net(ë)

noun. one more beyond (the middle)

net-

verb. to get, *obtain

raima

noun. net

A word for “a net” in notes on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from 1967-69, derived from the root √RAY “net, knit, contrive network or lace” (VT42/12). Tolkien briefly changed this word to raime “network, lace”, but then wrote “stet [let it stand]” indicating a restoration of the original form (VT42/28 note #24), giving raiwë for “lace” instead (see that entry for discussion). This word was also contrasted with rembë “net (for catching)” on the same page, so it seems raima applied to woven or crafted nets for any purpose, not just catching prey. The word raima “a net” also appeared in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 as a derivative of √RAY “net, knit (contrive a network)”, but in that (probably earlier) document the root also meant “catch, involve (in a net)” (PE22/159).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. makse “net” based on the early root ᴱ√MAKA [ŊʷAKA] (QL/58).

raima

net

raima noun "net" (VT42:12)

raima

noun. a net

raina

adjective. netted, enlaced, caught in a net, netted, enlaced; caught in a net

An adjective glossed “netted, enlaced” in notes on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from 1967-69 based on the root √RAY “net, knit, contrive network or lace; involve in a network, enlace” (VT42/11). In a draft of this etymology appearing in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969, the adjective was instead glossed “netted, caught in net” and the root was glossed “net; knit (contrive a network); catch, involve (in a net)” (PE22/159).

raita-

verb. to make network or lace; to catch in a net

A verb appearing as rea or raita in notes on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from 1967-69, with glosses “make network or lace” and “catch in a net” as derivatives of the root √RAY “net, knit, contrive network or lace; involve in a network, enlace” (VT42/11). In a draft of this etymology appearing in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969, the verb was simply glossed “to net” and the root was glossed “net; knit (contrive a network); catch, involve (in a net)”, while the verb’s present form †rea was marked as archaic beside modern[?] ráya, along with a strong past raine (PE22/159).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would use the easier-to-conjugate verb form raita with strong-past raine and (modernized) present raitea, and would assume rea was archaic. Compare its homonym raita- “smile” which has a half-strong past reante “smiled” (PE17/182).

nertë

cardinal. nine

atsa

catch, hook, claw

atsa noun "catch, hook, claw" (GAT)

carrëa

tressure

carrëa (for cas-raya) noun "tressure" (net for confining the hair). (VT42:12)

carrëa

noun. tressure, tressure, *headdress

A noun for “tressure” in notes from the late 1960s derived from ✶cas-raya = √KAS “head” + √RAY “net, lace” (VT42/12). Given this word’s etymology, Tolkien was probably using “tressure” with its Middle English sense = “headdress”.

huë

cardinal. nine

huë "Qenya" cardinal "nine" (in Tolkiens later Quenya nertë) (VT49:54)

natsë

web, net

natsë noun "web, net" (NAT)

nertë

cardinal. nine

nertë cardinal "nine" (NÉTER, VT42:26, VT48:6); nertëa ordinal "ninth" (VT42:25)

ná-

verb. to be, to be, [ᴱQ.] exist

The basic Quenya verb for “to be”, based on the root √NĀ (PE17/93). It was typically used as the copula equating a noun to another noun or an adjective:

> √NA joining adjs./nouns/pronouns in statements (or wishes) asserting (or desiring) a thing to have a certain quality, or to be the same as another (PE22/147).

In many circumstances this verb was optional:

> As a copula “be, is” is not usually expressed in Quenya where the meaning is clear: sc. in such expressions as “A is good” where the adjective (contrary to the usual order in Quenya of a qualifying adjective) follows: the normal Quenya for this is A mára (PE17/93).

For further discussion see the entry on the Quenya copula.

Conceptual Development: This verb dates back all the way to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where it was given as the early root ᴱ√NĀ “be, exist” (QL/64). This verb and its root appeared regularly throughout Tolkien’s writings thereafter, but at times Tolkien considered alternative verbs for “to be”; see the entry ëa- for further discussion.

olma

cardinal. nine

olma cardinal "nine" (LT1:258; in Tolkien's later Quenya nertë)

raina

adjective. netted, caught in net

raita

verb. to net

raita-

verb. catch in a net

raita- 2) vb. "catch in a net" (VT42:12)

raita rembë

*knit a net

remba-

verb. net, entrap

remba- vb. "net, entrap" (VT42:12)

remba-

verb. to net, entrap

A word for “net, entrap” in notes on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from 1967-69, a verb form of rembë “net (for catching)” (VT42/12).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. makseta- “enmesh”, a verb form of ᴱQ. makse “net” (QL/58).

rembë

mesh

rembë noun "mesh" (Appendix E, in a footnote), "hunter's or fisher's net" (VT42:29)

rembë

noun. mesh; net (for catching), hunter’s or fisher’s net

A word appearing in a footnote in The Lord of the Rings appendices as a cognate to S. rem “mesh” (LotR/1115). In notes on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from 1967-69 Tolkien translated this word as “net (for catching)” (VT42/12) or “a hunter’s or fisher’s net” (VT42/29), derived from the root √REB or √REM “entangle, snare, trap” (VT42/12). As such, I think “net (for catching)” is its original Quenya sense, and it would be used for “mesh” only metaphorically. The word rembe also appeared in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 in the untranslated phrase raita rembë, probably meaning “✱knit a net” (PE22/159).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. maksella “mesh”, a diminutive form of ᴱQ. makse “net” (QL/58).

rëa-

verb. to make network or lace