morë adj. "black" (MOR), "dark, darkness" (Letters:282). In compounds the stem-form mori- (q.v.) appears, since the primitive form was ¤mori.
Quenya
morë
noun/adjective. dark, black; darkness, night, dark, black; darkness, [ᴹQ.] blackness, [Q.] night
morë
black
amba
more
amba 2) adj. and noun "more", "used of any kind of measurement spatial, temporal, or quantitative" (PE:17:91). Cf. adverb ambë.
amba
more
An adjective or (pro)noun for “more” along with an adverbial form ambë derived from √AMA “addition, increase, plus” (PE17/91). These words were part of a (brief?) conceptual framework around 1967 in which the intensive prefix am- was derived from this root. Elsewhere the root √AM generally meant “up”, and Tolkien seems to have reverted to an-intensives by 1969 as evidenced by anírime “most beautiful” (PE23/133).
Neo-Quenya: Despite these conceptual changes, I think it is worth retaining amba and ambe “more”, perhaps based on ✱an-bā and ✱an-bē. The first of these would clash with amba “up”, but I think it could usually be distinguished by context: á anta amba nin “give more to me” vs. mennes amba i oron “he went up the mountain”. See √AMA for more discussion.
ambë
more
ambë adv. "more", "used of any kind of measurement spatial, temporal, or quantitative" (PE17:91). As noun or adjective, amba.
lil
more
lil adverbial particle "more" (PE14:80)
ambë
adverb. more
yunquenta
cardinal. thirteen, twelve and one more
A variant word for “thirteen”, a combination of yunquë “twelve” and enta “one more” (VT47/15). It also appeared as yunquente with an e (VT47/40). Compare also nel(e)quë “thirteen”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I think there is an interesting possibility that this word is the basis for duodecimal “teen” words, such as ✱yunquatta “twelve and two”, ✱yunquenel “twelve and three”, ✱yunquecan “twelve and four”, ✱yunquelempe “twelve and five”. I would follow these with [ᴹQ.] nahta “eighteen”, ✱nahtenta “eighteen and one more”, ✱nahtatta “eighteen and two”, ✱nahtanel “eighteen and three”, ✱nahtacan “eighteen and four”, ✱nahtalempe “eighteen and five” and finally [ᴹQ.] yurasta “twenty four = ✱double twelve”, the duodecimal equivalent of “twenty”. This is all quite speculative, however.
entë
adverb. moreover, further(more), what is more
An adverb glossed “moreover, further(more), what is more” with an adjectival variant Q. enta “another, one more”, both derived from √ENET which is an extension of √EN “once more, again” (VT47/15). Of the adjective Tolkien said that it was “not except by implication ‘another different one’ (VT47/40)”, for which I would instead use hyana; see that entry for discussion.
Conceptual Development: The Arctic Sentence from 1929 had a similar word ᴱQ. ento “next”, a possible precursor.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I assume enta only means “another, one more” when used as an adjective. As a pronoun or adverb, I assume [ᴹQ.] enta means “that yonder”, especially when further inflected: á mene entanna “go to that/there yonder” vs. á anta nin enta yulma “give me another [similar] drink” vs. á anta nin hyana yulma “give me another [different] drink”. See the entry on correlatives for further discussion of the “that yonder” use of enta.
yo-
prefix. together (of three or more things)
A prefix appearing as an element in yomenië “meeting, gathering (of three or more coming from different directions)” in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 (WJ/407). It is clearly based on primitive ✶jō(m) “together” as the plural equivalent of ✶wō (WJ/361), and thus likely means “together (of three or more things)”.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. so- “together, grouped” under the early root ᴱ√SŌ, a prefixal equivalent of ᴱQ. le “with (accompaniment)” (QL/85). Given the gloss “grouped”, I think so- also applied to multiple items grouped together.
camba
the whole hand, but as flexed, with fingers more or less closed, cupped, in the attitude of receiving or holding
camba noun "the whole hand, but as flexed, with fingers more or less closed, cupped, in the attitude of receiving or holding" (VT47:7)
entë
moreover, further, furthermore, what is more
entë (1) conj. "moreover, further, furthermore, what is more" (VT47:15, VT48:14). Compare yunquentë as a variant of yunquenta, q.v.
net(ë)
noun. one more beyond [the middle]
A word in Quenya used in enumerating series from notes from the late 1960s (VT47/15-16), based on the extended root √ENET. Its original sense seems to be “one more beyond”, and it was used in enumerations where some actual numbers were omitted, except possibly the last such as 1, 2, nete, nete, 5 or 1, 2, (3), nete, nete, 10. As such, it also came to be seen as “the last before 10” and from this became the basis for neter > nertë “9”. In counts up to 5 it had the sense “one more beyond the middle”, associated with the fourth finger which in child games was used for the daughter. By association this finger was given the (technically unrelated) name nette “little girl, daughter” as a more affectionate variant of nésa (néþa) “sister”.
netë
one more, another
netë *"one more, another", used in enumerating a series: e.g. 1, 2, (3), netë, netë, netë...with netë used instead of citing the actual numbers. (VT47:15, VT48:14-15, 31)
yé
what is more
yé (2) conj.? "what is more", also yëa (VT47:31)
yëa
what is more
yëa conj.? "what is more", also yé (#2) (VT47:31)
enta
adjective. another, one more
an quetta
a word more, to add to what has been said
tennoio
adverb. forever, forever[more]
@@@ used for “forever” in NQNT
yé
interjection. lo!, what a ..., what is more
yëa
interjection. what is more
á cenë ancénië
look sharper, closer, more attentively, better, more closely
á lirë amlírië
sing harder / better / with more vigour or with more vocalic art
á menë amménië
proceed with more determination
á norë amnórië
run with more running, run faster
á tirë antírië
watch more closely, observe more attentively
enetya
adjective. spare, extra, more than needed
A neologism coined by Luinyelle posted on 2024-05-14 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), an adjectival form of √ENET “✱one more”.
enet-
prefix. spare, extra, more than needed
A neologism coined by Luinyelle posted on 2024-05-14 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a prefixal form of [ᴺQ.] enetya of the same meaning.
napan-
verb. to add
'al-
thrive
'al- (1) vb."thrive" (GALA; the 'simply indicates that the original initial G has disappeared and needs not normally be included, PE17:100) Other sources hint at the meaning "grow" (cf. the root GAL meaning "grow, be healthy; to grow [like a plant]", PE17:153). Compare ala- #4 and #alála- (and cf. ol-).
ala-
verb. grow
alta-
verb. grow
[alta- (3) vb. "grow" (VT45:13) or "make grow" (VT45:14)]
lauya
verb. flourish (green), grow
lauya-
verb. to flourish (green), grow
A verb appearing in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 as an example of a ya-formative verb based on the root √LAW, with both the root and the verb meaning “flourish (green), grow” (PE22/156).
locta-
verb. sprout, put forth leaves or flowers
locta- _("k")_vb."sprout, put forth leaves or flowers" (LT1:258; this would have to become *lohta- in LotR-style Quenya, but later forms like losta- "to bloom" and tuia- "to sprout, spring" are to be preferred.)
lossë
blossom
lossë (2) noun "blossom" ("usually, owing to association with olosse snow, only used of white blossom") (LOT(H) )
losta-
verb. to bloom
losta- vb. "to bloom" (VT42:18)
losta-
verb. to bloom, to bloom, *blossom
A verb for “to bloom” appearing in notes from the late 1960s as a derivative of √LOT(H), but in that document it was deleted (PE17/26). However losta- “to bloom” reappeared in notes on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from 1967-69 with the same derivation, and in that document it was not deleted (VT42/18).
Conceptual Development: The verb ᴱQ. {lōta- >>} lōto- “to bloom” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√LO’O (QL/55). Some possible inflected forms for this Early Qenya verb appeared (untranslated) in one of the initial versions of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/57-58).
morqua
black
morqua adj. "black" (LT1:261; rather morna in LotR-style Quenya)
napan-
verb. add
napan- vb. "add" (PE17:146)
ol-
verb. grow
ol- vb. "grow" (VT45:13; this may be a primitive root rather than a Quenya verb)
ola-
verb. grow
tiuya-
verb. swell, grow fat
tiuya- vb. "swell, grow fat" (TIW; emended by Tolkien from tiuta-, VT46:19)
tuia-
verb. sprout, spring
tuia- vb. "sprout, spring" (Tolkien's gloss is actually "sprouts, springs", since tuia is also the 3rd pers. sg. present tense [or aorist]) (TUY)
tuima
sprout, bud
tuima noun "sprout, bud" (TUY)
yantya-
verb. add, augment
yantya- vb. "add, augment" (PE15:68)
meletya-
verb. to magnify
pulu-
verb. to swell (intr.)
sampan-
verb. to combine
A neologism for “to combine” coined by Orondil posted on 2023-02-24 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), inspired by sampanë “combination”.
yanta-
verb. to add to, enlarge, increase, augment
A word meaning both “dark” and “black” in various compounds, sometimes also functioning as a noun “darkness”. It was derived from primitive ✶mori based on the root √MOR (Let/382).
Conceptual Development: This word has a long history in Tolkien’s languages. It first appeared as ᴱQ. {mōre >>} mōri “night” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s from the early root ᴱ√MORO (QL/62), also appearing as mōre “night” in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/63). The word mōre was used as “darkness” in the Oilima Markirya poem written around 1930 (MC/214).
In The Etymologies of the 1930s there were two distinct forms: noun ᴹQ. móre “blackness, dark, night” from primitive ᴹ✶mǭri and adjective ᴹQ. more “blackness, dark, night” from primitive from primitive ᴹ✶mori (Ety/MOR; EtyAC/MOR), though the adjective prefix mori- was frequently translated “dark” in contemporaneous compounds: ᴹQ. Morimando “Dark Mando”, ᴹQ. Moriqendi “Dark Elves”, etc. In later writings, the forms with long ó were no longer used, though whether this was intentional or a coincidence is unclear.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would mainly use more as an adjective with the sense “dark”, reserving for the colour “black” the word morna instead. For the noun form, I’d use mornië, but I sometimes use mori- or móri- for “night” in compounds as the time of darkness.