Carnistir

red-face

Carnistir masc. name "red-face", mother-name (never used in narrative) of Morifinwë = Caranthir (PM:353)

carnistir

masculine name. Red-face

The mother-name of S. Caranthir, from which his Sindarin name was derived (PM/353). It is a compound of carnë (carni-) “red” and the primitive form stīrē “face” (VT41/10). In other writings Tolkien gave the words anta or cendelë for “face”.

Conceptual Development: Tolkien also briefly considered the form Carastir in a marginal note (VT41/10).

Cognates

• S. Caranthir “Red-face” ✧ PM/353; PMI/Caranthir

Derivations

• ✶Karani-stīrē

Variations

• Carastir ✧ VT41/10 (Carastir)

carnë

red

carnë adj. "red", "scarlet, red" (SA:caran, PE17:154, MC:214, KARÁN - spelt with a k in the two latter sources), not to be confused with the past tense of car- "do, make". Stem carni- as in Carnimírië, Carnistir.

aira

red, copper-coloured, ruddy

aira (1) adj. "red, copper-coloured, ruddy" (GAY)

carne (carni-)

adjective. red

nasar

red

nasar adj. "red" (in Vanyarin Quenya only). Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)

caranthir

masculine name. Red-face

Fourth son of Fëanor, called “the Dark” (S/60). His name is a combination of caran “red” and thîr “face” (VT41/10), an adaptation of his mother name Q. Carnistir “Red-face” (PM/353).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, his name was ᴱN. Cranthor (LT2/241). Tolkien change his name to Cranthir in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (LB/80) and this was also his name in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/223). N. Cranthir appeared in The Etymologies with the translation “Ruddy-face” (Ety/KARÁN, THĒ), already with essentially the same etymology as its final version.

In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, Tolkien vacillated between Cranthir and Caranthir, ultimately settling on the latter (WJ/115).

Changes

• Cranthir → Caranthir ✧ MR/128
• Caranthir → Cranthir ✧ WJ/115

Cognates

• Q. Carnistir “Red-face” ✧ PM/353; PMI/Caranthir

Derivations

• ✶Karani-stīrē ✧ VT41/10

Element in

• S. Dor Caranthir “Land of Caranthir”

Elements

Word	Gloss
caran	“red”
thîr	“face, face, [N.] look, expression, countenance”

Variations

• Cranthir ✧ MR/128 (Cranthir); WJ/115
• Carathir ✧ WJI/Caranthir

caran

adjective. red

caran

red

_ adj. _red, ruddy. >> Caradhras

caran

adjective. red

Cognates

• Q. carnë “red, scarlet” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran

Derivations

• ✶karani “red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

• ᴺS. amosgarn “robin, (lit.) red-breast”
• S. Caradhras “Redhorn”
• S. caralluin “*red-blue”
• S. Caran-rass “Redhorn” ✧ PE17/036; SA/caran
• S. Caranthir “Red-face” ✧ SA/caran; VT41/10
• S. Carcharoth “Red Maw, ?(lit.) Great Red Fang”
• S. Cardolan “?Red Hill Land”
• S. Carn Dûm “?Red Valley”
• S. Carnen “Redwater”
• ᴺS. melingarn “orange, tawny”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶carani- > caran	[karani] > [karane] > [karan]	✧ VT41/10

gaer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy

ruin

adjective. (fiery) red

caran

red

1) caran (lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern), 2) coll (scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak". 3) born (hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn, 4) (fiery red) naru (analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. _NAR_1). 5) rhosc (russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhysc. Cf. also

caran

red

(lenited garan, pl. cerain). Also carn (lenited garn, pl. cern)

crann

ruddy

(lenited grann, pl. crain).

gaer

red, reddish

(copper-coloured, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

born

red

(hot), lenited vorn, pl. byrn

naru

red

(analogical pl. nery). The archaic fom narw is also listed (LR:374 s.v. NAR1).

rhosc

red

(russet, brown), lenited ?throsc or ?rosc *(the lenition product of rh is uncertain)*, pl. rhysc. Cf. also

coll

red

(scarlet), lenited goll, pl. cyll (VT45:15, 24). Note: homophones mean "hollow" and also "cloak".

nasar

adjective. red

karani

adjective. red

Derivatives

• Q. carnë “red, scarlet” ✧ PE22/152
• S. caran “red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

• ✶Karani-stīrē ✧ VT41/10

Variations

• karanĭ ✧ PE21/81
• karnĭ ✧ PE21/81
• carani- ✧ VT41/10

caran

adjective. red

caran

adjective. red

Changes

• caran → caran “red, blush, red (?part) of face” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Cognates

• ᴹQ. karne “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN

Derivations

• ᴹ✶karani “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN; EtyAC/KARÁN
  • ᴹ√KARAN “red” ✧ Ety/KARÁN

Element in

• N. Caradras “Redhorn”
• N. Rhascaron “Redhorn”
• N. Carnbeleg “Ruddyhorn”
• N. Bliscarn
• N. Caron-dûn “Red Valley” ✧ RS/419
• N. Rathcarn “Red Way”
• N. Cris-caron “Red Pass” ✧ RS/419

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶karani > caran	[karani] > [karane] > [karan]	✧ Ety/KARÁN
ᴹ✶karani > cern	[karani] > [karni] > [kerni] > [kern]	✧ EtyAC/KARÁN

Variations

• cern ✧ EtyAC/KARÁN (cern)
• Caron ✧ RS/419
• caron ✧ RS/419

caron

adjective. red

naru

adjective. red

naru

adjective. red, [fiery] red

Derivations

• ᴹ✶narwā “fiery red” ✧ Ety/NAR¹
  • ᴹ√NAR “flame, fire” ✧ Ety/NAR¹

Element in

• N. Narodûm “Red Valley”
• N. Narosîr “Redway”
• N. Nerwing “Red Foaming Waters” ✧ Ety/NAR¹

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶narwā > narw > naru	[narwā] > [narwa] > [narw] > [naru]	✧ Ety/NAR¹

narw

adjective. red

coll

adjective. (golden) red

goer

adjective. red, copper-coloured, ruddy