ned

noun. first, *one more; first; *during

This word replaced the preposition uin “of the” in the third version of the King’s Letter, appearing in the phrase nelchaenen ned Echuir “the thirty-first day of Stirring”. Both Carl Hostetter (VT31/30) and David Salo (SG/229) theorized that this replacement has a similar prepositional function, from either √NOT “count” or √NED “middle”. Fiona Jallings suggested it might be a temporal preposition, with sense “during” (FJNS/349).

On VT47/40, note 67, Patrick Wynne suggested that this word might be a cognate of the newly published Quenya word net(ë) “one more”. This theory is supported by the most likely interpretation of nelchaenen. This word seems to mean “thirtieth” rather than “thirty-first”, and Patrick Wynne suggested that nelchaenen ned means “thirtieth and one more” = “thirty-first”. I find this theory the most compelling, and use it here.

ned

preposition. (uncertain meaning) in, of (about time, e.g. giving a date)

[Another possible interpretation: "another, one more" (related to Q. net(e)), VT/47:40]

neder

cardinal. nine

nedia-

verb. to count

neder

cardinal. nine

neder

card

_ card. _nine. Q. nerte. >> cae, caen-

nedhu

noun. bolster, cushion

nedia-

verb. to count

nedrui

ordinal. ninth

nedrui

ordinal. ninth

enedh

noun. centre, middle, centre, middle; [N.] core

@@@ Tolkien vacillated between enedh (< √ENED) and ened (perhaps < √ENET) in his later writings. In HSD/ened, it is suggested that ened is the likely “final” form based on Enedwaith as it appears in The Lord of the Rings and as discussed on Let/224. I prefer enedh for better compatibility with its Quenya cognate endë as in Q. enderi “middle-days” (LotR/1108, endë + ré “day”). If the Sindarin form were ened < √ENET, the corresponding Quenya form would instead be entë. Furthermore, in a general discussion of the uses of dh on VT42/20, Tolkien states that “Enedhwaith is misspelt”, possibly meaning that the normal spelling (Enedwaith) is not strictly correct.

genediad

noun. reckoning

genedia-

verb. to reckon

ened

noun. centre

genediad

gerund noun. reckoning

genediad

gerund noun. calendar

ne

in

ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129)

neder

cardinal. nine

neder;

nedhu

bolster

*nedhu (pillow), analogical pl. nedhy. Cited in archaic form nedhw (LR:378, s.v. NID), so the coll. pl. is likely nedhwath.

nedhu

bolster

(pillow), analogical pl. nedhy. Cited in archaic form nedhw (LR:378, s.v. NID), so the coll. pl. is likely nedhwath.

nedhu

pillow

1) *nedhu (bolster), analogical pl. nedhy. Cited in archaic form nedhw (LR:378 s.v. NID), so the coll. pl. is likely nedhwath. 2) pesseg (i besseg, o phesseg), pl. pessig (i phessig)

nedhu

pillow

(bolster), analogical pl. nedhy. Cited in archaic form nedhw (LR:378 s.v. NID), so the coll. pl. is likely nedhwath.

nedia

count

(verb) nedia- (reckon, number) (i nedia, in nediar). Cited in archaic form ”noedia” = nödia- (LR:378 s.v. NOT);

nedia

count

(reckon, number) (i nedia, in nediar). Cited in archaic form ”noedia” = nödia- (LR:378 s.v. NOT);

nedia

reckoning

(count, number) (i nedia, in nediar). Cited in archaic form ”noedia” = nödia- (LR:378 s.v. NOT). 3) gonod- (i ’onod, i ngenedir = i ñenedir) (count up, sum up), pa.t. gonont

nedia

number

(verb) *nedia- (reckon, count) (i nedia, in nediar). Cited in archaic form ”noedia” = nödia- (LR:378 s.v. NOT).

nedia

number

(reckon, count) (i nedia, in nediar). Cited in archaic form ”noedia” = nödia- (LR:378 s.v. NOT).

nedia

reckoning)

. 2) *nedia- (count, number) (i nedia, in nediar). Cited in archaic form ”noedia” = nödia- (LR:378 s.v. NOT). 3) gonod- (i **onod, i ngenedir = i ñenedir) (count up, sum up), pa.t. gonont**

nedrui

ninth

nedrui

nederphaen

cardinal. ninety

nedhor

noun. mid-day, noon

nedhwad

noun. lunch, (lit.) middle-meal

ne

in, inside

(prefix) (mid-)

ne

mid-

ne- (prefix) (in, inside)

neder

nine

;

nederph

cardinal. nineteen

nedhu

noun. bolster, cushion

nedrui

ninth

arnediad

without reckoning

(unnumbered, numberless), pl. ?arnediaid. Since the word literally means ”without reckoning” (ar + nediad) it is unclear whether it would pluralize as a common adjective. – Alternative form arneidiad (VT46:6).****

genedia

reckon

1) #genedia- (i **enedia, i ngenediar = i ñenediar), verbal stem isolated from the gerund genediad** (see

genedia

reckon

(i ’enedia, i ngenediar = i ñenediar), verbal stem isolated from the gerund genediad (see

genediad

count

(noun) genediad (i **enediad) (reckoning), pl. genediaid (i ngenediaid** = i ñenediaid) if there is a pl.

genediad

count

(i ’enediad) (reckoning), pl. genediaid (i ngenediaid = i ñenediaid) if there is a pl.

genediad

reckoning

1) genediad (i **enediad) (count), pl. genediaid (i ngenediaid = i ñenediaid) if there is a pl. Used = ”calendar” in the Kings Letter. 2) gonoded (i **onoded), pl. genedid (i ngededid** = i ñededid). Archaic pl. gönödid. Also #nediad (pl. nediaid), isolated from arnediad** (see below).

genediad

reckoning

(i ’enediad) (count), pl. genediaid (i ngenediaid = i ñenediaid) if there is a pl. Used = ”calendar” in the King’s Letter.

paeneder

cardinal. nineteen

tolod

card

_ card. _eight. Q. tolto. >> neder

vi

in

(prep.) 1) vi (VT44:23), with article vin; 2) ne, ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129); 3) dî, unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

erui

first

(single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.

gonod

count up

(i ’onod, i ngenedir = i ñenedir) (reckon, sum up), pa.t. gonont

gonoded

reckoning

(i ’onoded), pl. genedid (i ngededid = i ñededid). Archaic pl. ✱gönödid. Also #nediad (pl. nediaid), isolated from arnediad (see below).

minui

first

1) minui (lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form), 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”; 3) erui (single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.

nadhor

pasture

nadhor (analogical pl. nedhyr), also nadhras (pl. nedhrais, coll. pl. nadhrassath)

nadhor

pasture

(analogical pl. nedhyr), also nadhras (pl. nedhrais, coll. pl. nadhrassath)

cae

card

_ card. _ten. Q. cea. >> caen-, mimp. This gloss was rejected.

caen-

card

_ card. _ten. Q. cainen. >> cae, mimp. This gloss was rejected.

can

card

_ card. _four. Q. canta. >> canad, leben

canad

card

_ card. _four. Q. canta. >> can, leben

eneg

card

_ card. _six. Q. enque, enc-. >> odog

er

card

_ card. _one. Q. er. >> min, tad

lae

noun. great number

leben

card

_ card. _five. Q. lepen, lempe. >> eneg

main

ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent

mein

ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent

mein

ordinal. first

min

card

_ card. _one. Q. min. >> er, tad

min-

preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)

minui

ordinal. first

minui

ordinal. first

mîn

preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)

nel

card

_ card. _three. Q. nelde. Fcan, canad, neledh

nerthui

ordinal. ninth

nerthui

ordinal. ninth

nod-

verb. to count

odog

card

_ card. _seven. Q. otos. >> tolod

tad

card

_ card. _two. Q. atta. Fnel, neledh

tad

card

card. two. . This gloss was rejected.

vi

preposition. in

vi

preposition. in

dî

in

unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

gwanod

number

(noun) gwanod (i **wanod) (tale), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd**),

gwanod

number

(i ’wanod) (tale), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd)

minui

first

(lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form)

mîn

first

(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”

noth

noun. number

nîdh

honeycomb

nîdh (construct nidh; no distinct pl. form) (VT45:38). HONEY-EATER, see BEAR

pesseg

pillow

(i besseg, o phesseg), pl. pessig (i phessig)

rim

great number

(crowd, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

vi

in

(VT44:23), with article vin

neðw

adjective. scarred, bruised

A word appearing as {niðw >>} neðw “hurt, bruised” The Etymologies of the 1930s in the entry for the deleted root ᴹ√NID “hurt, injure”, with the Feanorian form nef (Ety/NID²).

nedh-

prefix. in, inside, mid-

See also the preposition ned , and the noun ened for a discussion of this form

nedhw

noun. bolster, cushion

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from ᴹ✶nidwō “bolster, cushion” under the root ᴹ√NID “lean against” (Ety/NID). The ancient stressed wō became wa (ON. nidwa), which resulted in a-affection changing i to e to produce nedhw.

Neo-Sindarin: Many Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. nedhu “bolster, cushion” to better reflect the actual pronunciation, as suggested in HSD (HSD). Compare S. madu < madw̯ (PE17/148).

nedh-

prefix. mid-

neder

cardinal. nine

neder

cardinal. nine

nedhw

noun. bolster, cushion

nœdia-

verb. to count

nadhor

noun. pasture

A noun for “pasture” in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as naðor and derived from the root ᴹ√NAD (Ety/NAD).

nadhras

noun. pasture

A noun for “pasture” in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as naðras and derived from the root ᴹ√NAD (Ety/NAD).

di

preposition. in

edhen

adjective. first

ereg

place name. First

Earlier name for the river S. Erui from Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, apparently a Noldorin word meaning ereg “first” (TI/312, WR/436).

ereg

adjective. first

gonod-

verb. to count, count up, reckon, sum up

lhae

noun. great number

nadhor

noun. pasture

nadhras

noun. pasture

ne-

prefix. in

nef

noun. bolster, cushion

nod-

verb. to count

nîdh

noun. honeycomb

nîdh

noun. honeycomb

nœdia-

verb. to count

pesseg

noun. pillow

pesseg

noun. pillow

A noun for “pillow” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KWES having to do with feathers (Ety/KWES).

not-

reckon

not- vb. "reckon" (NOT); compare onot-. Passive participle nótina "counted, reckoned" (FS), nótima "countable" (PE17:68), #notië "counting, reckoning" in maquanotië "decimal system" (VT47:10), variant #nótië in caistanótië of similar meaning (VT48:11).

endë

noun. centre, middle, centre, middle; [ᴹQ.] core

nertë

cardinal. nine

nertëa

ordinal. ninth

neterquë

cardinal. nineteen

#onótië

reckoning

#onótië noun "reckoning" (isolated from Yénonótië *"reckoning of years", MR:51)

enna

first

[enna adj. "first" (VT45:12)]

entë

noun. centre

esta

first

esta (2) adj. "first" (ESE/ESET); this entry was marked with a query. The word Yestarë (q.v.) "Beginning-day" in LotR suggests that Tolkien decided to change the stem in question to _YESE/YESET_. We could then read *yesta for esta (but later this became a noun "beginning" rather than an adj. "first", PE17:120) and also prefix a y to the other words derived from ESE/ESET (essë* > yessë, essëa > yessëa). Estanossë noun "the firstborn", read likewise Yestanossë** (*Yestanessi?) but in a later text, Tolkien used Minnónar (q.v.) for "the Firstborn" as a name of the Elves, and this form may be preferred. _(In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word _Estanossë is cited as "Estanesse", but according to VT45:12, the second-to-last vowel is actually o in Tolkien's manuscript.)

huë

cardinal. nine

huë "Qenya" cardinal "nine" (in Tolkiens later Quenya nertë) (VT49:54)

imi

in

imi prep. "in"; see mi (VT43:30)

imi

preposition. in, in, [ᴱQ.] inside

inga

first

inga (2) adj. "first" (ING)

mi

in, within

mi prep. "in, within" (MI, VT27:20, VT44:18, 34, VT43:30; the latter source also mentions the variant imi); mí "in the" (Nam, RGEO:66; CO gives mi; the correct forms should evidently be mi = "in" and mí = mi i "in the"; VT49:35 also has mí with a long vowel, though the gloss is simply "in"). Used in PE17:71 (cf. 70) of people clad "in" various colours, e.g. mi mísë "in grey". Allative minna "to the inside, into" (MI), also mina (VT43:30). The forms mimmë and mingwë seem to incorporate pronominal suffixes for "us", hence ?"in us", inclusive and exclusive respectively. The pronoun -mmë denoted plural inclusive "we" when this was written, though Tolkien would later make it dual instead (see -mmë). Second person forms are also given: mil or milyë *"in you" (sg.), millë "in you" (pl.) (VT43:36). A special use of mi appears in the phrase Wendë mi Wenderon "Virgin of Virgins" (VT44:18); here mi appears superfluous to achieve the desired meaning, but this combination of singular noun + mi + plural genitive noun may be seen as a fixed idiom expressing that the initial noun represents the most prominent member of a class.

mi

preposition. in, in, [ᴹQ.] within

minya

first

minya adj. "first" (MINI) (cf. Minyatur, Minyon); "eminent, prominent" (VT42:24, 25). Minyar "Firsts", the original name of the Vanyar (or rather the direct Quenya descendant of the original Primitive Quendian name) (WJ:380)

nehtë

honeycomb

nehtë (2) noun "honeycomb" (VT45:38)

nertë

cardinal. nine

nertë cardinal "nine" (NÉTER, VT42:26, VT48:6); nertëa ordinal "ninth" (VT42:25)

nesselë

pasture, pasturage

nesselë noun "pasture, pasturage" (QL:65)

neterquë

cardinal. nineteen

neterquë cardinal "nineteen" (VT48:21)

nirwa

bolster, cushion

nirwa (1) noun "bolster, cushion" (NID)

nirwa

scarred

[nirwa (2) adj. "scarred" (VT46:4)]

not-

verb. to count, to count, [ᴹQ.] reckon

nótë

number

nótë noun "number" (NOT)

olma

cardinal. nine

olma cardinal "nine" (LT1:258; in Tolkien's later Quenya nertë)

quesset

pillow

quesset ("q")noun "pillow"; probably *quessec*- since the Sindarin (or "Noldorin") cognate pesseg points to a primitive form kwessek- (compare filit, filic**-) (KWES)

setta

first

[setta, setya adj. "first" (possibly also "primary", but Tolkien's gloss was not certainly legible) (VT46:13)]

tólë

centre

tólë noun "centre" (LT1:269; the word endë is to be preferred in Tolkien's later Quenya)

narassë

noun. pasture

A neologism for “pasture” created by Boris Shapiro in PPQ (PPQ) from the early 2000s, based on N. nadhras of the same meaning. I prefer instead to retain the early noun ᴱQ. nessele “pasture, mead[ow]; pasturage” for this purpose.

nehtelë

noun. honeycomb

neterquain

cardinal. ninety

neterquëan

cardinal. ninety

neter

root. nine

A root for “nine” introduced in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/NÉTER), replacing earliest words for “nine” such as ᴱQ. olme(t) and ᴱQ. hue from the 1910s and 20s. The root continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings, and in his notes on Eldarin Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s he explored several possible origins for this root: connected to the finger name Q. nettë “little girl” derived from the root √NET “dainty” (VT47/33), based on the counting term Q. nete “one more” as in “nete, nete, nete, 10” (VT47/15-16), or simply as an independent invention of its own (VT47/12).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I think it is easiest to assume √NETER its own root without any deeper etymology.

neter(e)

cardinal. nine

imi

root. in

minya

ordinal. first

minya

ordinal. first

neter

cardinal. nine

neterya

ordinal. ninth

ishi

preposition. in, inside

Usually placed after the noun in Black Speech, c.f. burzum-ishi (darkness-inside).