hosta noun "large number", verb hosta- "to collect" (KHOTH)
Quenya
hosta-
verb. gather, collect, assemble
hosta
large number
osta
homestead
osta (2) noun "homestead" (LT2:336)
ahosta
verb. assemble, gather
A verb occurring in the Markirya poem, consists of prefix a- and verb hosta- (gather).
Tolkien noted: "When the bare stem of the verb is used (as after 'see' and 'hear') as infinitive na- [changed to a-] is prefixed if the noun is the object not the subject". In man cenuva lumbor ahosta (changed from na-hosta), "who shall see the clouds gather"
hostar
tribe
hostar noun "tribe" (LT2:340)
man cenuva lumbor ahosta?
Who shall see the clouds gather?
The twenty-third line of the Markirya poem (MC/222). The first word is man “who” followed the future tense of cen- “to see”. The object of the phrase is the subordinate clause lumbor ahosta “clouds gather”, with the plural of the noun lumbo “[dark] cloud” followed by the infinitive of the verb hosta- “to gather”. The prefix a- in ahosta marks the infinitive as an object of the primary verb “see” rather than its subject.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> man cen-uva lumbo-r a-hosta = “✱who see-(future) cloud-(plural) (object)-gather”
Conceptual Development: In the first draft, Tolkien used na- for the object-prefix, which he retained initially in the second draft before changing it to a- (MC/222).
a-
see
a- (2) a prefix occurring in the Markirya poem (Tolkien first used na-, then changed it). It may be prefixed to verbal stems following a noun that is the object of sense-verbs like "see" and "hear" when the verb it is prefixed to describes what happens to this noun, as in man cenuva lumbor ahosta[?] (changed from na-hosta), "who shall see the clouds gather?" (hosta = "gather").
cen-
verb. see, behold
cen- ("k")vb. "see, behold", future tense cenuva ("kenuva") "shall see" in Markirya. Imperative cena ("k"), VT47:31.Also #cen = noun "sight" as the final element of some nouns (*apacen, tercen, q.v.) Compare the root KHEN-, KEN-, KYEN- "look at, see, observe, direct gaze" (VT45:21)
cenya
verb. see, perceive
comya-
verb. gather, assemble
comya- ("k")vb. "gather, assemble" (transitive)(PE17:158)
comya-
verb. to collect
hos
folk
hos noun "folk" (LT2:340)
irin
town
irin noun "town" (LT2:343; hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya)
rimbë
crowd, host, great number
rimbë noun "crowd, host, great number" (RIM, SA:rim, Letters:282)
sanga
crowd, press, throng
sanga (þ) noun "crowd, press, throng" (STAG, SA:thang, LT2:342; pl. sangar (?) twice in Narqelion). In Sangahyando (þ) masc. name "Throng-cleaver", name of a man in Gondor _(SA:thang; a footnote in Letters:425 explains that "throng" here means a closely formed body of enemy soldiers. In the Etymologies, stems STAG, SYAD, _sangahyando is said to be a swordname, and LT2:342 likewise defines the word as a name of Turambar's sword: "cleaver of throngs, Throng-cleaver".)
sanganë
gather
sanganë vb.? "gather" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")
tunta-
see, notice, perceive
tunta- "see, notice, perceive", pa.t. túne (QL:95)
véla
verb. see
véla (2) vb. "see" (Arct); present/continuative tense of a verbal stem #vel-? The context of the sentence where it occurs ("till I see you next") suggests that this is "see" in the sense of "meet".
>> yomenië
ócom-
verb. gather, assemble
#ócom- vb. "gather, assemble" (intransitive)(PE17:157, 158). Cited in the form ócomë "gathers, assembles", evidently an endingless aorist. Perfect ócómië given.
hosta- vb. "gather, collect, assemble" (Markirya), "gather hastily together, pile up" (PE17:39), hostainiéva "will be gathered", future tense of the stative verb *hostainië*, derived from hostaina "gathered", past participle of hosta- "gather". Such stative verbs are probably not conceptually valid in Tolkien's later Quenya; see -ië**. (FS)