Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Middle Primitive Elvish

kham

root. sit (down)

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶hamwa “chair” ✧ Ety/KHAM
    • ᴹQ. hamma “chair” ✧ EtyAC/KHAM
    • N. hanw “?chair” ✧ EtyAC/KHAM
  • khamu- “to sit down”
  • ᴹQ. ham- “to sit (down), be situated in” ✧ Ety/KHAM; PE22/103; PE22/125
  • ᴹQ. hamu- “to sit down, take a seat”
  • N. haf- “to sit” ✧ Ety/KHAM

Variations

  • KHAM ✧ Ety/KHAM; EtyAC/KHAM; PE22/103; PE22/125
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KHAM; EtyAC/KHAM; PE22/103; PE22/125] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kham

root. call to, summon, name by name

A root that was a later entry in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “call to, summon, name by name” and having rejected variants ᴹ√KHAL², ᴹ√KYAM and ᴹ√KHEM. Tolkien’s introduction of this root seems to have caused him to restore ᴹ√KHAD over ᴹ√KHAM “sit”; see the entry on √KHAD for further discussion. Meanwhile, ᴹ√KHAM² was probably introduced to explain ᴹQ. nahamna “summoned” in the version of the Lament of Atalante from the 1930s (LR/47). The phrase where it appeared underwent quite a few changes thereafter, ultimately becoming ar Sauron túle nukumna Númenórenna “and Sauron came humbled [to Númenor]” by the 1940s, so the future status of ᴹ√KHAM² “summon” is unclear.

It is a useful root for purposes of Neo-Eldarin, however, and I think it is worth retaining.

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. naham- “to summon” ✧ EtyAC/KHAM²
  • ᴹQ. naháme “summons” ✧ EtyAC/KHAM²

Variations

  • KHAL² ✧ EtyAC/KHAM (KHAL²)
  • KYAM ✧ EtyAC/KHAM (KYAM)
  • KHEM ✧ EtyAC/KHAM (KHEM)
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/KHAM; EtyAC/KHAM²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rap

root. bind

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “bind” but without derivatives (EtyAC/RAP). The element S. raph (“?rope”) in S. Udalraph “Stirrupless” (“?without (U-) foot-rope”) might be related (UT/313).

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. rappa “rope”
  • S. raph “?rope, strap”

Variations

  • RAP ✧ EtyAC/RAP
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/RAP] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wed

root. bind

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “bind” with derivatives like ᴹQ. vére/N. gwaedh “bond, troth, compact, oath” and ᴹQ. vesta-/N. gwesta- “swear”, though Tolkien deleted Quenya derivatives of this root beginning with ves- saying they fell out of use due to conflict with ᴹ√BES “wed” (Ety/WED). This root might be a later iteration of the hypothetical early root ✱ᴱ√FEDE indicated by words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s like G. fedhin “bound by agreement; ally, friend” and G. fedhra- “unite in a band” (GL/34), but the 1910s and 1930s forms are rather dissimilar so it is hard to say.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶wedā “bond” ✧ Ety/WED
    • Ilk. gwedh “bond” ✧ Ety/WED
    • On. weda “bond” ✧ Ety/WED
    • N. gwedh “bond” ✧ Ety/WED
  • ᴹ✶wǣdē “bond, troth, compact, oath” ✧ Ety/WED
    • ᴹQ. vére “bond, troth, compact, oath” ✧ Ety/WED
    • On. waide “bond, troth, compact, oath” ✧ Ety/WED
    • N. gwaedh “bond, troth, compact, oath” ✧ Ety/WED
  • ᴹ✶wedtā “contract” ✧ Ety/WED
    • ᴹQ. vesta- “to swear (to do something), contract, make a compact” ✧ Ety/WED
    • ᴹQ. vesta “contract” ✧ Ety/WED
    • N. gwest “oath” ✧ Ety/WED
    • N. gwesta- “to swear” ✧ Ety/WED
  • ᴺQ. angwenda “chain”
  • N. gwedh- “to bind” ✧ Ety/WED
  • N. gwend “bond, friendship” ✧ Ety/WEN

Element in

  • ᴹQ. ovesta “contract, compact, treaty” ✧ Ety/WŌ
  • N. gowest “contract, compact, treaty” ✧ Ety/WŌ
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/WED; Ety/WEN; Ety/WŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by