topon. >> naur
Sindarin
sam
noun. chamber, chamber, [G.] room
sam
noun. chamber
Sammath Naur
place name. Sammath Naur
sammath naur
place name. Chambers of Fire
Sammath Naur
noun. chambers of fire
sam(b) (“chamber, room”) + ath (collective plural suffix), naur (“fire”)
sammar
noun. *neighbor
samarad
noun. two neighbours
sammar
noun. neighbour
sammath
noun. chambers
sam
chamber
sam (i ham, o sam), pl. saim, coll. pl. sammath
sam
chamber
(i ham, o sam), pl. saim, coll. pl. sammath
sammar
neighbour
sammar (i hammar, o sammar), pl. semmair (i semmair). Also ahamar (pl. ehemair). Dual samarad, 2 neighbours (VT48:20)
samp
noun. spade, shovel
perhael
masculine name. Samwise, (lit.) Half-wise
Sindarin name of Samwise (SD/126), literally “Half-wise” (PE17/102), appearing in its lenited form Berhael in the Praises of Cormallen (LotR/953). His name appears to be a combination of per- “half” and the lenited form of sael “wise”.
Conceptual Development: In unpublished epilogue to The Lord of the Rings, this name first appeared as N. Perhail “Halfwise” (SD/118), using an earlier word N. sail “wise” based on Noldorin phonology: see N. [[n|[ai] revised to [ae]]].
a pherhael ar am meril suilad uin aran o minas tirith nelchaenen ned echuir
to Samwise and Rose the King’s greeting from Minas Tirith, the thirty-first day of Stirring
ain
adjective. same, identical
A Neo-Sindarin analog of Q. imya. As originally coined by Fiona Jallings this word was aif, but Elaran pointed out that likely it would become ain because [[os|[mj] became [nj]]] in Old Sindarin: [imjā] > [inja] > [enja] > [ein] > [ain].
aif
adjective. same
sevin
8r$5% verb. I have
v. aor. & pron. suff. I have. Q. samin. >> -n
sav-
verb. to have
ahamar
noun. neighbour
ahamar
noun. *neighbor
ertha-
verb. to unite
feleg
noun. cave
n. cave, mine, underground dwelling. Q. felco. Q.
groth
noun. cave, tunnel, large excavation
groth
noun. delving, underground dwelling
rond
noun. cave roof
rond
noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed
roth
noun. cave
n. cave. Q. rondo.
an-
very
(as adverbial prefix) an-, as in:
an-
very
as in:
dae
very
dae (exceedingly). Lenited dhae.
dae
adverb. very
dae
very
(exceedingly). Lenited dhae.
ertha
unite
#ertha- (i ertha, in erthar). Isolated from the gerund #erthad (itself isolated from aderthad "reunion").
ertha
unite
(i ertha, in erthar). Isolated from the gerund #erthad (itself isolated from aderthad "reunion").
fela
cave
(pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.
gar
have
(i ’âr, i ngerir = i ñerir) (hold, possess; be able, can); pa.t. garant. (AI:92, VT45:14)
gar
have
gar- (i **âr, i ngerir = i ñerir) (hold, possess; be able, can); pa.t. garant**. (AI:92, VT45:14)
golu
wisdom
*golu (i ngolu = i ñolu, o n**golu = o ñgolu) (secret lore), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath** as the likely coll. pl.
golu
wisdom
(i ngolu = i ñolu, o n’golu = o ñgolu) (secret lore), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath as the likely coll. pl.
groth
cave
(i ’roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12)
grôd
cave
1) grôd (i **rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414), 2) groth (i **roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12), 3) rond (construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath, 4) roth (delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i **athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd), 5) fela (pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela** as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.
grôd
cave
(i ’rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)
gûr
inner mind
(i ’ûr, construct gur) (heart), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11)
ind
mind
ind (inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
ind
mind
(inner thought, meaning, heart), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.
othronn
fortress in a cave/caves
(pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (underground stronghold). Cited in archaic form othrond in the source (WJ:414).
pannen
adjective. arranged, settled, done
rhûd
artificial cave
(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*
rhûd
rockhewn hall
(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365);
rond
cave
(construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath
rond
hall with vaulted roof
(construct ron) (cave, cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath
roth
cave
(delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i ’athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd)
sab-
verb. to dig
saelas
noun. wisdom
@@@ Discord 2023-03-06
tham
hall
tham, pl. thaim, coll. pl. thammath;
tham
hall
pl. thaim, coll. pl. thammath;
thamas
great hall
pl. themais, coll. pl. thamassath;
thavron
carpenter
thavron (wright, builder), pl. thevryn, coll. pl. thavronnath
thavron
carpenter
(wright, builder), pl. thevryn, coll. pl. thavronnath****
The word sammath “chambers” appeared in the name Sammath Naur “Chambers of Fire” for the cavernous chambers in the interior of Mount Doom (LotR/942). It appears to be the class-plural of an otherwise unattested noun ✱sam “chamber”.
Conceptual Development: Earlier forms of this word were G. tham “chamber, room” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/72) and N. tham “hall” from The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√STAB (Ety/STAB). The Gnomish word was cognate to ᴱQ. sambe “room, chamber” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SAMA (QL/81), though the Gnomish form tham indicates the actual form of the root was (or became) ✱ᴱ√ÞAMA. Likewise the Noldorin word in the 1930s was cognate to ᴹQ. sambe “room, chamber” but with a distinct gloss = “hall” (Ety/STAB). The form sammath from the 1950s may indicate another revision of the root to √SAB or √SAM, though both of these conflict with other roots from the 1950s and 60s: √SAB “believe” (PE22/158) and √SAM “to have” (PE17/183).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer to retain both S. sam “chamber” and N. tham “hall”, so I would assume that S. tham and Q. sambe where both derived from ᴹ√STAB, but that in Quenya the word meant “room, chamber” while in Sindarin it meant “hall”. Furthermore, I would assume that prior to the arrival of the Noldor, Sindarin architecture mostly consisted of single-room houses or large buildings with a great hall without subdivision into smaller rooms or chambers.
When Sindar adopted the architectural practice of subdividing houses and buildings into multiple rooms from the Noldor, they borrowed Q. sambe as S. sam to mean “chamber, ✱room” as a way of distinguishing a “room” from the older Sindarin word for “hall” = tham. I would further assume that tham came to be used for ordinary “halls” joining distinct chambers, and that [N.] thamas “great hall” was coined to describe a great central hall. This is an entirely fan-based etymology, however, purely speculative.