Noldorin
amon
noun. hill, steep-sided mount
amon
noun. hill
Cognates
- ᴹQ. ambo “hill” ✧ Ety/AM²
Derivations
- ᴹ√AM “up” ✧ Ety/AM²
Element in
- N. Amon Thorn
- N. Amon Ereb “Lonely Hill”
- N. Amon Gwareth “Hill of Watch”
- N. Amon Hen
- N. Amon Lhaw
- N. Amon Uilos
- N. Emyn Arnen
- N. Haramon
- N. Emyn Rhain “Border Hills” ✧ TI/313
- N. Amon Dengin “Hill of Slain”
- N. Methen Amon
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√AM² > amon [ambon] > [ambon] > [ammon] > [amon] ✧ Ety/AM² ᴹ√AM² > emuin > emyn [amboni] > [ambuni] > [embyni] > [embyn] > [embyn] > [emmyn] > [emyn] ✧ Ety/AM²
amben
adverb. uphill, sloping upwards
amben
adjective. uphill, uphill; [ᴱN.] arduous, difficult, tiresome
Cognates
- ᴹQ. am(ba)penda “uphill, uphill, *sloping up; [ᴱQ.] arduous, difficult, tiresome” ✧ Ety/AM²
- ᴹQ. ampende “upward slope” ✧ Ety/PEN
Elements
Word Gloss am “up” penn “declivity” Variations
- am-bend ✧ Ety/AM²
- amdenn ✧ Ety/DEN (
amdenn)- ambenn ✧ Ety/PEN
ambend
adverb. uphill, sloping upwards
ambend
adverb. uphill
ambenn
adverb. uphill, sloping upwards
ambenn
adverb. uphill
mindon
noun. isolated hill, especially a hill with a watch tower
mindon
noun. tower
orod
noun. mountain
orod
noun. mountain
Cognates
- ᴹQ. oron “mountain” ✧ Ety/ÓROT
Derivations
Element in
- N. Erebor “Lonely Mountain”
- N. Ered-engrin “Iron Mountains” ✧ Ety/ÓROT
- N. Ered Orgoroth “Mountains of Terror” ✧ LR/298
- N. Eredlemrin “Echoing Mountains” ✧ Ety/ÓROT
- N. Eredlindon “Mountains of Lindon, (earlier) Blue Mountains” ✧ Ety/ÓROT
- N. Eredlithui “Ash Mountains”
- N. Eredlómin “Echoing Mountains”
- N. Eryd-Lómin “Mountains of Shadow”
- N. Eredluin “Blue Mountains” ✧ Ety/LUG²
- N. Ered Nimras “White Mountains”
- N. Eredfain
- N. Ered Nimrath “White Mountains”
- N. Eredvyrn “Black Mountains” ✧ TI/124
- N. Eredwethion “Shadowy Mountains” ✧ Ety/ÓROT; PE22/041; PE22/041
- N. Eredhithui “Misty Mountains” ✧ TI/124
- N. Lhúnorodrim “Blue Mountains” ✧ Ety/LUG²
- N. Mindor Uilas “*Isolated Mountain of Ever-leaf”
- N. Orodlin
- N. Orod Thuin ✧ TI/420
- N. Orodras
- N. Orodreth ✧ Ety/ÓROT
- N. Orodruin “Mountain of Fire” ✧ TI/028
- N. Orthanc “Mount Fang”
- N. Thangorodrim “Mountains of Duress” ✧ Ety/STAG
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources On. oroto > orod [oroto] > [orot] > [orod] ✧ Ety/ÓROT On. oroti > ereid > ered [oroti] > [œrœti] > [œrœit] > [œrœid] > [ereid] > [ered] ✧ Ety/ÓROT N. œrœid > ered [oroti] > [œrœti] > [œrœit] > [œrœid] > [ereid] > [ered] ✧ PE22/041 Variations
- Orod ✧ TI/420 (Orod)
tund
noun. hill, mound
tunn
noun. hill, mound
menniath
noun. range of mountains
orodrim
noun. range of mountains
oegas
noun. mountain peak
menniath
noun. many points
oeglir
noun. range of mountain peaks
An adjective (and adverb?) for “uphill” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, a combination of am “up” and N. penn “declivity, ✱slope” (Ety/PEN). It was contrasted with N. dadben “downhill, inclined, prone” (Ety/AM², PEN).
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies it first appeared as N. amdenn, a derivative of ᴹ√DEN “hillside, slope”, but the meaning of this root was change to ᴹ√DEN “hole; gap, passage” (Ety/DEN), after which the form amben < ᴹ√PEN(ED) was introduced (see above). The earliest appearance of this word was in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s where it was ᴱN. amvenn “uphill; arduous, difficult, tiresome”, marked as both an adjective and adverb, along with a noun variant ᴱN. amvinn “slope, incline, hillside” (PE13/139, 159-160). This early Noldorin form was a combination of ᴱN. am “up” and ᴱN. benn “sloping”.
Neo-Sindarin: Given its Early Noldorin use for “arduous, difficult, tiresome”, amben might be used colloquially in Neo-Sindarin with a similar sense for a thing that is difficult, analogous to English usages like an “uphill battle”: dagor amben.