ú- (2) prefix "not-, un-, in-", denying presence or possession of thing or quality (VT39:14, UGU/UMU/VT46:20, GŪ, LT1:272), or simply suggesting something bad or immoral (see #úcar-, Úmaiar). Tolkien at one point considered redefining ú- as an element signifying "bad, uneasy, hard"; the already-published form únótima would then mean "difficult/impossible to count" rather than simply "uncountable" (VT42:33). However, Tolkien's very last word on the matter seems to be that ú- was to remain a mere negative (VT44:4). Compare úa, q.v. According to the Etymologies, the prefix ú- usually has a "bad sense", whereas according to early material u- (uv-, um-, un-) is a "mere negation" (UGU/UMU vs. VT42:32) According to a later source, ú- could be used as an uninflected verbal prefix, mainly in verse, but in a normal style the prefix was "verbalized" as ua-, q.v. (PE17:144). The stem Ū, as a negation, was accompanied by "pursed lips and shaking of the head" (PE17:145).
Quenya
lacarë
not-doing, inaction
laista
noun. ignorance (not-knowing)
lácare, lacare
noun. not-doing, inaction
ú-
verb. not-, un-, in-
ala
not
ala, #ála (1) imperative particle á, a combined with the negation lá, -la "not" to express a prohibition (VT43:22; see lá #1). Also with 1st person suffix -lyë (alalyë and álalyë, VT43:10, 22, VT44:8) and 1st person pl. object suffix -më (alamë and álamë, "do not [do something to] us", as in álamë tulya, "do not lead us", VT43:12, 22). In the essay Quendi and Eldar, negative imperatives are rather indicated by áva, q.v., but this form can well coexist with ala, #ála.
ala-
not
ala- (2) negative prefix "not", "un-", reduced to al- before a vowel (VT42:33, GALA, VT45:25), though the example Alcorin would suggest that al- can sometimes appear before a consonant as well. In a deleted entry in Etym, al(a)- was defined as "not" and said to be a "pure negative" (VT45:5). In alahasta, Alamanyar, alasaila, Alcorin.
ú
particle. not
alalyë nattira arcandemmar sangiessemman
despise not our petitions in our necessities
The second line of Ortírielyanna, Tolkien’s translation of the Sub Tuum Praesidium prayer. The first word alalyë is 2nd-person-polite form of the negative imperative ála “[do] not”. The second word nattira is the aorist/infinitive form of the verb nattira- “to despise”.
The third word arcandemmar “our petitions” is the 2nd-plural-exclusive-possessive (-mma “our”) plural form of arcandë “petition”. The last word sangiessemman “in our necessities” is the 2nd-plural-exclusive-possessive (-mma “our”) locative (-ssë “in”) plural form of sangië “necessity”. In these two words, the final -r and -n mark the nouns as plural: “petitions” and “necessities”, respectively.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> a-la-lye nattira arcande-mma-r sangie-sse-mma-n = “✱do-not-thou despise petition-our-(plural) necessity-in-our-(plural)”
Conceptual Development: The word arca·ndemmar was first written anarcandemman, ending with a plural marker -n instead of -r and with a prefix, possibly the intensive prefix an- (VT44/8). The order of the first three words was changed: anarcandemman alalye nattira >> alalye nattira arca·ndemmar (VT44/5). A seperator “·” appeared in the word arca·ndemmar, dividing the word arca·nde into is constituent elements: arca- “pray” and an abstract noun ending -ndë (VT44/8).
The form sangie-sse-mma-n is unusual in that it places the locative suffix -ssë (“in”) before the possessive suffix -mma (“our”). Elsewhere the possessive suffix usually preceded the case suffix. A similar construction appears in some rejected forms in Tolkien’s Átaremma prayer from the same time period (VT43/20): see the entry possessive pronouns on for discussion. This construction may explain the use of the plural marker -n instead of the more typical -r, since the plural of the locative suffix -ssë was -ssen (Plotz).
álamë tulya úsahtienna
[and] lead us not into temptation
The ninth line of Átaremma, Tolkien’s Quenya translation of the Lord’s Prayer. The first word Álamë is a combination of the negative imperative particle ála “not” and the pronoun me “us”. It is followed by the aorist form of the verb tulya “lead” and the allative form úsahtienna “into temptation” of the noun úsahtië “temptation”. Thus, Álamë tulya úsahtienna is more literally “✱imperative-not-us lead temptation-into”. In the final version of the phrase, there is no Quenya element representing the English word “and”.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> á-la-më tulya úsahtie-nna = “✱do-not-us lead temptation-into”
Conceptual Development: The word ar “and” appears only in version I of the prayer. It was omitted from all later versions for unknown reasons.
The earliest version used a different negative imperative particle úa (I-IIa). Versions IIa-IV also suffixed the pronominal element lye “you (polite)” to the imperative element, as was also the case in line 6 of the prayer. In all early versions of the prayer (I-IV), the object pronoun me appeared after the verb.
The early versions (I-IV) used a different verb mittanya- for “lead”. Tolkien considered several words for “temptation”: terfantië (I deleted) and terpellië (I-IIa), insangarë and sahtië (V deleted), before settling on úsahtië (V-VI). All appear with the allative suffix -nna: “(in)to temptation”.
| |  I  |IIa|IIb|III|IV|V|VI| |ar| | |{úna >>}|úa|úalye|alalye|Álalye|Álame| |mittanya|tulya| |{men >>}|me| | |{terfantie >>}|terpellienna|insangarenna|{sahtienna >>} úsahtienna|
únótima
not possible to count, countless
únótima adj. "not possible to count, countless" (VT39:14), pl. únótimë (translated "numberless") attested (ú-nót-imë "not-count-able") (Nam, RGEO:66, Appendix E). Cf. unnegated nótima, q.v.
lacalima
adjective. not possible to be kindled (made to shine)
An adjective mentioned in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 demonstrating some obscure rules on how the affixes la- and -ima interact with basic verb stems and causative verbs. In particular “when combined with la- they functioned as equivalent of la + the causative (whether actually existing or not) as lakalima, not possible to be kindled ... rather than lakaltaima” (PE22/155-156). Hence lacalima constructed directly from the verbal root √KAL was correct and ✱✱lacaltaima constructed from the causative verb calta- was not.
la-
prefix. not, in-, un-, not, in-, un-; [ᴹQ.] none, not any
Avathar
not elvish
Avathar place-name denoting the land between the southern Pelóri and the Sea, where Ungoliant dwelt; said to be "not Elvish" in WJ:404 and must be thought of as an adaptation from Valarin; on the other hand, MR:284 states that it is "ancient Quenya" and offers the interpretation "The Shadows". Whatever the case, it must have become *Avasar in Exilic Quenya.
Coroloisi
not of kor
[Coroloisi] ("k"), noun: possibly an empheral name of the Elves "not of Kor" in the Blessed Realm. Tolkien changed this plural from Coroloiti (VT45:29). It is not quite clear what the intended singular is.
Ilcorin
not of kor
Ilcorin ("k")noun *"not of Kor", describing Elves not of the Blessed Realm; variant of Alcorin (LA, AR2, VT45:5)
al(a)-
prefix. in-, un-, not; †-less, without
alamanyar
name. [those not of Aman]
alasaila ná lá carë tai mo nave mára
it is unwise not to do what one judges good
aunotë(a)
adjective. not counted, uncounted
ava-
not to be said, that must not be said
ava- (2) prefix indicating something forbidden: avaquétima "not to be said, that must not be said", avanyárima "not to be told or related" (WJ:370)
ava-
was not
ava- (4) vb with pa.t. avanë. This verb is not clearly glossed; apparently meaning refuse or prohibit(WJ:370). Cf. áva, Avamanyar. What is seems to be more or less the same verb has its principal tenses listed (with the ending -n "I") in VT49:13: aorist avan, present ávan (ávëan), future auvan for older avuvan, past avanen or auvan, perfect avávien. In one version of the paradigm, the present tense ávëan and past avanen are marked as archaic/poetic forms. One text seemingly uses the pa.t. aunë in the sense "was not", as a negative verb, but this may have been a short-lived idea of Tolkiens (the text was revised).
avamanyar
collective name. Elves who would not go to Aman
Another name of the Avari meaning “Elves who would not go to Aman”. This term was coined to distinguish them from the Úmanyar “Elves who did not go to Aman, but not because they refused” (that is, the Sindar). It is a combination of Amanyar (“Elves of Aman”) with the prefix ava- for refusal. Unlike the other elaborations of Amanyar, this term appears in the singular in at least one place: avamanya “not (willing to go to) Aman” (PE17/143).
avanyárima
not to be told or related
avanyárima adj. "not to be told or related" (WJ:370), "unspeakable, wahat one must not tell" (PE17:143)
avanyárima
adjective. unspeakable, what one must not tell, not to be told or related
avaquétima
not to be said, that must not be said
avaquétima adj. "not to be said, that must not be said" (WJ:370)
avaquétima
adjective. not to be said, that must not be said
céla
adverb. maybe not
epetai i hyarma ú ten ulca símaryassen
consequently the left hand was not to them evil in their imaginations
Second phrase @@@
| |  I  | II |III|IV|  V  |VI|VII| |{tánen >> ta >> etta >>}|potai| |etta [>> potai]|epetai| |hyarmen|i hyarma| |láne|aune|láne|ú téna|>> ú ten| |“sinister”|ulca| | |{khe >> hela >>} hya úmara| | |{símasse >>}|símaryasse|símaryassen|
hum-
verb. not to do
[#hum- vb. "not to do" (cited as 1st person aorist: humin "I do not"; pa.t. húmë. (VT45:17). See #um-.]
lacalima
adjective. not possible to be kindled
laceníte cuimar
creatures that cannot/do not (by nature) see
lala
no indeed not, on the contrary
lala (3) negation "no indeed not, on the contrary" ("also used for asking incredulous questions") (LA)
la navin caritalyas mára
I do not advise you to do so, (lit.) I don’t judge your doing (it) good
lanca
sharp edge (not of tools); sudden end
lanca ("k")noun "sharp edge (not of tools); sudden end" _("as e.g. a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built, also used in transferred senses, as in kuivie-lankasse, literally 'on the brink of life', of a perilous situation in which one is likely to fall into death" VT42:8)_
las
particle. not it {markör f modus irrealis}
las
adverb. it is/was not so
lau
no indeed not, on the contrary
lau negation "no indeed not, on the contrary" ("also used for asking incredulous questions") (LA)
laumë
no indeed not, on the contrary
laumë < lá umë negation "no indeed not, on the contrary" ("also used for asking incredulous questions")This is a combination of the negation lá "not" and the negative verb umë "is not, does not" (LA)
laustaner
not 'roared' or 'rushed' but made a windy noise
laustaner vb. in past tense 'lausted' ("not 'roared' or 'rushed' but made a windy noise" but in MC:220, Tolkien himself translated laustanéro as "rushed") (MC:216; this is "Qenya")
lá
not to be/do
lá
adverb. no, not
lá-
verb. to not be
lá carita i hamil mára alasaila ná
not to do (in this case) what you judge good (would be) unwise
lá caritas, navin, alasaila ná
not doing this would be (I think) unwise
lá caritas alasaila cé nauva
not doing this may be/prove unwise
láta
adjective. open (not closed)
An adjective meaning “open” (= not closed) appearing in the Ósanwe-kenta essay from 1959-60 (VT39/23) and associated etymological notes, where it was derived from √LAT “open, unenclosed, free to entry” (VT41/5; PE17/159).
lá umë
no indeed not, on the contrary
lá umë > laumë negation "no indeed not, on the contrary" ("also used for asking incredulous questions"). This is a combination of the negation lá "not" and the negative verb umë "is not, does not" (LA)
maitalë
the act (not the result) of doing work of art
maitalë noun "the act (not the result) of doing work of art" (PE17:163)
melin sé apa lanyë hé
I love him but not him (the other)
melinyes apa la hé
I love him but not him (the other)
ní
preposition. beneath, not touching, under
pen-
verb. not to have, not to have, *to lack
A verb in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 used as the negative of sam- “have” based on the root √PEN “lack, have not” as in penin “I haven’t” (PE17/146). Thus a better meaning might be “✱to lack”.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. oito “lack” with past tense oionte under the early root ᴱ√OYO (QL/71).
roquen
horseman [but the quenya word does not show gender], rider, knight
roquen noun "horseman [but the Quenya word does not show gender], rider, knight" (WJ:372, UT:282)
tecco
stroke of pen or brush (´) when not used as long mark
tecco ("k")noun "stroke of pen or brush (´) when not used as long mark" (TEK)
u-
verb. not do, not be
#u- vb. "not do, not be" (1st pers. aorist uin "I do not, am not"), pa.t. úmë (UGU/UMU). A late (ca. 1968) source gives the forms uin, uin(yë) "I am not", uil(yë) "you are not", uis "it is not", uilmë "we are not", uir "are not" and endingless ui *"is not" (VT49:29, 36); these forms were however struck out. The example uin carë "I dont" (PE17:68) combines this negative verb with a following verb in the "simplest aorist infinitive". Compare ua in another late source. See also ui, which (despite its use as an interjection "no") seems to be the endingless 3rd person aorist.
ua-
not do, not be
ua- negative verb "not do, not be". If a verb is to be negated, ua (coming before the verb) receives any pronominal endings (and presumably also any endings for plurality or duality, -r or -t), whereas the uninflected tense-stem of the verb follows: With the ending -n for "I", one can thus have constructions like uan carë "I do not" (aorist), uan carnë "I did not" (past), uan cára "I am not doing" (present), uan caruva "I shall not do" (future). The verb ua- can itself be fully conjugated: #ua aorist (or present?), únë (past), úva "(future), #uië (perfect) (the aorist and perfect are attested only with the ending -n "I"). In "archaic Quenya" these tense-forms could be combined with an uninflected aorist stem, e.g. future *úvan carë = later Quenya uan caruva, "I shall not do". In later Quenya, only the forms ua (present or aorist) and "occasionally" the past tense form #únë were used in normal prose (únen* "I did not, was not"). (PE17:144; compare FS for úva** as a future-tense negative verb "will not")
ua-
verb. to not be, to not do
uan carnë
I did not make
uan cára
I am not making
ufárëa
not enough
ufárëa adj. "not enough" (FS). Cf. ú- "un-" and fárëa "enough, sufficient" (read *úfárëa?)
ui-
verb. to not be, to not do
uito
it is not that
uito interjection "it is not that" (emphatic word for "no"?) Compare ui, náto (VT49:28, 29)
uito
interjection. it is not that
ullumë
not for ever
ullumë adv.? a word occurring in Fíriel's Song, evidently meaning "not for ever". Cf. ú-, lúmë and úlumë.
um-
verb. not to do, not to be
#um- vb. "not to do, not to be" (1st pers. aorist umin "I do not, am not"), past tense úmë (UGU/UMU). Another version of this negative verb had the form #hum-, q.v., but Tolkien rejected it.
unotë
not counted, uncounted
unotë, unotëa (read *únotë, *únotëa?)adj. "not counted, uncounted" (VT39:14)
vehtë
life - not life in general or as a principle, but (a period of) individual activity
vehtë noun "life - not Life in general or as a principle, but (a period of) individual activity", thus also "the place where a person, people &c. lived and had their business, i.e. habitat, haunt" (PE17:189)
vá
i will not!
vá exclamation "I will not!" or "Do not!", interjection accompanied by a "jerk back of head" (PE17:145). It was inflected only in the 1st person sing. and 1st person pl. exclusive: ván, ványë "I won't!", vammë "we won't" (WJ:371, PE17:143; read *valmë in Second Edition Quenya, after Tolkien revised the pronominal suffixes in the sixties).
vá
adverb/interjection. will not, do not, shall not
vá caris i
he is not to do it (now or ever); in any case (whatever may be said, desired, or may occur to the contrary) he is not to do this
ván caruva
I will not (do not intend) to make
váquet-
verb. to refuse, forbid, prohibit; (lit.) to say no, to say ‘I will not or do not’
winë Archaic
noun. baby, little-one, child not yet full grown
A word glossed “baby” (VT47/10), “child not yet full grown” (VT47/26), or “little-one, baby” (VT48/6) in notes associated with Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, sometimes appearing beside longer variants winimo or win(i)ke (VT47/10; VT48/6). It was derived from the root √WIN (VT47/26).
Neo-Quenya: Tolkien said that “Pengoloð gives these in archaic Quenya form before the change of w, in most situations to v” (VT48/6), but I would keep this word as wine since that would be easier for an infant to pronounce. I would use it only as an affectionate or play name, using longer †winimo (modern vinimo) as the proper term for “baby”.
ála
particle. do not
ú-
prefix. no, not, un-, in-; hard, difficult, bad, uneasy; hardly, with difficulty, ‘badly’
úa
do not thou lead us
úa, with 1st person suffix úalyë, imperative particle á, a combined with the negation ú- to express a prohibition (úalyë mittanya me, *"do not thou lead us", VT43:9, 21-22). However, Tolkien apparently abandoned úa in favour of ala, alalyë, q.v. (later he also used the form áva for "don't"). Compare ua.
úamanyar
those not of aman
Úamanyar noun "those not of Aman" (sg. Úamanya, PE17:143), Elves who did not reach the Blessed Realm (but did leave Cuiviénen with the intention of going there) = Heceldi _(WJ:371). Also Úmanyar and fuller Úmaneldi. (WJ:373)_. Also called Lembi, q.v.
úfantima
not concealable
úfantima adj. "not concealable" (PE17:176), also úfantuma (PE17:180), cf. fanta-, q.v.
úfantima
adjective. not concealable
An adjective for “not concealable” or “not ([that is] impossible) to be concealed or veiled”, given as úfantima or úfantuma (PE17/176, 180). It is a negation of fantima “concealable” based on the verb fanta- “veil”.
úfantuma
adjective. not concealable
úfanwa
not veiled or obscure, perspicuous
úfanwa adj. "not veiled or obscure, perspicuous" (PE17:176)
úfanwëa
not veiled, unveiled
úfanwëa adj. "not veiled, unveiled" (PE17:180), possibly a variant or replacement úfanwa, q.v.
úmanyar
those not of aman
Úmanyar pl. noun "those not of Aman", Eldar that did not reach Aman, sc. Sindar and Nandor _(SA:mān). _Sg. #Úmanya.Also Úamanyar.
úmárë
noun. not good = evil
únotë(a)
adjective. not counted, uncounted
A word appearing as au- or únote(a) “not counted, uncounted” in notes from 1959 (PE17/144), based on √NOT “count”.
úva
will not
úva (1) vb. "will not", future tense of a negative verb (present/aorist tense úyë?) in Fíriel's Song. Compare #úva as the future tense of the negative verb ua- (q.v.) in a later source (PE17:144, where the verb is cited with a 1st person sg. ending: úvan).
úvanima
not fair, ugly
úvanima noun "not fair, ugly" (VT39:14). Negated form of vanima.
alamirwa
adjective. cheap, not precious, not expensive
A neologism for “cheap, not precious, not expensive” in the NQW, the negation of Q. mirwa “precious, valuable”.
céla
adverb. maybe not
lacaltaima Reconstructed
adjective. not possible to be kindled
lana
no, not any, not (a); none
@@@ Discord 2022-06-14; PE ✱lănā cf. √SI > ✱sĭnā, √TA > ✱tănā; Short/unstressed variants la, lá also possible, cf. si loa “this year” (PE22:168)
ui(y)a
no, not any, not (a); none
@@@ Discord 2022-06-14; cf. consonant-final √IL > ✱ilyā; Short/unstressed variant ú (+ nom.) also possible, cf. si loa “this year” (PE22:168), distinguished from abessive/privative ú ( + gen.) “without.”
úcarnë Reconstructed
adjective. not red
lacarë ("k")noun "not-doing, inaction" (in general) (VT42:33)