apo

after

apo prep. ?"after" (see apa #1) (VT44:36)

ala

after, beyond

ala (5) prep. "after, beyond" (MC:221, 214; however, LotR-style Quenya has han and pella "beyond" and apa "after")

apa

after

apa (1) prep. "after" (VT44:36), attested as a prefix in apacenyë and Apanónar, q.v. Variant ep- in epessë, q.v.; see epë for futher discussion. (According to VT44:36, apa was glossed "after" and also "before" in one late manuscript, but both meanings were rejected.) See also apa # 2 below. For Neo-Quenya purposes, apa should probably be ascribed the meaning "after", as in our most widely-published sources (compare Apanónar, "the After-born", as a name of Men in the Silmarillion). Variants pa, pá (VT44:36), but like apa these are also ascribed other meanings elsewhere; see separate entry. Apo (VT44:36) may be yet another variant of the word for "after".

cata

after

epe

after

ab

preposition. after

Cognates

• Q. apa “after (of time)”

Derivations

• √PĀ/APA “touch; after, behind of place”

Element in

• ᴺS. abgen- “to foresee, expect”
• S. Abonnen “After-born” ✧ WJ/387
• ᴺS. abor “tomorrow, (lit.) after-day”
• S. aphad- “to follow”
• ᴺS. avnedhor “afternoon”

Variations

• Ab ✧ WJ/387 (Ab)

ab-

prefix. after, later

ab

after

#ab (only attested as a prefix, as in:)

ab

after

(only attested as a prefix, as in:)

abonnen

afterborn

pl. Ebennin (archaic "Eboennin" = Ebönnin, WJ:387), Elvish name of Men as the "Secondborn" of Eru. – If ab can be used as an independent preposition, it is probably followed by soft mutation.****

ob Reconstructed

preposition. fore, *before

A prepositional element only attested in the late (1968) word obroth “fore-cutting” (PM/376), referring to the wake before a boat, so perhaps meaning “✱before”. It appears only as a suffix, but in the earlier Adûnaic grammar of Lowdham’s Report from the 1940s, Adûnaic prepositions are used as suffixes (SD/435). This preposition also differs from the earlier phonetic rules of Lowdham’s Report, which allow only long [ō] in Adûnaic words. If this preposition were used in the grammatical and phonetic context of Lowdham’s Report (Middle Adûnaic), it might be the suffix ✱-ôb. See the entry on conceptual-changes-in-late-Adûnaic for further discussion.

Cognates

• Q. opo “before, in front (of place); after (of time)”

Element in

• Ad. obroth “fore-cutting”