ened

place name. Ened

An island west of Drengist named on a map of Beleriand from the 1950s, but not on the map in the published Silmarillion (WJ/181-2). This name may be simply be ened(h) “middle” used as a name.

ened

noun. core, centre, middle

While the word is written enedh in the Etymologies, it seems that Tolkien considered and reconsidered its form throughout his life. Late rough jottings (c. 1968), as well as the text of letter no. 168 and the fact that the toponym Enedwaith was never changed on the LotR map, seem to imply that ened is the (most) definitive form. See also the possibly related preposition ned , which has sometimes been suggested to mean "in" (while again a prefix nedh- is seen in the Etymologies)

ened

noun. centre

enedh

noun. centre, middle, centre, middle; [N.] core

@@@ Tolkien vacillated between enedh (< √ENED) and ened (perhaps < √ENET) in his later writings. In HSD/ened, it is suggested that ened is the likely “final” form based on Enedwaith as it appears in The Lord of the Rings and as discussed on Let/224. I prefer enedh for better compatibility with its Quenya cognate endë as in Q. enderi “middle-days” (LotR/1108, endë + ré “day”). If the Sindarin form were ened < √ENET, the corresponding Quenya form would instead be entë. Furthermore, in a general discussion of the uses of dh on VT42/20, Tolkien states that “Enedhwaith is misspelt”, possibly meaning that the normal spelling (Enedwaith) is not strictly correct.

enedwaith

proper name. Middle-region, Middle-folk

Wilderness east of the river Gwathló mentioned in The Lord of the Rings appendices (LotR/1089) and appearing on its map. This name is translated “Central Wilderness” (PM/328) or “middle-people/region” (Let/224), a combination of ened(h) “middle” and the lenited form of gwaith “people, region” (SA/gwaith, Let/224).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared as N. Enedwaith “Middlemarch” (TI/296). Elsewhere, the Noldorin word for “middle” was given as N. enedh < ᴹ√ENED (Ety/ÉNED). Tolkien may have used a d instead of a dh because he did not want to confuse his readers with this unusual combination of letters. There are other examples of this in the Lord of the Rings drafts, such as N. Caradras for S. Caradhras, N. Caras Galadon for S. Caras Galadhon, N. Fanuidol for S. Fanuidhol, N. Galadrim for S. Galadhrim.

Some examples of d >> dh were corrected in published version of The Lord of the Rings (Fanuidhol, Caradhras), others not until the 2nd edition (Caras Galadhon, Galadhrim), but Enedwaith has never changed in the published text during Tolkien’s lifetime. Nevertheless, in private notes Tolkien sometimes wrote Enedhwaith (PM/328, VT42/7, NM/379) and in one place even stated that Enedhwaith was misspelt on the maps of The Lord of the Rings (VT42/20).

In later writings, Tolkien vacillated between ened and enedh as the proper Sindarin word for “middle” (for example, VT41/16 vs VT48/25). It appears he was unsure how to address the issue presented by this name, whether the name itself was incorrect or whether he should revise the Elvish words for “middle”.

Enedwaith

noun. middle folk/region

enedh (“middle, center”) + gwaith (“people, folk, region”)

ened

adverb. moreover

Enedwaith

place name. middle folk or middle region

Also spelled Enedhwaith. The name Enedwaith means "middle folk" or "middle region" in Sindarin from enedh meaning "middle" and gwaith which means "people" but is also used for regions.

enedh

middle

enedh (core, center), pl. enidh

enedh

center

1) enedh (core, middle), pl. enidh, 2) nest (heart, core), pl. nist

enedh

core

1) enedh (middle, center), pl. enidh, 2) nest (heart, center), pl. nist

enedhin

midyear

enedhin (VT45:27)

enedhin

midyear

enedhin (VT45:27)

enedhren

adjective. central, essential

enedh

middle

(core, center), pl. enidh

enedh

center

(core, middle), pl. enidh

enedh

core

(middle, center), pl. enidh

enedhin

midyear

(VT45:27)

onod

noun. Ent

onod

Ent

pl1. enyd, pl2. onodrim _ n. _Ent.

onod

noun. Ent

The Sindarin word for “Ent” (Let/224), appearing its plural forms Onodrim and Enyd in Appendix F of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1130).

Conceptual Development: The earliest name of the “Entwash” in Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s was N. Ogodrûth, indicating a previous form of this word: N. Ogod (TI/250).

onodrim

noun. the Ents, as a race

nest

center

(heart, core), pl. nist

nest

core

(heart, center), pl. nist

onod

ent

Onod (pl. Enyd, coll. pl. Onodrim) (Names:165, Letters:178)

onod

ent

(pl. Enyd, coll. pl. Onodrim) (Names:165, Letters:178)

ened

root. centre, middle; three

A root for “centre, middle”, it first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as ᴹ√NED with augmented form ᴹ√ENED (Ety/ÉNED, NÉD). The only derivative of its unaugmented form was the Noldorin prefix N. nedh- “mid-”; its usual forms N. enedh/ᴹQ. ende were derived from the augmented form ᴹ√ENED. In notes from the 1950s and 60s, it seems this augmented form became the normal form, as in √EN(ED) “center, middle” (PE17/26) or ened- “middle” (VT47/26).

One complication in the later iterations of the root was the appearance of the word S. Enedwaith “Middle-region” in The Lord of the Rings maps and appendices (LotR/1089). I suspect this form dates from the period in Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s where Tolkien decided to represent [ð] as d: compare N. Fanuidol (TI/306) vs. S. Fanuidhol (LotR/283) and N. Galadrim (TI/239) vs. S. Galadhrim (LotR/341). For whatever reason, Enedwaith was never corrected, and in some places Tolkien said this was a mistake and the proper form should be Enedhwaith (PM/328; VT42/20) while in other places he considered revising the root for “middle” to √ENET or √HEN(ET) (VT41/16).

In his notes on numbers and fingers from 1968, Tolkien said the primitive form was ened with variant form enel (VT47/16, 29; VT48/9-10, 24-25), as the result of frequent d/l interchange in Common Eldarin (VT47/29). In these notes this “middle” root was likewise connected to √ENEK “three” as represented by the “middle” finger (VT48/10). In this set of 1968 notes Tolkien also said √ENET was connected to the distinct root √EN “again” and had the sense “one more” (VT47/15; VT48/25). As for the enel “middle” variant, it seems it was used more in Nandorin (VT47/29), but was a factor in some Quenya words such as Q. enelmo “go-between, intervener, intermediary, mediator” (VT47/14).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I think it is best to assume the root for “middle” was mainly √ENED, and that Tolkien’s flirtations with √(H)ENET “middle” was a transient idea. I think it is also worth retaining the unaugmented prefix nedh- “mid-” for Neo-Sindarin words, though originating from a lost original vowel rather than a lack of augmentation.

ened

noun/adjective. middle, center

enel

root. centre, middle; three

henet

root. middle

ened

adjective. middle

enedrion

masculine name. Enedrion

enedh

noun. core, centre, middle

While the word is written enedh in the Etymologies, it seems that Tolkien considered and reconsidered its form throughout his life. Late rough jottings (c. 1968), as well as the text of letter no. 168 and the fact that the toponym Enedwaith was never changed on the LotR map, seem to imply that ened is the (most) definitive form. See also the possibly related preposition ned , which has sometimes been suggested to mean "in" (while again a prefix nedh- is seen in the Etymologies)

enedhin

proper name. Midyear week

A term for the Midyear week appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (LotR/LEP, EtyAC/LEP), apparently a combination of enedh “middle” and în “year”.

enedh

noun. centre, middle, core

enedwaith

place name. Middlemarch

ogod Reconstructed

noun. Ent

endë

noun. centre, middle, centre, middle; [ᴹQ.] core

endë

core, centre, middle

endë noun "core, centre, middle" (NÉD, EN, VT48:25)

entë

moreover, further, furthermore, what is more

entë (1) conj. "moreover, further, furthermore, what is more" (VT47:15, VT48:14). Compare yunquentë as a variant of yunquenta, q.v.

entë

center

entë (2) noun "center" (VT41:16; endë is perhaps to be preferred, see entya)

entë

noun. centre

endya

middle

endya > enya adj. "middle" (ÉNED)

endëa

middle

#endëa adj. "middle" in atendëa, q.v. Compare enya.

endëa

adjective. middle

entya

central, middle

entya, enetya adj. "central, middle" (VT41:16; these forms, as well as the noun entë "centre", come from a late, somewhat confused source; the adjective #endëa and the noun endë from earlier material may fit the general system better, and #endëa is even found in the LotR itself as part of the word atendëa, q.v.)

enya

middle

enya < endya adj. "middle" (EN). Compare #endëa.

tólë

centre

tólë noun "centre" (LT1:269; the word endë is to be preferred in Tolkien's later Quenya)