Primitive elvish

la

root. no, not; negative; not to be

An invertible root, √LA or √ALA, used for negation. Its earliest iteration was as the primitive negative prefix ᴱ✶ḷ- from the 1910s (GL/50; PE12/11; QL/97). Its first appearance as ᴹ√LA “no, not” was in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LA), and it regularly appeared in documents from the 1930s, 40s and 50s. Tolkien then abandoned this form of negation in 1959 (PE17/143), but restored it again around 1969 (PE22/160) only to abandon it again shortly after (VT44/4). For a full history of Tolkien’s shifting conceptions of negation in Elvish, see the Quenya entry on the negative.

Primitive elvish [PE17/143; PE17/146; PE17/158; PE18/084; PE18/088; PE22/140; PE22/153; PE22/156; PE23/114; VT42/32; VT42/33; VT48/25; VT49/13] Group: Eldamo. Published by

umu

root. not, expressing privation, not, expressing privation; [ᴹ√] negative stems

The roots √UMU and variant √UGU were often assigned a negative sense, either as elaborations on the base root negative √Ū or sometimes (especially in the case of √UGU) serving as its source. The earliest iteration of these more elaborate negative roots was ᴱ√UMU or ᴱ√UVU in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like the negative verb ᴱQ. um- or ᴱQ. uv- as well as ᴱQ. ūvanimo “monster” (QL/98). ᴱQ. munta “nothing” from the Qenya Grammar of the 1920s was probably related (PE14/48, 81).

The Etymologies of the 1930s had negative stems ᴹ√UMU and ᴹ√UGU with derivatives like the negative verb ᴹQ. um- as well as ᴹQ. úmea “evil” (Ety/UGU; UMU). This document also had inverted forms ᴹ√MŪ and ᴹ√GŪ, the latter the basis for the negative prefix ᴹQ. ú- with a bad or evil connotation (Ety/GŪ; MŪ). Finally both √UMU and √UGU were mentioned a number of times in later writings in connection to negation (PE17/143, 172; VT49/29). See the entry on negative √Ū and the entry on Quenya negation for further information.

Primitive elvish [PE17/143; PE17/172; PE17/188; VT42/32; VT49/29] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lā-

verb. to not be

Primitive elvish [PE22/140; PE22/153; PE23/114; PE23/128; VT49/13] Group: Eldamo. Published by

(au)be

adverb. not so

Primitive elvish [PE22/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ala

root. no, not; negative; not to be

lasa

adverb. not it = it is/was not so

Primitive elvish [PE22/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lāni/lanjē karnē-sa

I did not do it

Primitive elvish [PE22/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lā̆-ni

I (am/do) not, not me

Primitive elvish [PE23/114] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ndī

preposition. beneath, not touching, under

Primitive elvish [PE17/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wini

noun. child not yet full grown

Primitive elvish [VT47/26] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ñgwaurō

noun. wolf (not wild wolves)

Primitive elvish [PE19/106] Group: Eldamo. Published by