tul-

come

tul- vb. "come" (WJ:368), 1st pers. aorist tulin "I come" (TUL), 3rd pers. sg. tulis "(s)he comes" (VT49:19), perfect utúlië "has come" (utúlien "I am come", EO), utúlie'n aurë "Day has come" (the function of the 'n is unclear; it may be a variant of the article "the", hence literally "the Day has come"). Past tense túlë "came" in LR:47 and SD:246, though an alternative form *tullë has also been theorized. Túlë in VT43:14 seems to be an abnormal aorist stem, later abandoned; tula in the same source would be an imperative. Prefixed future tense entuluva "shall come again" in the Silmarillion, future tuluva also in the phrase aranielya na tuluva* "may thy kingdom come" (VT44:32/34), literally apparently "thy kingdom, be-it-that (it) will come". In early "Qenya" we have the perfects tulielto "they have come" (LT1:114, 270, VT49:57) and tulier "have come", pl., in the phrase I·Eldar tulier "the Eldar have come"(LT1:114, 270). Read probably utúlieltë, Eldar utúlier** in LotR-style Quenya.

tul-

verb. come

tul-

verb. to come, to come, [ᴱQ.] move (intr.); to bring, carry, fetch; to produce, bear fruit

Derivations

• √TUL “come, approach, move towards (point of speaker), come, approach, [ᴹ√] move towards (point of speaker); [ᴱ√] fetch, bear, bring; (originally) uphold, support, bear, carry”

Element in

• Q. [[q|[?it/itē] kestallen, tuluvanye]] “if you ask me, I shall come” ✧ PE22/138
• Q. (ai)que kestanellen, (ai) tullenye “if you had asked me, I should have come” ✧ PE22/139 ({(au)que >>} (ai)que kestanellen, (ai) tullenye)
• Q. [[q|aite[?] kestuvallen, tuluvanye]] “now supposing you asked me, a thing unlikely {or ridiculous} to suppose...” ✧ PE22/138
• Q. ai tulinye sinar (entan) “I may come today (tomorrow)” ✧ PE22/139 (ai tulinye sinar (entan))
• Q. ai tuluvanye “I may come” ✧ PE22/138 (ai tuluvanye)
• Q. aiya Eldalië ar Atanatári, utúlie’n aurë “Behold, people of the Eldar and Fathers of Men, the day has come!” ✧ S/190; WJ/166
• Q. aranielya na tuluva “thy kingdom come” ✧ VT43/14; VT43/14; VT43/14; VT43/14
• Q. á tule “do come!” ✧ PE22/140
• Q. au túlielde (las)! “if only you had come (were here)” ✧ PE22/140
• Q. au tuluvanye “I wish/would I were coming” ✧ PE22/138 (au tuluvanye)
• Q. cé tulis, ní nauva tanomë “*if he/she comes, I will be there” ✧ VT49/19
• Q. cé tulis, tanomë nauvan “*if he/she comes, I will be there” ✧ VT49/19
• Q. entul- “to come again, *return”
• Q. et Eärello Endorenna utúlien “Out of the Great Sea to Middle-earth I am come” ✧ LotR/0967; PE17/103
• ᴺQ. etulya- “to pour forth, pour out”
• Q. hótul- “to come away” ✧ WJ/368
• Q. itas la tuluvanyë “in that case I shan’t come (something will prevent me)” ✧ PE22/162
• Q. itas vá tuluvanyë “in that case I won’t come” ✧ PE22/162
• ᴺQ. maitulië “welcome thing, happy arrival”
• ᴺQ. maitulya “welcome”
• Q. alatulya “welcome”
• Q. nauva túlë “he will try to come” ✧ PE22/151
• Q. quenten tulil márië nin “I said: you come happily (for me)” ✧ PE22/158
• Q. quīlas tūleste san inye tūle “*suppose he came (he did not), then I came” ✧ PE22/140; PE22/140
• Q. quíta céla tuldes, quíta ✧ PE22/158
• Q. quí(ta) la tuldes, nánë márië (nin) “[if he had not come], it was well to me (I was glad)” ✧ PE22/158
• ᴺQ. túlima “[ᴱQ.] bringable, worth bringing, able to be brought”
• ᴺQ. tulussë “future tense, (lit.) coming tense”
• Q. tulusta “advent, arrival”
• Q. tulya- “to lead, to lead; [ᴱQ.] to bring, send”
• Q. utúlie’n aurë “The day has come!” ✧ S/190; WJ/166
• Q. vá tulinye ✧ PE22/162
• Q. vá tuluvanyë “I won’t come” ✧ PE22/162
• Q. vá tuluvásë “he is not to come, he shan’t come” ✧ PE22/162
• ᴺQ. etetulië “outcome”

Variations

• Utúlie ✧ S/190
• utúlie ✧ S/190
• tul ✧ VT49/23

lenna-

verb. to come, to come; [ᴹQ.] to go, depart

Cognates

• S. glenna- “*to travel”

Derivations

• √LED “go, proceed, go, proceed, [ᴹ√] fare, travel” ✧ PE17/139

Element in

• Q. i·oromandi tanna lendë “*the wood-spirits came thither” ✧ PE16/096
• Q. lendes lann’ i sír “he came (to a point) beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
• Q. lendes pallan(na) i sír “he came (to a point) far beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
• Q. lendë tanna Nieliccilis “*thither came little Niéle” ✧ PE16/096

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√LED > (e)lende	[lende]	✧ PE17/139

tol-

verb. to come

Derivations

• √TUL “come, approach, move towards (point of speaker), come, approach, [ᴹ√] move towards (point of speaker); [ᴱ√] fetch, bear, bring; (originally) uphold, support, bear, carry”

Element in

• S. dandol- “to return, come back”
• ᴺS. maedol “welcome”
• ᴺS. ordolel “tomorrow”
• ᴺS. ostol- “to circumnavigate, come around”
• S. rhudol “unwelcome, coming with evil omen or intent”
• S. tôl acharn “vengeance comes” ✧ PE17/166; WJ/254; WJ/301
• ᴺS. toled “coming, arrival”
• S. tolen cared “I am coming, drawing near to eating [doing], I am going to eat/shall eat [do]” ✧ PE22/168
• S. tolo i arnad lín “thy kingdom come” ✧ VT44/25
• ᴺS. túliel “come, arrived”

tolo

verb. come!

tol

come

tol- (i dôl, i thelir). The present tense tôl is attested (WJ:254). MAKE COME, see FETCH

tol

come

(i dôl, i thelir). The present tense tôl is attested (WJ:254).

nakh-

verb. to come

A verb translated in the past tense as “came” (SD/247, 311), so probably meaning “to come”. Like kalab-, this is one of the few Adûnaic verbs attested in more than one conjugation. As such, it is useful in the study of Adûnaic verbs, in this case biconsonantal-verbs as opposed to triconsonantal kalab-.

It is attested in two forms, unakkha “he-came” and yanākhim “are at hand”. The initial elements in these forms are the 3rd-sg masculine pronominal prefix u- and the 3rd-pl neuter pronominal prefix ya-, respectively, while the latter form has the plural verbal suffix -m. Removing these elements leaves the conjugated forms nakkha and nākhi, which are the past and continuative-present tenses according to the theories used here. If the second form is the continuative-present, its literal meaning may be “are coming”.

Conceptual Development: In the draft version of the Lament of Akallabêth, this verb stem was apparently nek-, with past forms hunekkū >> unekkū “he-came”, with Tolkien vacillating on the proper form of the 3rd-sg masculine pronominal prefix u-.

Derivations

• √Ad. NAKH “come, approach”

Element in

• Ad. kadô Zigûrun zabathân unakkha “and so [Sauron] he came humbled” ✧ SD/247
• Ad. Kadō zigūrun zabathān {hunekkū >>} unekkū “and so ‽ humbled he-came” ✧ SD/311
• Ad. narîka ’nBâri ’nAdûn yanâkhim “The Eagles of the Lords of the West are at hand” ✧ SD/251

tul

root. come, approach, move towards (point of speaker), come, approach, [ᴹ√] move towards (point of speaker); [ᴱ√] fetch, bear, bring; (originally) uphold, support, bear, carry

The root √TUL was used for Elvish words having to do with motion towards a speaker for much of Tolkien’s life, but the precise meaning evolved over time. The earliest appearance of this root was as ᴱ√TULU “fetch, bear, bring; move, come”, but with an original sense = “uphold, support, bear, carry” (QL/95). It had a derived verb ᴱQ. tulu- matching the verbal sense of the root along with an added sense “produce, bear fruit”, but it had other derivatives like ᴱQ. tulma “bier, tray” and ᴱQ. tulwe “tall thin pillar, standard, pole; banner” connected to the older “support” sense of the root. It had a similar divergence of meaning in its derivatives from the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, such as G. taul “a pillar” vs. G. tul- “bring; come to” (GL/69, 71). This 1910s root ᴱ√TULU may also have been connected to ᴱ√TḶPḶ which likewise had derivatives having to do with “support” (QL/93).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root ᴹ√TUL had the gloss “come, approach, move towards (point of speaker)” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tul-/N. tol- “come” and ᴹQ. tulta-/N. toltha- “send for, fetch, summon” = “(orig.) make come” (Ety/TUL); in the 1930s the “support” words seem to have been transferred to (probably unrelated) ᴹ√TULUK. √TUL “come” was mentioned regularly in Tolkien’s later writings (PE22/103; PE17/188; PE22/156), in one 1969 note with the extra gloss “approach” (PE22/168), so the 1930s senses for the root seem to have been retained thereafter.

Derivatives

• ✶tultā- “to make come, fetch, send (from point of view of receiver)” ✧ PE22/156; PE22/157
  • Q. tulta- “to send (from point of view of receiver), to send (from point of view of receiver), [ᴹQ.] to send for, send hither, fetch, summon, (lit.) cause to come” ✧ PE22/156; PE22/164
• ✶tulyā- “to cause to come, send for, fetch, summon”
  • Q. tulya- “to lead, to lead; [ᴱQ.] to bring, send”
• Q. tul- “to come, to come, [ᴱQ.] move (intr.); to bring, carry, fetch; to produce, bear fruit”
• ᴺQ. tulya “coming, approaching, future”
• S. tol- “to come”

tul-

verb. come, is coming, has come, is here

Element in

• ✶le tulir “come ye!” ✧ PE22/140
• ✶lḗ tuli, tuli lḗ, āle tuli! “come (you)!, now you, come!” ✧ PE22/140; PE22/140; PE22/140
• ✶sē tuli, tuli sḗ, āse tuli! “let him come! etc.” ✧ PE22/140; PE22/140; PE22/140

tol-

verb. to come

tol-

verb. to come

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tul- “to come” ✧ Ety/TUL

Derivations

• On. tul- “should have done it, if ..., should have done it”
  • ᴹ√TUL “come, approach, move towards (point of speaker)”
• ᴹ√TUL “come, approach, move towards (point of speaker)” ✧ Ety/TUL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√TUL > tôl	[tul-] > [tol-]	✧ Ety/TUL

tog-

verb. to bring

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tuk- “to draw, *pull (behind)” ✧ Ety/TUK

Derivations

• ᴹ√TUK “draw, bring” ✧ Ety/TUK

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√TUK > tôg	[tuk-] > [tok-] > [tog-]	✧ Ety/TUK

Variations

• tegi ✧ EtyAC/TUK