ta

pronoun. that, it

ta

pronoun. it (3rd sg. inanimate)

tarkilion

place name. Tarkilion

Earlier name for Annúminas appearing in drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices (PM/167). It seems to contain Tarkil “High-man”, and might be the genitive plural of that word.

tar-kalion

masculine name. Tar-Kalion

tar-kalion ohtakáre valannar

Tar-Kalion made war on the Powers

tauretavárea-tumbalemorna tumbaletaurea landataváre

Tauretavárea-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurea landataváre

taima

pronoun. taima

tampio

proper name. Tampio

A name appearing only in linguistic notes from 1930s (PE21/41), its meaning is unclear.

tam-

verb. to tap

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as tamin “I tap” under the root ᴹ√TAM “knock” (Ety/TAM). See the entry ᴹQ. ton- for other similar “tap, knock” verbs.

tar-ellion

feminine name. Queen of the Stars

A variant of Elentári appearing in a note from the 1930s (LR/200). Its initial element is probably tar- “high”, and its second element might be some peculiar genitive partitive-plural form of elen “star”.

tana

that

tane

pronoun. that

taras mindolluin thāra ondoresse

Mt. Mindolluin stands in Gondor

talka

adjective. *that much, that great

The correlatives talka or tanalka appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. ta “that” and ᴹQ. -lka “much”.

tallini

that many

The correlatives tallini or talli “that many” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. ta “that” and ᴹQ. -lli(ni) “many”.

tan(an)

adverb. then, at that time (past now)

The correlatives tanan or (archaic) †tan “then, at that time” appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109), a combination of ᴹQ. ta “that” and ᴹQ. -n(an) “time”.

tan(de)

adverb. that much, so, *of that degree

The correlatives tan or tande “that much, so” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. ta “that” and ᴹQ. -n(de) “degree”, so more literally “✱of that degree”.

tanar(yas)

adverb. *on that (past) day

The correlatives ᴹQ. tanar and tanaryas appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109), a combination of ᴹQ. ta “that” and ᴹQ. -ar(yas) “day”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. tanaurë “on that day” using Q. aurë for “day”.

tandon

adverb. like that

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. ta “that” and the similative suffix ᴹQ. -ndon.

tanikka

pronoun. *that small

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. ta “that” and the similative suffix ᴹQ. -(n)ikka “small”.

tanárea

adjective. *that old, that long lasting

The correlative ᴹQ. tanárea appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. ta “that” and an adjectival form of ᴹQ. are “day”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. tanaurëa “that old, that long lasting, (lit.) of that many days” using Q. aurë for “day”.

taro

adverb. *for that reason

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. ta “that” and ᴹQ. -ro “reason”.

tatwa

adjective. *that of two

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. ta “this” and ᴹQ. atwa “either”.

tatwe

pronoun. that other one (pointing)

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. ta “this” and ᴹQ. atwe “one of two”.

tangwa

noun. hasp, clasp, hasp, clasp, *fastener

A noun for “hasp, clasp” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶takmā “thing for fixing” under the root ᴹ√TAK “fix, make fast” (Ety/TAK). It is an example of how primitive ✶km developed into ngw in Quenya of the 1930s through 1950s.

Neo-Quenya: Sometime in the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien revised his notion of the phonetic developments for ancient stop-nasal combinations, so that ✶km became qu (PE19/85). However, I choose to ignore this particular revision to Quenya phonology, and as such I would retain tangwa “hasp, clasp” for purposes of Neo-Quenya. I would use tangwa for a “clasp” in clothing over the word tancal(a), whose use I limit to decorative brooches. I would also use tangwa for movable fasteners in general (e.g. hasps to hold windows closed), not just in clothing.

taita-

verb. to prolong, to prolong, *lengthen

A verb for “to prolong” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TAY “extend, make long(er)” (Ety/TAY). For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would also used it with the sense “✱lengthen”.

tak-

verb. to fasten, to fasten, [ᴱQ.] fix

A verb appearing as take “he fastens” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TAK “fix, make fast” (Ety/TAK).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. tak- “to fasten” appeared in Early Qenya Phonology derived from ᴱ√tak- “stick (in), fix” (PE14/66), ᴱQ. tak- “fix” appeared in Qenya Verb Forms from the 1910s (PE14/28), and ᴱQ. tak- “fix, fasten” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TAKA of the same meaning (QL/88). The root √TAK “fasten, fix” also appeared in Tolkien’s writings of the 1950s (PE18/100; PE19/83).

takse

noun. nail

A noun for “nail” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶taksē under the root ᴹ√TAK “fix, make fast” (Ety/TAK).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. tas (taks-) “nail” under the early root ᴱ√TAKA “fix, fasten” (QL/88), while the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s had takse “nail” (PE15/75).

tallune

noun. sole of foot

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sole of foot”, a combination of ᴹQ. tál “foot” and the root ᴹ√RUN “flat of hand or sole of foot” (Ety/RUN). Tolkien gave a primitive form ᴹ✶talrunya after this word, but that is unlikely to produce the Quenya word tallune; a second primitive element of ✱-runē is more likely.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s has the word ᴱQ. talas (talast-) “sole” under the early root ᴱ√TALA “support”, also the basis for ᴱQ. tala “foot” (QL/88). The contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa gave it only in its stem form talast- “sole” (PME/88).

talmar ambaren

place name. Roots of the Earth

Another name for Martalmar in cosmological notes from the 1930s (SM/241), a combination of the plural of talma “root” and the genitive of Ambar “world” (Ety/TAL).

talta

noun. incline

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “an incline” derived from the root ᴹ√TALAT “to slope, lean, tip” (Ety/TALÁT).

tamba-

verb. to knock, keep on knocking

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “to knock, keep on knocking” under the root ᴹ√TAM “knock” (Ety/TAM). See the entry ᴹQ. ton- for other similar “knock, tap” verbs.

tambaro

noun. woodpecker, (lit.) knocker

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “woodpecker, knocker”, an agental form of ᴹQ. tamba- “knock” (Ety/TAM).

tanwe

noun. craft, thing made, device, construction

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “craft, thing made, device, construction” under the root ᴹ√TAN “make, fashion” (Ety/TAN).

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writings this root became √TAM “construct”, but tanwe could still be based on this root since [[aq|[mw] became [nw]]] in Quenya’s history of phonetic development.

tarakil

masculine name. Trotter

Quenya names for Aragorn’s line in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, glossed “Trotter” (WR/390, 395). The etymology of the name is unclear, but Roman Rausch suggested the initial element might be derived from the root ᴹ√TARAK (EE/3.42).

tarka

noun. horn [of animals]

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “horn” derived from the root ᴹ√TARAK “horn (of animals)” (Ety/TARÁK).

Conceptual Development: A similar noun ᴱQ. taru “horn” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TARA (QL/89). It was also mentioned in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/89).

tarkilmar

place name. Westermanton

Earlier name for Annúminas appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s with the gloss “Westermanton” (TI/144, 304). It is a combination of Tarkil “High-man” and mar “home”, as noted by Roman Rausch (EE/2.19).

tarqendi

collective name. High-elves

Another name for the Lindar appearing in name lists and The Etymologies from the 1930s (LR/403, Ety/TĀ). It seems to be a combination of tar- “high” and the plural of Qende “Elf”.

talat

noun. sheet

A word for “sheet” in the Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s of unclear derivation.

Conceptual Development: In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, ᴱQ. talat was “dry land” (PE16/139). The word talat also appeared (unglossed) in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the mid-to-late 1930s (PE22/20).

tambe

noun. pot

A word in the Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s whose archaic form tambı̯ǝ was glossed “pot” (PE21/12). Its inflected forms indicate its stem form was effectively tambi- (PE21/12). Tambe is probably related to ᴱQ. tambin “cauldron” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TAMA “beat; smelt, forge” (QL/88).

tar-kulu

masculine name. *High Gold

A name appearing only in The Etymologies from the 1930s, as a combination of tar- “high” and kulu “gold” (EtyAC/KUL). Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne suggested it might be a variation of Tar-Calion.

taras

noun. mount, hill

A noun appearing in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948, with its singular form taras glossed “mount” (PE22/126) and its plural form tarassi glossed “hills” (PE22/126). It appears to be an elaboration of ᴹQ. tára “high”, so perhaps more literally means “✱heights”. In later writings it seems Q. taras was used as a word for “tower” (PE17/22), though S. Taras did reappear as the name of a mountain in Sindarin (S/119).

taure huinéva

place name. *Forest of Shadow

A Quenya translation of N. Taur-na-Fuin “Forest of Night” appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/PHUY). Tolkien did not provide a Quenya translation of the later name S. Taur-nu-Fuin.

toa

adjective. of wool, woollen

An adjective in The Etymologies of the late 1930s glossed “of wool, woollen” and derived from the root ᴹ√TOW (Ety/TOW).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. oara “of wool”, an adjective form of ᴱQ. oa “wool” under the early root ᴱ√OWO (QL/71).

taniqetil

place name. High White Horn

tanka

adjective. firm, fixed, sure, firm, fixed, sure, [ᴱQ.] fast; steady, (stead)fast

tankil

noun. brooch, clasp, pin; fastener

tar

adverb. thither, beyond

tasar(e)

noun. willow-tree

tainen

adverb. by that means

tal(de)

adverb. so, thus, like that

tallume

adverb. at that date/time

tama

pronoun. thing

tanima

pronoun. *of that kind

tankata-

verb. to make fixed or firm, confirm

tanna

adverb. thither

tannomen(na)

adverb. *to that place

tanome

adverb. *that place

tar-

affix. high; king or queen (in compounds)

tasse

adverb. there

tavar

noun. wood (material)

tavaril

noun. dryad, spirit of woods (f.)

tavaron

noun. dryad, spirit of woods (m.)

tá

adverb. then, at that time (past now)

taile

noun. lengthening, extension

taina

adjective. lengthened, extended, prolonged

talan

noun. floor, ground

talma

noun. base, foundation, root

talta

adjective. sloping, tilted, leaning

talta-

verb. to slope, slip (down), slide down, fall

tampa

noun. stopper

tano

noun. craftsman, smith

tanta

adjective. double

tap-

verb. to stop, block

tarkil

proper name. High Man

tarmenel

place name. High Heaven

tarqesta

proper name. High Speech, High Language

tasarinan

place name. Land of Willows

tatya-

verb. to double, repeat

taima

noun. extension

tal

adverb. downwards

talta-

verb. to mean

taltelepsa

feminine name. *Silverfoot

taltyelemna

feminine name. *Silverfoot

tarya

adjective. tough, stiff

tasse intin nan

there they (are) again

tasse i·osto

there (is) the city

tasse ni·kenne laqe imma

there I saw nobody whatsoever

tatalla-

verb. to admire, wonder at (the excellence of), marvel

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

taura

adjective. mighty

taure

noun. great wood, forest

taurina

adjective. of wood

ta·anta

it gives

ta·istane

it knew

ta·nakita

*it bites it(self)

tallo

adverb. *thence

talte

adverb. down, at the bottom

tanalka

*that much, that great

tanas(se)

adverb. *there

tanga-

verb. to twang

tango

noun. twang

tankal(a)

noun. clasp, brooch, fastener

tante

noun. [unglossed]

tarki-

verb. to trouble

tas

adverb. there

tasse e·orta silalya

there it rises shining

tasse ye túro

there’s Túro

qenta

noun. tale, story, account, history

fasta-

verb. to tangle

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “tangle” derived from the root ᴹ√PHAS (Ety/PHAS).

hauta-

verb. to cease, take a rest, stop

martalmar

place name. Roots of the Earth

The “veins of the world” in some cosmological notes from the 1930s (SM/241-2, 255), also appearing in The Etymologies as combination of mar “world” and the plural of talma “root” (Ety/TAL).

vanta-

verb. to walk, to walk, *trudge, trek

A verb for “to walk” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√BAT “tread” (Ety/BAT).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I assume ᴹ√BAT is for a “heavy walk” as opposed for √PAT for a “light walk” or “step”, so I would use vanta- for an extended or serious walk, and thus including “✱trudge” and “✱trek”.

ataltare

noun. collapse

A noun appearing as [ᴹQ.] ataltare “collapse” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948, a noun form of the verb atalta- (PE22/110). In Tolkien’s later writings, he used atalantë for “collapse” (MC/223).

atar

noun. father

atta

cardinal. two

lanta

noun. fall

-nta

suffix. *their

-ta

suffix. causative

ha·anta

it gives

lilta-

verb. to dance

olta-

verb. [unglossed]

hlasta-

verb. to hear

fasse

noun. tangled hair, shaggy lock

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “tangled hair, shaggy lock” derived from the root ᴹ√PHAS (Ety/PHAS).

lamorni

collective name. Talking Trees

An earlier term for the huorn appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s glossed “Talking Trees” (WR/50), apparently a combination of some form of the root ᴹ√LAM having to do with language and the plural of orne “tree”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/3.3).

atsa

noun. tassel, fryse, fringe

halla

adjective. tall

laman

noun. tame beast

nyarie

noun. talking

nyarna

noun. tale, saga

nyáre

noun. tale, saga, history

tunda

adjective. tall

tunga

adjective. taut, tight; resonant (of strings)

halda

adjective. tall

aikasse

noun. mountain peak

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “mountain peak”, an abstract noun formation of ᴹQ. aika “sharp” (Ety/AYAK).

hamu-

verb. to sit down, take a seat

The verb ᴹQ. hamu- “sit down, take a seat” appeared in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of 1948 as an example of an inceptive verb based on ᴹQ. ham- “sit” (PE22/114).

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writings the usual verb for “sit” was Q. har-, so I would update the 1948 verb hamu- to ᴺQ. haru- “to sit down, take a seat”.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. {sosta- >>} sorta- “sit down” under the early root {ᴱ√SOŘO >>} ᴱ√SORO [ÐORO] (QL/85-86).

lemya-

verb. to remain, tarry, to remain, tarry; *to be left over

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “to remain, tarry” derived from the root ᴹ√LEM of similar meaning (EtyAC/LEB).

Neo-Quenya: Given ᴹQ. lemba “left behind”, I think lemya- might also be used for “remain = be left over/behind”.

ser-

verb. to rest, repose; to stay, tarry, stop, be for a while, at the moment

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as serin “I rest” under the root ᴹ√SED of the same meaning (Ety/SED). It appeared as sére “resteth” in the contemporaneous Fíriel’s Song (LR/72). In the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of 1948 Tolkien said that ᴹQ. ser- properly meant “to rest, repose”, but it was frequently used to mean “stay, tarry, stop, be for a while, at the moment” (PE22/125). The example he gave was ᴹQ. sinan Elessar Aran séra Arkimbelesse “at present King Elessar is [staying for a while] at Rivendell”.

sulpa-

verb. to lap up, drink greedily, to lap up, drink greedily; [ᴱQ.] to lick, sup, lick up, sup up; to sip, taste; to drink

A verb glossed “to lap up, drink greedily” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the late 1940s as an example of a talat-stem verb (PE22/114-115), perhaps derived from a variant ✱ᴹ√SULUP of the root ᴹ√SALAP “lick up” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/SÁLAP).

Conceptual Development: This verb appeared as ᴱQ. sulp- “lick, sup, lick up, sup up” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SḶPḶ (QL/84). In the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s it was glossed “drink” (PE14/58) and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it was glossed “sips, tastes” (PE13/149).

ton-

verb. to tap, knock

A verb in the Quenya Verbal System of 1948 derived from the root ᴹ√TON “tap, knock” and so presumably with the same meaning (PE22/103). It replaced a verb tun- from a deleted root ᴹ√TUN “tap, knock, touch (with the fingers)” (PE22/103).

Conceptual Development: A possible precursor ᴱQ. otto- “knock” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√OTO of the same meaning (QL/71). This in turn may have become ᴹQ. tam- “to tap” and ᴹQ. tamba- “to knock, keep on knocking” from The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TAM “knock” (Ety/TAM). Finally there are some roots √TOK and √NOK from 1959-60 notes used of “non-resonant sounds” but with no derivatives (PE17/138).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use the later attested verbs, but I would assume tam- is for a lighter “tap” vs. ton- for a deeper (single) “knock”, whereas tamba- is for repeated knocking or tapping.

tuvu-

verb. to take, to take, [ᴱQ.] require, cost, receive, accept

The verb ᴱQ. tuvu- appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “receive, accept, take, require, cost” under the early root ᴱ√TUVU (QL/96). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon with the gloss “receive”, given as the cognate of G. tû- “receive; take; get; become” (GL/71). The verb appeared in the 1920s Early Qenya Grammar as tuv “receive, take”, with past túvie and present tuve or tue, along with an “impersonal” variant tú (PE14/58).

Similar verb forms ᴹQ. tuvo “take” and túvie “took” appeared in the first version of Quenya Personal Pronouns (QPP1) the late 1940s (PE23/92). The aorist verb form tuvo is peculiar, but it may be in that moment Tolkien imagined this was a u-verb tuvu-, and that the aorist forms of such a u-verb was tuvo < ✱tuvŭ rather than tuvu < ✱tuvū as it was in other documents of this period such as the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 (PE22/114).

QVS also introduced a new meaning for ᴹQ. tuve “finds” (PE22/108 note #50) in that document revised to ᴹQ. kime (PE22/108, 125), but later still Q. utúvienyes “I have found it” appeared in The Lord of the Rings. See those entries for further discussion.

Neo-Quenya: It is possible that tuvu- “take” was displaced by Q. tuv- “find, discover”. However, we have no good Quenya word for “take”, so for purposes of Neo-Quenya I would retain tuvu- “take” as a u-verb, perhaps related somehow to tuv- “find” after considerable semantic drift. I would also retain the earlier meanings “require, cost”, as in tuvus miriani canta “it costs [takes] four mirian [a Gondorian coin]”. For “receive, accept”, I would instead use the later verb cav-.

in

pronoun. that

aiqa

adjective. steep, steep, [ᴱQ.] tall; high, lofty, sublime; chief

manwe

masculine name. on Taniqetil

nyar(a)-

verb. to relate, tell, recite (in sing-song voice), talk

oron

noun. mountain

qetil

noun. tongue, language, talk

thar-

verb. to stand

tol-

verb. to stand

tyav-

verb. to taste

a lámie na b/thenna ye ethequente ‘sie makiletya i keróvie, tuvo te’; ye b ethetúvie

A called to B/him and said to him/B: ‘here is the sword that you lost, take it’; and B/he took it

tinga-

verb. to twang, to twang, *to ping

A verb appearing as tinga- “twang” in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed derived from the onomatopoeic root ᴹ√TING or ᴹ√TANG (Ety/TING). The Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of 1948 instead had tanga- with past forms tange or tangane “twanged”, derived from ᴹ√TAÑ.

Neo-Quenya: In a 2025-01-30 post to the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), Luinyelle suggested this verb might also mean “✱ping” in the modern internet sense, as in tinganel nin “you pinged me”.

támen

adverb. *aiming at that

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. ta “that” and ᴹQ. men- “aim”.

ampana-

verb. to build

A verb for “to build” in the Quenya Verbal System of 1948, attested only in its imperfect passive participle form {ampananta >>} ampanaina “while it was being built” (PE22/108). A longer and better attested verb of the same meaning is ᴹQ. ampanóta-.

atsa

noun. claw, catch, hook

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “catch, hook, claw” derived from the root ᴹ√GAT (Ety/GAT). This root had one other derivative, the verb N. gad- “catch”, so it seems likely that ᴹQ. atsa can refer to any curved, pointy thing for catching or holding, so that “catch” (as a noun) is probably its original sense. In notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s and 40s, however, it was glossed only “claw” (PE22/22, 50), and in the 1940s document its gloss was revised to ᴹQ. atsa “tassel, fryse, fringe” from a distinct root ᴹ√TAS (PE22/50 note #187).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer to use atsa as “claw, catch” and would use ᴹQ. fas for “fringe, tassel”; see that entry for discussion.

helle

noun. sky

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sky” derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL of the same meaning (Ety/ƷEL).

indon

conjunction. as

The correlative ᴹQ. indon “as” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of the relative pronoun ᴹQ. i and the similative suffix ᴹQ. -ndon.

kulo

noun. flame

A word for “flame” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KUL “golden-red”, but this word was deleted (EtyAC/KUL).

landa

noun. plain

A noun for “a plain” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the 1940s derived from ᴹ√LAD “lie flat, be flat” with variants landa and lanna (PE22/126), the latter probably derived from ✱ladna with the voiced stop d becoming a nasal before nasal n. It might simply be the noun form of adjective ᴹQ. landa “wide” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LAD).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the form landa, which appears in an inflected form landannar “to the plains” early in QVS (PE22/125).

lúpe

noun. plume

A noun for “plume” from notes on Qenya Spelling from the 1930s, descriptive of a curved tehta sign but probably inspired by (and still applicable to) the plume feather of a bird (PE22/63).

morko

noun. bear

A noun for “bear” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶morókō under the root ᴹ√MOROK (Ety/MORÓK).

namba

noun. hammer

A noun for “a hammer” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NDAM “hammer, beat” (Ety/NDAM). Tolkien wrote an l/ above this word, possibly indicating a variant form lamba (EtyAC/NDAM). This variant is consistent with the alternate form of the root: ᴹ√DAM (EtyAC/NDAM). I would stick to namba “hammer” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. artan (artam-) or tartan “hammer” (QL/32), the second variant also appearing with a stem form tartam- under the early root ᴱ√TARA(MA) “to batter, thud, beat” (QL/89). Other early “hammer” words include ᴱQ. petl “hammer” under the early root ᴱ√PETE (QL/73) and ᴱQ. tonga “a great hammer” under the early root ᴱ√TOŊO “to hammer” (QL/94).

tupse

noun. thatch

A noun for “thatch” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶tupsē under the root ᴹ√TUP (Ety/TUP).

tussa

noun. bush

A noun for “bush” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶tussā under the root ᴹ√TUS (Ety/TUS).

tó

noun. wool

A noun in The Etymologies of the late 1930s glossed “wool” and derived from the root ᴹ√TOW (Ety/TOW).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s had ᴱQ. oa “wool” under the early root ᴱ√OWO (QL/71). This became ᴱQ. toa in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, cognate to G. tô “wool” from primitive ᴱ✶tou̯ (GL/71). ᴹQ. tó “wool” first appeared in the Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s, but there it was an example of a monosyllable ō-noun derived from -ōʒǝ: ✱tōʒǝ (PE21/40). Compare this to ᴱN. tô “wool, fleece” from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s derived from primitive ᴱ✶togō or ᴱ✶togo (PE13/154, 165).

Possible Etymology: The derivation ᴹ√TOW > ᴹQ. tó in The Etymologies seems to be the result of a sound change whereby stressed ou became ō (vs. unstressed ou becoming ū); this change was mentioned in both the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1940s (PE19/53) and the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s (PE19/106). However, in Tolkien’s later writing, the usual development of ou was to ū even if the syllable was stressed: compare ✶lou > lū and ✶lounē̆ > lūn in notes from the late 1960s (PE17/137).

Neo-Quenya: I would retain tó “wool” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but would assume it is derived from either ✱tō or ✱togō, similar to its derivation from the earlier 1930s. This also makes it easier to retain ᴱN. tô “wool” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

ando lómen

proper name. Door of Night

Name of the “Doors of Night” leading beyond the world in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/237, 241), also appearing as a rejected name in The Etymologies as combination of ando “door” and the genitive of lóme “night” (EtyAC/LOƷ).

hana

noun. post

A word for “post” in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1940s (PE21/33) of unclear derivation, serving as an alternate name for the tengwar halla.

tár

noun. king, lord

tára

adjective. lofty, high

tári

noun. queen

tál

noun. foot; bottom

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

nár(e)

noun. flame

palme

noun. surface

panda

noun. enclosure

yáve

noun. fruit

alda

noun. tree

aldaron

masculine name. Lord of Forests

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

anda

adjective. long

ando

adverb. long

aran

noun. king

engwa

?. [unglossed]

enyáre

adverb. in that day

esse

noun. name

este

feminine name. rest

he

pronoun. they

hyelle

noun. glass

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

intin

pronoun. they (emphatic)

@@@ Regarding -n see “the final -m/n that sometimes appears at the end of object pronouns in pl. and belongs to them, not to the subject.” (PE22/94) as suggested by Aleksandr Zapragajev: gilruin.gitlab.io

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

karpalimaite

noun. [unglossed]

kurwe

noun. craft

káno

noun. chief

lamba

noun. tongue

lasse

noun. leaf

lau(w)e

?. [unglossed]

laure

noun. gold

lav-

verb. to lick

lopo

noun. rabbit

lára

adjective. flat

lóna

adjective. dark

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

mána

adjective. blessed

nandakka-

verb. [unglossed]

nandaro

noun. harper

nande

noun. harp

narwe

noun. sign, token

nerno

?. [unglossed]

neuna

adjective. second, second, *following, next

nolya-

verb. to teach, to teach, *educate, tutor

not-

verb. to reckon

nóte

noun. number

núra

adjective. deep

rampa

?. [unglossed]

saira

adjective. wise

san(an)

adverb. then, at that time mentioned, at that same time

se

pronoun. they

si

pronoun. this

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

séra

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

tenna

noun. a letter

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

ti

pronoun. they

tilion

masculine name. Horned

tinge

noun. twang

toi

pronoun. they

top-

verb. to cover

toróma

noun. [unglossed]

tyel

noun. end

táre

adverb. *that day

tárinar

noun. *alternate name of Valanya

valya-

verb. can

ye

preposition. at

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

-ssa

suffix. *their

a

preposition. [unglossed]

alama

noun. [unglossed]

almárea

adjective. blessed

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

es

[unglossed]

fuine

noun. deep shadow

lamba

noun. hammer

lanna

noun. plain

mahtya

?. [unglossed]

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

niule

?. [unglossed]

rasko

noun. horn

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

teuka

?. [unglossed]

timpana

noun. [unglossed]

toina

adjective. [unglossed]

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

té

noun. path

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

éma

?. [unglossed]

nyûna

adjective. second