Noldorin 

rhanc

noun. arm

Noldorin [Ety/382, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhanc

noun. arm

A noun appearing as N. rhanc “arm” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶ranku under the root ᴹ√RAK “stretch out, reach” (Ety/RAK). It had the irregular plural form rhengy, presumably from final -ui becoming -y, but this plural was archaic and reformed to rhenc based on normal Noldorin (and later Sindarin) plural patterns.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had (archaic) G. † “arm, strength” (GL/65), clearly related to ᴱQ. “arm” in contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon from the early root ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward” (QL/78). The Gnomish Lexicon also had a non-archaic word rath “the full arm, the extent of one’s arm, one’s reach — a measure = 2 feet”, apparently referring to both the arm itself and the reach of the arm, and so functioning as a unit of measure (GL/65).

Neo-Sindarin: Most Neo-Sindarin writers adapt the Noldorin word as ᴺS. ranc “arm” (plural renc) as suggested in HSD (HSD), since the unvoicing of initial r to rh was a feature of Noldorin of the 1930s but not Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s. Based on the Gnomish usage, this word might also be used as a unit of measure for an arm’s length, about 2 feet.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. ranko “arm” ✧ Ety/RAK

Derivations

  • On. ranko “arm” ✧ Ety/RAK; Ety/RAK
    • ᴹ✶ranku “arm” ✧ Ety/RAK
    • ᴹ√RAK “stretch out, reach” ✧ Ety/RAK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. ranko > rhanc[raŋko] > [raŋkʰo] > [raŋxo] > [raŋx] > [r̥aŋx] > [r̥aŋk]✧ Ety/RAK
On. rankui > rhengy[raŋkui] > [raŋkʰui] > [raŋxui] > [reŋxui] > [r̥eŋxui] > [r̥eŋgui] > [r̥eŋgy]✧ Ety/RAK

daen

noun. corpse

Noldorin [Ety/375] Group: SINDICT. Published by

daen

noun. corpse

A noun for “corpse” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from ON. ndagno under the root ᴹ√NDAK “slay” (Ety/NDAK), where the g vocalized to i before n and then ai became ae.

Conceptual Development: There were a couple of unrelated “corpse” words in Tolkien’s earlier writings. G. cweleg “corpse, dead body” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s based on G. cwel- “fade, wither” (GL/28), clearly the equivalent of contemporaneous ᴱQ. qelet (qelekt-) of the same meaning (QL/76). ᴱN. rhanc “corpse, body of one slain in battle” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s related to the verb rhengi (rhang-) “to slay in battle” (PE13/152).

Derivations

  • On. ndagno “slain (as noun), corpse” ✧ Ety/NDAK
    • ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ Ety/NDAK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. ndagno > daen[ndagno] > [ndaŋno] > [daŋno] > [daino] > [dain] > [daen]✧ Ety/NDAK
Noldorin [Ety/NDAK] Group: Eldamo. Published by