harma (1) noun "treasure, a treasured thing" (3AR), also name of tengwa #11, later (MET) called aha (Appendix E).
Quenya
aha
rage
aha
noun. rage
Cognates
- ᴺS. achas “dread, fear”
harma
treasure, a treasured thing
harma
noun. treasure, treasure, [ᴹQ.] treasured thing
Derivations
- ᴹ√ƷAR “have, hold”
Element in
- ᴺQ. sundoharmar “capital [funds], (lit.) base treasures”
harwë
treasure, treasury
harwë (2) noun "treasure, treasury" (3AR)(For clarity, harma may be used for "treasure")
ista
verb. know
ursa
rage
ursa (þ) noun "rage" (PE17:188)
ursa
noun. rage
Cognates
- S. oroth “rage, anger” ✧ PE17/188
Derivations
- √RUTH “anger, rage, wrath” ✧ PE17/188
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √(U)RUÞ > ursa [urtʰa] > [urθa] > [ursa] ✧ PE17/188
hísë
mist, fog
hísë (þ) (stem #hísi- because of the primitive form ¤khīthi, cf. hísilanya, Hísilómë) (1) noun "mist, fog" (KHIS/KHITH). According to VT45:22, hísë is also the name of Tengwa #11 in the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, but Tolkien would later call #11 harma/aha instead.
hísë
noun. mist, mist, [ᴹQ.] fog, [ᴱQ.] haze; dusk; bleared
A word for “mist” appearing as an element in several names. It is not directly attested in Tolkien’s later writings, but ᴹQ. híse “mist, fog” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶khīthi, indicating a stem form of hísi- [†híþi-] (Ety/KHIS). Its continued appearance in words like Q. Hísilómë “Land of Mist” (S/118) and Q. hísilanya “mist thread” (PE17/60) indicates its ongoing validity.
Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. hīse appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√HISI alongside a variant ᴱQ. histe, but there it was glossed “dusk” (QL/40). In drafts of the Oilima Markirya written circa 1930 it was glossed “haze” (PE16/62) or “mist” (PE16/75; MC/221), but in the final 1931 iteration of the poem it appeared only in the very-loosely translated phrase ᴱQ. úri nienaite híse “a bleared sun”, perhaps literally “✱sun [with a] tearful mist” (MC/214). In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s it was “mist” (PE21/32) and in The Etymologies of the late 1930s “mist, fog” as noted above, so Tolkien seems to have stuck with the meaning “mist” thereafter.
Cognates
- S. hîth “mist”
Derivations
- √KHITH “mist, mist, [ᴹ√] fog”
Element in
ista-
know
ista- (2) vb. "know", pa.t. sintë (IS, LT2:339, VT48:25). This past tense Tolkien called "certainly irregular" (VT48:25, where an alternative pa.t. isintë is also mentioned, but sintë is said to be the older form; compare editorial notes in VT48:32. Ista- is also used for "can" in the sense of "know how to", as in istan quetë "I can speak (because I have learned (a) language)" (VT41:6) Passive participle sinwa "known, certain, ascertained" (VT49:68)
hísië
mist, mistiness
hísië (þ) noun "mist, mistiness" (Nam, SA:hîth, PE17:73), also hísë.
aha noun "rage", also name of tengwa #11, earlier called harma (Appendix E)