Primitive elvish

sar

root. score, incise; write, score, incise; [extended sense] write; [ᴹ√] *stone

ᴹ√SAR appeared as unglossed root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. sar “(small) stone” and N. sarn “stone as a material” (Ety/SAR). Tolkien use of both these words in later writings in names like Q. Elessar “Elfstone” (LotR/375) and S. Sarn Athrad “Ford of Stones” (S/92) indicates the ongoing validatity of this meaning, though in later writings S. sarn also = “pebble, small stone” (RC/327; VT42/11).

However, in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, Tolkien gave a different meaning for this root as √SAR “score, incise”, from which it developed the extended sense “write” and became the basis for the name of the first alphabet of the Elves, the Q. sarati (WJ/396). This use ᴱQ. sar- as “write” dates back to Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/133). Despite the difference in meaning, I think two root could still be essentially the same, with √SAR = “stone” as a noun and √SAR = “score (stone)” as a verb, and from there eventually developing the sense “write” to serve as the basis for sarati. In one place in the Quendi and Eldar Tolkien revised √SAR >> √SYAR, perhaps indicating he considered making √SYAR an etymological variant of √SAR (WJ/419 note #24).

Changes

  • SARSYAR “score, incise; write” ✧ WJ/419

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. sár “(incised) mark, notch, tally; (generalized) score (of game or contest)”
  • ᴺQ. sar- “to mark (i.e. by incision), notch, score; (by later extension) †to write [on]”
  • Q. sarat “letter (of the Rúmilian alphabet)” ✧ WJ/396
  • Q. sarmë “writing”

Variations

  • SYAR ✧ WJ/419
Primitive elvish [WJ/396; WJ/419] Group: Eldamo. Published by

syar

root. score, incise; write

keme

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”

Variations

  • kĕmĕ ✧ PE21/80 (kĕmĕ)
Primitive elvish [PE21/80] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kemen

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”

Derivatives

  • Q. cemen “the earth; earth, the earth; earth, [ᴹQ.] soil”
  • S. cevenEarth, earth; Earth”
Primitive elvish [PE21/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by