Primitive elvish

la

root. no, not; negative; not to be

An invertible root, √LA or √ALA, used for negation. Its earliest iteration was as the primitive negative prefix ᴱ✶ḷ- from the 1910s (GL/50; PE12/11; QL/97). Its first appearance as ᴹ√LA “no, not” was in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LA), and it regularly appeared in documents from the 1930s, 40s and 50s. Tolkien then abandoned this form of negation in 1959 (PE17/143), but restored it again around 1969 (PE22/160) only to abandon it again shortly after (VT44/4). For a full history of Tolkien’s shifting conceptions of negation in Elvish, see the Quenya entry on the negative.

Primitive elvish [PE17/143; PE17/146; PE17/158; PE18/084; PE18/088; PE22/140; PE22/153; PE22/156; PE23/114; VT42/32; VT42/33; VT48/25; VT49/13] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lā-

verb. to not be

Primitive elvish [PE22/140; PE22/153; PE23/114; PE23/128; VT49/13] Group: Eldamo. Published by

(au)be

adverb. not so

Primitive elvish [PE22/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ala

root. no, not; negative; not to be

hek-wā

preposition and adverb. leaving aside, not counting, excluding, except

Primitive elvish [WJ/364] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lasa

adverb. not it = it is/was not so

Primitive elvish [PE22/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lāni/lanjē karnē-sa

I did not do it

Primitive elvish [PE22/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lā̆-ni

I (am/do) not, not me

Primitive elvish [PE23/114] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ndī

preposition. beneath, not touching, under

Primitive elvish [PE17/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nuktā-

verb. stunt, prevent from coming to completion, stop short, not allow to continue

Primitive elvish [WJ/413] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wini

noun. child not yet full grown

Primitive elvish [VT47/26] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ñgwaurō

noun. wolf (not wild wolves)

Primitive elvish [PE19/106] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ug

root. dislike

In a 1969 essay on negation, Tolkien restored √LA as basis for the “negative of fact”, and altered the meaning of Q. ú to be “bad, uneasy, hard” as a sort of “negative with a bad sense” based on this new root √UG “dislike” (PE22/160). This is similar to the usage of these ú-forms in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where the root ᴹ√ was a negative root, but its derivative ᴹQ. ú- was “not (with evil connotation)” (Ety/GŪ), though in the 1930s it seems to have been a true negative, as opposed to 1969 where it meant “difficult” or “impossible”. See the entry on the Quenya negative for a more information on the conceptual development of this and other negative roots.

Primitive elvish [PE22/160; VT43/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

au-

prefix. away

Primitive elvish [WJ/361] Group: Eldamo. Published by

awa-

prefix. away

Primitive elvish [PE17/144; WJ/360; WJ/365] Group: Eldamo. Published by

awā

adverb. away

Primitive elvish [WJ/361; WJ/366] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bani

adjective. fair

Primitive elvish [PE17/057] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khyē̆

pronoun. other person

Primitive elvish [VT49/14] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mat-

verb. to eat

Primitive elvish [PE17/131; PE18/106; PE22/129; PE22/130; PE22/131; PE22/132; PE22/134; PE22/136; PE22/139; PE22/157; VT39/09] Group: Eldamo. Published by

melā-

verb. to love

Primitive elvish [PE22/130; PE22/134] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. person

Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

te

pronoun. they

Primitive elvish [PE23/113; PE23/114; PE23/119; PE23/120; VT48/24; VT48/25; VT49/17; VT49/21; VT49/37; VT49/50; VT49/52] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pronoun. they

Primitive elvish [PE23/113; PE23/114] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ugu

root. expressing privation

wanyā

adjective. fair

Primitive elvish [WJ/380; WJ/383] Group: Eldamo. Published by