Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Early Quenya

qosta-

verb. to choke, drown (trans.)

A verb appearing as ᴱQ. qosta- “choke, drown (tr.)” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√QOŘO [QOÐO] or ᴱ√QOSO (QL/78).

Neo-Quenya: I would retain this word as ᴺQ. quosta- “to choke, drown (trans.)” for purposes of Neo-Quenya as a derivative of ✱kwod-tā based on the Neo-Root ᴺ√KWOD, but some Neo-Quenya writers reject this word under the assumption that the combination quo- is not possible in Quenya; see the entry on how [[q|[wo] became [o]]] for further discussion.

Derivations

  • ᴱ√QOÐO “*choke, suffocate, drown” ✧ QL/078

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√QOŘO > qosta-[kʷoðta-] > [kʷozta-] > [kʷosta-]✧ QL/078
Early Quenya [QL/078] Group: Eldamo. Published by