-ië (2) abstract ending, often used to derive abstracts from adjectives, e.g. látië "openness" vs. láta "open", mornië "darkness" vs. morna "black, dark", vanië (for *vanyië) "beauty" vs. vanya "fair".
Quenya
-ië
suffix. abstract noun, adverb
-ië
suffix. gerund suffix, -ing
-ië
general infinitive
-ië
openness
-ië
suffix. is
-ië (3) "is", -ier "are", stative verb suffix occurring in Fíriel's Song: númessier "they are in the west", meldielto "they are...beloved", talantië "he is fallen", márië "it is good" (< *númessë "in the west", melda "beloved", *talanta "fallen"); future tense -iéva in hostainiéva "will be gathered" (< *hostaina "gathered"). Compare ye "is", yéva "will be", verbs that also occur in Fíriel's Song. This suffix is probably not valid in LotR-style Quenya: -ië is an infinitival or gerundial ending in CO, for ye "is" Namárië has ná, and the phrase "lost is" is vanwa ná, not *vanwië.
-ië
suffix. perfect suffix
ie
gerund noun. existence
-lë
suffix. abstract noun, adverb
-më
suffix. abstract noun
-rë
suffix. abstract noun
-ssë
suffix. abstract noun
-vë
suffix. abstract noun, adverb
látie
noun. openness
A noun for “openness” appearing in the Ósanwe-kenta essay from 1959-60 based on láta “open” (VT39/23).
látië
openness
látië noun "openness" (VT39:23)
ná
is
ná (1) vb. "is" (am). (Nam, RGEO:67). This is the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns "in statements (or wishes) asserting (or desiring) a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another" (VT49:28). Also in impersonal constructions: ringa ná "it is cold" (VT49:23). The copula may however be omitted "where the meaning is clear" without it (VT49:9). Ná is also used as an interjection "yes" or "it is so" (VT49:28). Short na in airë [] na, "[] is holy" (VT43:14; some subject can evidently be inserted in the place of [].) Short na also functions as imperative: alcar mi tarmenel na Erun "glory in high heaven be to God" (VT44:32/34), also na airë "be holy" (VT43:14); also cf. nai "be it that" (see nai #1). The imperative participle á may be prefixed (á na, PE17:58). However, VT49:28 cites ná as the imperative form. Pl. nar or nár "are" (PE15:36, VT49:27, 9, 30); dual nát (VT49:30). With pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë "I am", nalyë or natyë "you (sg.) are" (polite and familiar, respectively), nás "it is", násë "(s)he is", nalmë "we are" (VT49:27, 30). Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps to be taken as representing the aorist: nain, naityë, nailyë (1st person sg, and 2nd person familiar/polite, respectively); does a following na represent the aorist with no pronominal ending? However, the forms nanyë, nalyë, ná, nassë, nalme, nar (changed from nár) are elsewhere said to be "aorist", without the extra vowel i (e.g. nalyë rather than nailyë); also notice that *"(s)he is" is here nassë rather than násë (VT49:30).Pa.t. nánë or né "was", pl. náner/nér and dual nét "were" (VT49:6, 9, 10, 27, 28, 30, 36). According to VT49:31, né "was" cannot receive pronominal endings (though nésë "he was" is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29), and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen "I was", anel "you were", anes "(s)he/it was" (VT49:28-29). Future tense nauva "will be" (VT42:34, VT49:19, 27; another version however gives the future tense as uva, VT49:30). Nauva with a pronominal ending occurs in tanomë nauvan "I will be there" (VT49:19), this example indicating that forms of the verb ná may also be used to indicate position. Perfect anaië "has been" (VT49:27, first written as anáyë). Infinitive (or gerund) návë "being", PE17:68. See also nai #1.
orta-
verb. to raise, lift (up), (lit.) cause to rise
A well-attested verb for “to raise, lift (up)”. It was one of Tolkien’s favorite example for causative verbs, as a combination of √OR “rise, up” with the causative suffix ✶-tā, so more literally “cause to rise” (PE17/70). Tolkien used it as an example of the conjugation of this class of verbs in several places (PE17/77; PE22/117, 157, 159, 164), consistently with a weak past ortane as in the Namárië poem (LotR/377).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had a similar verb ᴱQ. orto- “raise” under the early root ᴱ√ORO, but in that document its past form was oronte (QL/70). At various points in Tolkien’s later writings, he indicated orta- “raise” was blended with an intransitive ta-causative verb orta- “rise”, which had a half-strong past oronte “arose” (Ety/ORO; PE22/159, 164).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer to use the more distinctive verb orya- for intransitive “rise”, and use orta- only for transitive “raise”. However, using orta- for both “raise” and “rise” is popular among many Neo-Quenya writers. See the entry on orta- “rise” for discussion.
ye
is
ye (2) copula "is" (FS, VT46:22); both earlier and later sources rather point to ná (q.v.) as the copula "is", so ye may have been an experiment Tolkien later abandoned. Future tense yéva, q.v.
úyë
is
úyë vb., a form occurring in Fíriel's Song (cf. VT46:22), apparently ye "is" with the negative prefix ú-, hence "is not" (úyë sérë indo-ninya símen, translated "my hearth resteth not here", literally evidently *"[there] is not rest [for] my heart here")
-ië (1) infinitive (or gerundial) ending, "general infinitive" (PE17:68), attested in carië (see car-), enyalië, q.v. (CO)