marto

tower

marto (1) noun "tower" (PE17:66)

marto

noun. tower

Cognates

• S. barad “tower, great towering building, tower, great towering building, [N.] fort, fortress” ✧ NM/228; PE17/066

Derivations

• √M(B)ARAT “doom, fate” ✧ NM/228
  • √MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live”
• √BARAT “lofty, high, height combined with strength/size/majesty” ✧ PE17/066
  • √BAR “[ᴹ√] raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√BAR-AT > marto	[mbarto] > [marto]	✧ PE17/066

tarminas

tower

tarminas noun "tower" etc. (Sindarin barad); see taras (PE17:22)

turco

tower

turco ("k") (2) noun "tower". In Lúnaturco, Quenya name of Barad-dûr (Dark Tower). Tolkien changed the word turco from turma (PE17:22).

turma

tower

[turma] (2) noun "tower". Tolkien changed this word to turco (#2), q.v. (PE17:22)

tirion

noun. watch-tower, watch-tower, tower, [ᴱQ.] (great or mighty) tower; city on a hill

Element in

• Q. Tirion “Great Watch-tower” ✧ RGEO/65

Variations

• Tirion ✧ RGEO/65

mindon

noun. (lofty) tower, (lofty or isolated) tower; [ᴱQ.] turret

Derivations

• √MIN “one, first of a series, one, first of a series; [ᴹ√] stand alone, stick out” ✧ VT42/24

Element in

• Q. Ardamin “*World Tower”
• Q. atalantëa mindonnar “upon fallen towers” ✧ MC/222; MC/222; MC/222
• Q. Calmindon “Light-tower” ✧ UT/182
• Q. Mindon Eldaliéva “Lofty Tower of the Eldalië” ✧ SI/Mindon Eldaliéva

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√MIN > mindon	[mindon]	✧ VT42/24

Variations

• Mindon ✧ SI/Mindon Eldaliéva

ostirion

fort

ostirion noun "fort" (TI:423)

tirion

watch-tower, tower

tirion noun "watch-tower, tower" (TIR); in early "Qenya" the gloss was "a mighty tower, a city on a hill" (LT1:258). Tirion "Great Watchtower", a city of the Elves in the Blessed Realm (SA:tir; in MR:176 the translation is "Watchful City")

taras

noun. a great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower, great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower; [ᴹQ.] mount, hill

Element in

• Q. Taras Lúna “*Dark Tower” ✧ PE17/022

Elements

Word	Gloss
tára	“lofty, tall, high”

tundo

hill, mound

tundo noun "hill, mound" (TUN)

mindë

turret

mindë noun "turret" (VT42:24)

mindë

noun. turret

Derivations

• √MIN “one, first of a series, one, first of a series; [ᴹ√] stand alone, stick out” ✧ VT42/24

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√MIN > minde	[minde]	✧ VT42/24

Variations

• minde ✧ VT42/24

tarminas

noun. great towering building (fort/city/castle), tower

Elements

Word	Gloss
tar-	“high, high; [ᴹQ.] king or queen (in compounds)”
minassë	“fort, city (with a citadel and central watch tower)”

ambo

hill, rising ground

ambo noun "hill, rising ground" (Markirya, PE17:92), "mount" (PE17:157), allative pl. ambonnar "upon hills" in Markirya (ruxal' ambonnar "upon crumbling hills") According to VT45:5, ambo was added to the Etymologies as a marginal note.

arta

fort, fortress

arta (2) noun "fort, fortress" (GARAT under 3AR)

umbo

hill, lump, clump, mass

umbo, umbon noun "hill, lump, clump, mass" (PE17:93)

Túna

hill, mound

Túna (also Tún) place-name, used of the hill on which Tirion was built (Silm, TUN, KOR), derived from a stem (TUN) apparently meaning simply *"hill, mound".

ambona

noun. hill

minassë

fort, city, with a citadel and central watch-tower

minassë noun "fort, city, with a citadel and central watch-tower" (VT42:24)

amun

hill

amun (amund-) noun "hill" (LT2:335; in Tolkien's later Quenya ambo)

barad

tower

1b n. tower.

barad

tower

1c n. tower. Q. marto.

minas

noun. tower

barad

noun. tower, fortress

barad

noun. tower, great towering building, tower, great towering building, [N.] fort, fortress

Cognates

• Q. marto “tower” ✧ NM/228; PE17/066

Derivations

• √M(B)ARAT “doom, fate” ✧ NM/228
  • √MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live”
• √BARAT “lofty, high, height combined with strength/size/majesty” ✧ PE17/022; PE17/065; PE17/066
  • √BAR “[ᴹ√] raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”

Element in

• S. Barad-dûr “Dark Tower” ✧ PE17/022; PE17/085; RC/274; SA/barad
• S. Barad Eithel “Tower of the Well” ✧ SA/barad
• S. Barad Nimras “White Horn Tower” ✧ SA/barad
• S. Emyn Beraid “Tower Hills” ✧ LotR/1097; SA/barad
• S. Gilbarad
• S. Halbarad

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√BARAT > barad	[barata] > [barat] > [barad]	✧ PE17/022
√BARAT > barad	[barata] > [barat] > [barad]	✧ PE17/065
√BAR-AT > barad	[barata] > [barat] > [barad]	✧ PE17/066

amon

noun. hill, steep-sided mount

amon

hill

pl1. emyn n. hill, lump, clump, mass, often applied to (esp. isolated) mountains. Q. umbo(n). FAmon Amarth

minas

noun. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower

minas

noun. tower, fort, city (with a citadel and central watch tower)

Cognates

• Q. minassë “fort, city (with a citadel and central watch tower)” ✧ VT42/24

Derivations

• √MIN “one, first of a series, one, first of a series; [ᴹ√] stand alone, stick out” ✧ VT42/24

Element in

• S. Annúminas “Tower of the West” ✧ SA/minas
• S. Arminas “?Noble Tower”
• S. Minas Anor “Tower of the (Setting) Sun” ✧ SA/minas
• S. Minas Ithil “Tower of the (Rising) Moon”
• S. Minas Morgul “Tower of Sorcery”
• S. Minas Tirith “Tower of Guard, Tower of Watch” ✧ SA/minas
• N. Minas Tirith “Tower of Guard”
• S. Mindolluin “Towering Blue-head”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√MIN > minas	[minasse] > [minass] > [minas]	✧ VT42/24

barad

tower

1) barad (fortress, fort) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations. 2) (tower or city with citadel/central watchtower) minas (i vinas), pl. minais (i minais), coll. pl. minassath

barad

tower

(fortress, fort) (i varad), pl. beraid (i meraid). Note: barad is also an adjective "doomed", but this is derived from a stem in mb- and would have different mutations.

minas

tower

(i vinas), pl. minais (i minais), coll. pl. minassath

cîl

pass between hills

(i gîl, o chîl) (cleft, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. . A homophone means ”renewal”.

amon

hill

1) amon (pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount), 2) dôl (i dhôl, construct dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i nôl, pl. i ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n if the former derivation had been maintained). 3) tund (i dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.

amon

hill

(pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount)

tund

hill

(i** dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i** thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.

dôl

hill

(i** dhôl, construct **dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i** nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i** nôl, pl. i** ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n** if the former derivation had been maintained).

ambō

noun. hill

Derivations

• √AM “go up, go up, [ᴹ√] up”

Derivatives

• Q. ambo “hill, rising ground, mount” ✧ PE17/092

mindon

noun. tower

minnas

noun. tower

minnas

noun. tower

Cognates

• ᴹQ. mindon “(isolated) tower” ✧ Ety/MINI

Derivations

• ᴹ√MIN “stand alone, stick out” ✧ Ety/MINI

Element in

• N. Minas Anor “Tower of the Sun”
• N. Minas Ithil “Tower of the Moon”
• N. Minas Morgol “Tower of Sorcery”
• N. Minnastirith “Watchtower”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MINI > minnas	[mindasse] > [mindass] > [minnass] > [minnas]	✧ Ety/MINI

tirion

noun. tower

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tirion “watch-tower, tower”

Element in

• N. Luindirien “Blue Towers” ✧ Ety/LUG²

barad

noun. tower, fortress

barad

noun. fort, tower, fortress

Derivations

• ᴹ√BARAT “*tower” ✧ Ety/BARAT
  • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”

Element in

• N. Barad-dûr “Dark Tower”
• N. Bered Ondrath “*Towers of the Stone Road” ✧ WR/340
• N. Tol Varad “Defended Isle” ✧ WR/326
• N. Barad Amroth “Castle Amroth”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√BARAT > barad	[barata] > [barat] > [barad]	✧ Ety/BARAT

Variations

• barad ✧ Ety/BARAT; EtyAC/BARAT

amon

noun. hill, steep-sided mount

amon

noun. hill

Cognates

• ᴹQ. ambo “hill” ✧ Ety/AM²

Derivations

• ᴹ√AM “up” ✧ Ety/AM²

Element in

• N. Amon Thorn
• N. Amon Ereb “Lonely Hill”
• N. Amon Gwareth “Hill of Watch”
• N. Amon Hen
• N. Amon Lhaw
• N. Amon Uilos
• N. Emyn Arnen
• N. Haramon
• N. Emyn Rhain “Border Hills” ✧ TI/313
• N. Amon Dengin “Hill of Slain”
• N. Methen Amon

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√AM² > amon	[ambon] > [ambon] > [ammon] > [amon]	✧ Ety/AM²
ᴹ√AM² > emuin > emyn	[amboni] > [ambuni] > [embyni] > [embyn] > [embyn] > [emmyn] > [emyn]	✧ Ety/AM²

tund

noun. hill, mound

tunn

noun. hill, mound

garth

noun. fort, fortress

minnas

noun. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower

mindon

noun. isolated hill, especially a hill with a watch tower

mindon

noun. tower, isolated hill (especially a hill with a watchtower)

Cognates

• ᴹQ. mindon “(isolated) tower” ✧ Ety/MINI

Derivations

• ᴹ✶minitunda “isolated hill, tower” ✧ Ety/MINI; Ety/TUN

Element in

• N. Inglormindon
• N. Mindor Uilas “*Isolated Mountain of Ever-leaf”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶minitunda > mindon	[minitunda] > [minitonda] > [minitond] > [minidond] > [mindond] > [mindonn] > [mindon]	✧ Ety/TUN