Primitive elvish

ris

root. cut, cleave, cut; [ᴹ√] slash, rip; cleave

This root first appeared as ᴹ√RIS “slash, rip” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the derivative N. risto “rend, rip” (Ety/RIS¹). Tolkien then created a new entry for ᴹ√RIS without deleting the prior entry, with derivatives like ᴹQ. rista/N. rhest “a cut” and ᴹQ. rista-/N. rhista- “cut” (Ety/RIS²); this seems to reflect a conceptual shift of “slash, rip” >> “cut”. Indeed, the root √RIS reappeared in Tolkien’s later writings with the gloss “cut” (PE17/87). Christopher Tolkien gave this root the gloss “cleave” in the Silmarillion Appendix (SA/ris).

Primitive elvish [PE17/087; PE17/182; SA/ris] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rista

noun. *cut

Primitive elvish [WJ/365] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kirissi

noun. cleft

Primitive elvish [PE21/80] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rō/oro

root. up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount, up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount; [ᴹ√] high, [ᴱ√] steepness, rising

This invertible root had a long history in Tolkien’s writings. Its earliest iteration was as a pair of roots in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s: ᴱ√OŘO [OÐO] with derivatives having to do with the “dawn”, which it was much confused with ᴱ√ORO whose derivatives were rising things (QL/70). The latter had derivatives like ᴱQ. orme “summit, crest, hilltop” and ᴱQ. orto- “raise” (QL/70), and Tolkien mentioned an inverted variant ᴱ√ or ᴱ√ROHO with derivatives like ᴱQ. róna- “arise, rise, ascend” (QL/80). The contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon also gave it as in an invertible root ᴱ√rō-, oro with derivatives like G. oros “rising” and G. ront “high, steep” (GL/63, 66).

The root reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as ᴹ√ORO “up, rise, high” and ᴹ√ “rise” (Ety/ORO, RŌ). The root was mentioned very frequently in his writings from the 1930s, 40s, 50s and 60s, generally glossed “rise” or “up(wards)”. Thus √RŌ/ORO “rise” was very well established in Tolkien’s mind, but distinct ᴱ√OŘO “✱dawn” seems to have been abandoned very early.

Primitive elvish [Let/426; NM/176; PE17/063; PE17/064; PE17/112; PE17/171; PE17/182; PE18/088; PE18/089; PE18/106; PE22/129; PE22/133; PE22/134; PE22/156; PE22/163; VT41/11; VT41/13; VT48/25; VT48/31] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orta-

verb. to rise, ascend

Primitive elvish [PE18/106; PE21/77; PE22/129; PE22/134; PE22/135] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orya-

verb. to rise

Primitive elvish [PE22/134; PE22/135; PE22/139; PE22/157; PE22/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oro

root. up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount

ambō

noun. hill

Primitive elvish [PE17/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ortā-

verb. to raise

Primitive elvish [PE18/089; PE18/106; PE22/135; PE22/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

(s)rō Reconstructed

root. east

barathī

noun. queen

Primitive elvish [MR/387; PE17/023; PE17/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by