Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
yulma
noun. brand
Cognates
- N. iolf “brand” ✧ Ety/YUL
Derivations
- ᴹ√YUL “smoulder” ✧ Ety/YUL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√YUL > yulma [julma] ✧ Ety/YUL
sungwa
noun. drinking-vessel
A noun for “drinking-vessel” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from ᴹ✶sukmā under the root ᴹ√SUK “drink” (Ety/SUK).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to later Q. yulma “cup, drinking vessel” to avoid dealing with changes to the phonetic rules whereby km > gm > ngw that Tolkien made in the 1950s.
Cognates
- Ilk. saum “drinking-vessel” ✧ Ety/SUK
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶sukmā > sungwa [sukmā] > [sugmā] > [suŋmā] > [suŋgwā] > [suŋgwa] ✧ Ety/SUK
A noun for “brand” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√YUL “smoulder” (Ety/YUL; EtyAC/YUL). It conflicts with the later word Q. yulma “cup”.