexicon, a combination of ᴱQ. hóre “pine” and some variant of ᴱQ. nelma “needle” (QL/41, 65). Its plural was horinelli, indicating a stem form of horinell-.

Neo-Quenya: I would update this word to ᴺQ. sononel (sononelm-) using my preferred word ᴺQ. sono [þ] for “pine”.

Early Quenya [QL/041] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kumpo

noun. pile

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “pile” appearing as a derivative of the root ᴱ√KUMU “heap up”, but Tolkien considered transferring it to ᴱ√KUPU “hump” (QL/49).

Early Quenya [QL/049] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mindl

noun. piece of flesh

A word for a “piece of flesh” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√MIMI (QL/61). It seems to be an example of the Early Quenya phonetic rule whereby [[eq|final nasal + [ḷ] became [ndḷ]]], so that -mḷ > -ndḷ (PE12/25).

Early Quenya [QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

soron

noun. pinnacle, high peak, crag

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a high peak, a pinnacle or crag” given as a derivative of ᴱ√ŠORO [ÞORO] “eagle” (QL/86). It was glossed “pinnacle” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/86). In later writings, Q. soron was a word for “eagle” itself as opposed to a place where eagles roosted.

Early Quenya [PME/086; QL/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yere(n)

noun. pig iron

A word appearing as ᴱQ. ’yere or yeren “pig iron” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, under the early root ᴱ√DYEÐE (QL/105). ᴱQ. yĕrĕ(n) was also mentioned in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon in the entry for G. ger “ore, metal” (GL/38).

Neo-Quenya: In a 2024-08-17 post in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), Luinyelle suggested restoring ᴺQ. yeren with the added meaning “✱ore”, based on G. ger “ore, metal”. Presumably these words would be derived from a Neo-Root ᴺ√GYEREN.

Early Quenya [GL/38; QL/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

simp(in)a

noun. pipe, flute, flageolet

Early Quenya [LT1A/Solosimpi; PME/084; QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aikasse

noun. pine-tree

Early Quenya [GL/17] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aikor

noun. pine-tree

Early Quenya [PE13/158] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mitta

noun. piece, bit (of indeterminate size)

Early Quenya [PE14/048; PE14/081; PE15/70] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nolmo

noun. pit

Early Quenya [QL/065] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rotse

noun. pipe, tube

Early Quenya [LT2A/Rothwarin; PME/080; QL/080; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taule

noun. pillar

Early Quenya [PE13/104; QL/090] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ulird(e)a

adjective. pitiless, cruel, (lit.) without bowels

@@@ possibly based on unattested hir(d) “innards, bowels, guts”, cognate of ᴱN. girdh, as suggested by Damien Bador in private correspondance

Early Quenya [PE13/144; PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

simpetar

noun. piper

Early Quenya [LT1A/Solosimpi; PME/084; QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kumbe

noun. pile, heap; load, burden

kúme

noun. pile, heap; load, burden

Early Quenya [QL/049] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lanqa

noun. piece of fortune, lot, luck, happen, hap

Early Quenya [PME/055; QL/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

olirdea

adjective. pitiless, cruel, (lit.) without bowels

peltas

noun. pivot

Early Quenya [PE14/042; PE14/043; PE14/044; PE14/071; PE15/76; QL/073] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sapsa

noun. pit, grave

Early Quenya [MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/075; PE16/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sapta

noun. pit, grave

arak

noun. shingle, piles of stones

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “shingle, piles of stones”, from a vocalic augment added to the root ᴱ√RAKA “pile up” (QL/39).

Early Quenya [QL/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rakta-

verb. to pile, hoard, amass, collect

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as intransitive ᴱQ. rakta-² or sorakta- “pile, hoard, amass, collect” under the early root ᴱ√RAKA “pile up” (QL/78).

Early Quenya [QL/078] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ter-

verb. *to pierce

The verb ᴱQ. ter- appeared untranslated in a list of Qenya Verb Forms from the 1910s (PE14/28). Patrick Wynne and Christopher Gilson suggested it might be based on the early root ᴱ√teře “pierce” from this same period (PE14/28 note #4; PME/91).

Conceptual Development: The root √TER “pierce” appeared several times in Tolkien’s later writings (Ety/TER; PE17/33), so I would use ᴺQ. ter- “to pierce” for purposes of Neo-Quenya. For example, Helge Fauskanger had the active participle ᴺQ. térala “piercing” for his NQNT (NQNT). I would use the active participle form terila myself, but I think the basic verb ter- is perfectly viable.

Early Quenya [PE14/028] Group: Eldamo. Published by

werelinda

adjective. twirling, pirouetting

A word appearing as ᴱQ. ’werelinda “twirling, pirouetting” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. werelin(d-) “whirligig” under the early root ᴱ√GWERE “whirl, twirl, twist” which Tolkien said was the equivalent of ᴱ√qiři (QL/103). A similar-meaning adjective ᴱQ. pirūkea or pirukenda “pirouetting” appeared in the same document under the early root ᴱ√PIRI (QL/74).

A variant of this second adjective reappeared in the Nieninqe poem written around 1930, in the phrase ᴱQ. norolinde pirukendea “tripping lightly, whirling lightly” (MC/215, PE16/90, 92). However, in the updated version of Nieninquë from 1955, Tolkien said the word Q. pirucendëa meant “on the point of her toes”, where the initial element was the dual of Q. pirë “toe” (PE16/96).

Neo-Quenya: The later version of the root ᴱ√GWERE had to do with weaving (see: √WIR), and the later versions of ᴱ√PIRI had to do with toes and blinking (see: √PIR), so I would update these early “pirouetting” words to be based on the root ᴺ√KWIR “spin” which I retain for purposes of Neo-Eldarin, so: ᴺQ. quirilda “twirling, pirouetting”.

Early Quenya [QL/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

irt

noun. peck, pinprick

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. irt (irty-) “a peck, pinprick” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√ᴵRTYᴵR of “peck, prick” (QL/43).

Neo-Quenya: I would adapt this noun as ᴺQ. irtë (irti-) “peck, pinprick” based on the Neo-Root ᴺ√IRIT “peck, prick”.

Early Quenya [QL/043] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kum-

verb. to pile up

A verb appearing as kumin “I pile up” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√KUMU “heap up” (QL/49).

Early Quenya [QL/049] Group: Eldamo. Published by

súke

noun. resinous trees, pine or fir

A word appearing as ᴱQ. súke “resinous trees, pine or fir” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SUKU having to do with resins and gums (QL/86).

Neo-Quenya: I retain this early root as ᴺ√THUK “resin, gum”, so I would also retain ᴺQ. súcë [þ] as a general word for a “resinous tree, pine or fir”.

Early Quenya [QL/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tarqa-

verb. to dry, preserve; to pickle

A verb appearing as ᴱQ. tarqa- “dry, preserve; pickle” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TṚQṚ (QL/94). The verb tarq- was also mentioned (without gloss) in a list of Quenya verb forms from this same period (PE14/28).

Neo-Quenya: I would retain ᴺQ. tarqua- “dry, preserve; pickle” for purposes of Neo-Quenya based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√TARKWA, as there are no better alternatives in Tolkien’s later writings.

Early Quenya [PE14/028; QL/094] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyasa-

verb. to test, try, pick, choose

A verb appearing as ᴱQ. tyasa- “test, try, pick, choose” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TYASA of similar meaning (QL/49).

Neo-Quenya: I think it is worth retaining ᴺQ. tyas- for purposes of Neo-Quenya based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√TYATH, so archaically pronounced tyaþ- (still reflected in tengwar spelling). I think tyas- means “test or try” something out to see if you like it, hence also “pick or choose” among options to see if something is good.

Early Quenya [QL/049] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aiqaire

noun. fir, pine (tree)

Early Quenya [QL/029] Group: Eldamo. Published by

retye-

verb. to spit

Early Quenya [QL/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by

simpeta-

verb. *to pipe

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kulurin

noun. orange; piece of gold

Early Quenya [PME/049; QL/049] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min

noun. bit, piece

Early Quenya [QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pere-

verb. to go through, pass, pierce; to endure, undergo, experience; to penetrate, get to understand; to last

Early Quenya [QL/073] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sorakta-

verb. to pile, hoard, amass, collect

súle

noun. column, pillar

Early Quenya [PME/087; QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

talakúme

noun. huge burden, pile

Early Quenya [QL/088] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tarq-

verb. *to dry, preserve; to pickle

tereva

adjective. sharp, piercing, shrill; acute (pain)

Early Quenya [LT1A/Ilterendi; PE15/68; QL/091] Group: Eldamo. Published by

píwe

noun. fatness, richness, goodness

A noun in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “fatness, richness, goodness” derived from the early root ᴱ√PIẆI (QL/74).

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

polka

noun. pig

The word ᴱQ. polka “pig” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, under the early root ᴱ√POLO “have strength”, but Tolkien marked it with a “?” (QL/75). However, it appeared elsewhere as an element in ᴱQ. karkapolka “boar” = “✱tusk pig” (QL/48).

Neo-Quenya: I’d retain this word as ᴺQ. polca for purposes of Neo-Quenya, since √POL survived in Tolkien’s later writings.

Early Quenya [PME/075; QL/048; QL/075] Group: Eldamo. Published by

soraksa

noun. shingle

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “shingle”, a combination of ᴱQ. so- “together” and some variant of ᴱQ. arak “shingle, piles of stones” (QL/85).

Early Quenya [QL/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

píke assari silde

blinking on bones gleaming

The thirty third line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/214). The first word is the aorist form of the verb pik- “to blink” followed by an inflected form assari of as (ass-) “bone” modified by the plural form of the adjective silda “gleaming”. Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter suggested that assari might be an idiomatic use of the dative or perhaps a variant accusative (PE16/87), but I believe it might be a variant locative: the r-locative.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> pík-e assa-r-i sild-e = “✱blink-(aorist) bone-on-(plural) gleaming-(plural)”

Early Quenya [MC/214] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tendl

noun. string

A word appearing in The Qenya Phonology of the 1910s whose plural tendilli was glossed “pieces of string” (PE12/25). Its root was given as ᴱ√TEME, which elsewhere was glossed “tie” (QL/91).

Early Quenya [PE12/025] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ulma

noun. flagon

A word appearing as ᴱQ. ulma “flagon” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from ᴱ✶ḷma (QL/97). Tolkien said it was not related to the early root ᴱ√ULU “pour” because Gnomish derivatives of that root showed gul- (indicating a true root form ✱ᴱ√GULU), whereas the Gnomish cognate of this word was G. ulm (GL/74).

Neo-Quenya: Tolkien soon changed his mind and decided the root for “pour” was in fact ᴱ√ULU. I would therefore retain ᴺQ. ulma for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but would assume it was derived from ✱ul-mā “a thing for pouring”. As such, I would assume its use also included pitchers with handles as well as flagons; this is how Helge Fauskanger used ulma in his NQNT (NQNT).

Early Quenya [QL/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pyúva

adjective. fat

Early Quenya [PE16/137] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fine

noun. larch

Early Quenya [PE16/140; QL/038; QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kulu

noun. gold

Early Quenya [LT1/100; LT1A/Laurelin; LT2A/Glingol; LT2A/Parma Kuluinen; MC/220; PE14/046; PE14/050; PE14/071; PE14/083; PE14/084; PE14/110; PE15/22; PE15/72; PE15/73; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/077; PME/049; QL/049; QL/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pínea

adjective. small

Early Quenya [QL/073; QL/095; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

píqa

adjective. bitter

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

píqele

noun. bitterness

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sild(r)a

adjective. slender

Early Quenya [QL/047; QL/073; QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

súme

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tarasse

noun. hawthorn

Early Quenya [PME/087; QL/087; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tas

noun. nail

Early Quenya [PE15/75; QL/073; QL/088] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vasse

noun. wing

A word for “wing” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√VASA (QL/100). A similar word ’wasse appeared under the early root ᴱ√GWASA (QL/103). The word vasse “wing” also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/22) and again in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/137), but not thereafter.

Early Quenya [GL/22; PE16/137; QL/100; QL/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

qirme

noun. cream

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. qirme “cream” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√QIŘI [QIÐI] (QL/77).

Neo-Quenya: I would retain this word as ᴺQ. quirmë “cream” for purposes of Neo-Quenya based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√KWIR “stir”.

Early Quenya [QL/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ala

noun. wing

Early Quenya [PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/076] Group: Eldamo. Published by

alle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

angwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eant

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

elben

noun. heart

elwen

noun. heart

A word appearing as ᴱQ. Elben “heart” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin of the 1910s (LT2/202; PE15/23), but as ᴱQ. Elwen “heart” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√LEFE (QL/35, 52). These words were connected to the character G. Elfrith who vanished from later versions of the legendarium.

Early Quenya [LT1A/Ilverin; LT2/202; PE15/23; QL/035; QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ematte

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hon

noun. heart

Early Quenya [PE13/149; PE13/162; PE15/32; PE16/137; QL/040] Group: Eldamo. Published by

honde

noun. heart

hondo

noun. heart

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

intya

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/107] Group: Eldamo. Published by

inya

adjective. tiny

Early Quenya [LT1A/Inwë; QL/042] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ka

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/054] Group: Eldamo. Published by

keny-

verb. to prick

Early Quenya [QL/046] Group: Eldamo. Published by

koli-

verb. to prick

Early Quenya [QL/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laika

adjective. green

laiqa

adjective. green

Early Quenya [GL/39; LT1A/Tári-Laisi; MC/214; MC/216; MC/221; PE14/083; PE15/28; PE16/056; PE16/062; PE16/065; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/077; PE16/100; PE16/104; PE16/139; PME/052; QL/052; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

larúva

adjective. greasy

A word appearing as ᴱQ. larúva “greasy”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. laru “fat, grease” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√LARA (QL/51). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien instead had ᴱQ. lisiva “greasy” as the adjectival form of ᴱQ. lise (lisy-) “grease” (PE16/141).

Neo-Quenya: The root ᴹ√LAR “fat, grease” from The Etymologies of the 1930s seems to indicate that lisy- was a transient idea, so I would retain ᴺQ. larúva “greasy” for purposes of Neo-Quenya. Note that Tolkien also had a different adjective Q. (h)lúvo “greasy, fat” in notes from the early 1950s (PE21/82), but I think the two can coexist.

Early Quenya [QL/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

las

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lisiva

adjective. greasy

Early Quenya [PE16/141] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lomba

adjective. secret

Early Quenya [LT1A/Hisilómë; QL/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

londa

noun. heart

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maika

adjective. cruel

Early Quenya [GL/33] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/028] Group: Eldamo. Published by

minwa

adjective. small

Early Quenya [QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mis

noun. urine

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. mis (mist-) “urine” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s from the early root ᴱ√MISI “mingere”, which is Latin for “urinate” (QL/62).

Neo-Quenya: I’d retain ᴺQ. mis (mist-) “urine” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, based on the later root ᴹ√MIS having to do with wet things. It conflicts somewhat with Q. mistë < √MIZDI “drizzle, light rain”, but I don’t see that as a problem, as the word for “urine” might have originated euphemistically as “make rain”.

Early Quenya [QL/062] Group: Eldamo. Published by

naqa-

verb. to steal

A verb for “steal” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√NAQA of similar meaning (QL/64).

Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by

naqar

noun. thief

A noun for “thief” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an agental formation based on ᴱQ. naqa- “steal” (QL/64).

Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by

narte

adjective. bitter

Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nauto

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nawa-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nehta

noun. hawthorn

Early Quenya [PE16/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nierme

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nyara

noun. tale

Early Quenya [QL/068] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nyére

noun. grief

Early Quenya [GL/60; LT1A/Mornië] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pea

noun. scorn

Early Quenya [PE13/146] Group: Eldamo. Published by

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/075] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pulqe

noun. juice

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

qen

noun. Elf

Early Quenya [GL/32; LRI/Qendi; LT1/235; LT1I/Qendi; PE13/099; PE13/146; PE14/009; QL/092; SM/013; SM/168] Group: Eldamo. Published by

qende

noun. Elf

qent

noun. word

Early Quenya [LT2A/Tôn a Gwedrin; PME/077; QL/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

qetta

noun. word

Early Quenya [GL/28; PE13/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

qinga

noun. bow

Early Quenya [LT1A/Ilweran; PME/077; QL/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

qisi-

verb. to whisper

Early Quenya [QL/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ralle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saile

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [GL/72] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saqa-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sat

noun. hole

Early Quenya [QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sauke

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sivilda

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

takse

noun. nail

talarin

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/088] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tantilta-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [LT1/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by

titta

adjective. tiny

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

toron

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/094] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tultárie

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tunda

noun. hole

Early Quenya [PE13/122; PE13/165] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyúte

noun. thumb

Early Quenya [QL/050; QL/093] Group: Eldamo. Published by

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/006] Group: Eldamo. Published by

umpai

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

usult

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

valle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vasa

noun. juice

Early Quenya [GL/44] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vite

noun. sap, juice

Early Quenya [GL/23; QL/101] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wasse

noun. wing

yu

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/146] Group: Eldamo. Published by