kā

root. after (later than) of time

A root appearing in notes from the late 1960s glossed “after (later than) of time”, appearing in variants √KĀ and √KATA (PE22/147), the latter perhaps being KA + TA. Although the root itself did not appear until very late in Tolkien’s writing, there are hints of it much earlier, with ᴹQ. kata “after” and ᴹQ. kato “afterwards” appearing in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/124). Probably also related is S. cad which also likely meant “after”, appearing in drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices, notably in Cadlaer “July, ✱After-summer” vs. Eblaer “June, ✱Before-summer” (PM/136). There is also a set of preposition from the middle of the 1950s Q. ca-, cata, cana: “behind, at back of place” which may be related; Tolkien often used the same roots for both spatial and temporal relations.

Derivatives

• ✶katar “*after (later than) of time” ✧ PE22/147
• Q. ca(ta) “behind, at back of place, behind, at back of place; [ᴹQ.] after”
• ᴹQ. kata “after”
• ᴹQ. kato “afterwards”
• S. cad “*after”

Element in

• ᴺQ. cána “backward”

Variations

• KATA ✧ PE22/147

kā

noun. home, house

Derivations

• √KAW “shelter” ✧ VT47/35

kata

root. after (later than) of time

kawāk

noun. crow

Derivations

• √KAWAK “*caw, croak”

Derivatives

• Q. quáco “crow” ✧ WJ/395

Variations

• kā ✧ VT47/36
• k(a)wāk ✧ WJ/395

sal

root. [unglossed], *harp(ing), lyre

The unglossed root ᴱ√SALA appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. salma “lyre, small harp” and ᴱQ. salumbe “harping, music” (QL/81). The root √SAL appeared again Common Eldarin: Verb Structure from the early 1950s to illustrate the reformed perfect form of its verb Q. asálie (PE22/132), but since these later forms are unglossed it is unclear whether they have the same meaning (“✱harp(ing)”) as the earlier version of the root.

Derivatives

• Q. sal- “[unglossed]” ✧ PE22/133

stuk

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected section of the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s, serving to illustration certain phonetic developments: ✶stuknā > Q. thúna (PE19/86).

Derivatives

• ✶stuknā ✧ PE19/086
  • Q. þúna “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/086

lemek

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s illustrating certain phonetic combinations (PE19/98), and therefore possibly not a “real” root.

phut

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root appearing in the second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ2) as an etymological variation of √PUT (PE18/90).

tig

root. [unglossed]

A root appearing in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 as the basis for the verb Q. tinga- “go (for a long while)” (PE22/157). The etymology was marked with an “X” and so was probably a transient idea (PE22/157 note #70).

Derivatives

• Q. tinga- “to go (for a long while)” ✧ PE22/157

graw Reconstructed

root. [unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart

This root appeared as a primitive form grawa serving as the basis of the word Q. roa “bear” >> “dog” in notes on monosyllabic roots from 1968 (VT47/35); a Sindarin derivative S. graw “bear” appeared in other notes written around the same time (VT47/12). Patrick Wynne suggested that in the sense “bear” grawa might be connected to the root ᴹ√GRAWA “dark, swart” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/GRAWA).

Derivatives

• ✶grawa “dog” ✧ VT47/35
  • Q. röa “dog” ✧ VT47/35
• ✶grā “dog, bear” ✧ VT47/35
  • S. graw “bear” ✧ VT47/12

Variations

• grāw(ɜ) ✧ VT47/35 (grāw(ɜ))