tharan

adjective. vigorous

adj. vigorous. >> tharanduil, thranduil

tharan

adjective. vigorous

An adjective for “vigorous” derived from the Sindarin-only root √THAR “vigour” in notes from 1959 (D59), coined by Tolkien to explain the name Thranduil (< th(a)randuil) “Vigorous Spring” (PE17/27, 187).

Derivations

• √THAR “vigour” ✧ PE17/187

Element in

• S. Thranduil “Vigorous Spring” ✧ PE17/027; PE17/187

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√THAR > tharan	[tʰarane] > [θarane] > [θaran]	✧ PE17/187

canad

cardinal. four

canad

cardinal. four

Cognates

• Q. canta “four” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
• T. canat “four” ✧ VT42/24; VT47/41

Derivations

• ✶kanatā “four” ✧ VT42/24
  • √KANAT “four”
• √KANAT “four” ✧ VT47/41

Element in

• ᴺS. canthil “square”
• S. canthui “fourth” ✧ VT42/25

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶kanata > canad	[kanata] > [kanat] > [kanad]	✧ VT42/24
√KENET > cened	[kenet] > [kened]	✧ VT47/41

Variations

• can(ad ✧ PE17/095
• cened ✧ VT47/41

cened

ordinal. four

canath

fourth part

(i ganath, o chanath) (farthing), pl. cenaith (i chenaith). As coin, the fourth part of the more valuable coin called mirian. (PM:45)

gorn

vigorous

gorn (hasty, impetuous); lenited orn; pl. gyrn. Note: a homophone means ”valour”. or

gorn

vigorous

(hasty, impetuous); lenited ’orn; pl. gyrn. Note: a homophone means ”valour”.

canad

cardinal. four

canad;

canad

four

;

cannui

fourth

. The reading in VT42:25  is "canthui", but the phonology presupposed in LotR would require ✱cannui. David Salo regards "canthui" as a dialectal form.