orc

noun. Orc

orco

noun. Orc

This word was adapted from its Sindarin cognate orch, since the Noldor did not encounter orcs until they returned to Middle-earth (WJ/390). There are two attested plurals for this word, orqui and orcor. One possible scenario is that the word was at first treated as a u-stem noun by analogy with urco (urcu-), but later as the two words were disassociated, the declension of orco was regularized and treated as an ordinary vocalic noun.

This is the theory followed here, so that orcor is considered the regular plural and orqui archaic, probably active only in the First Age. If you use the orqui plural, you should also treat this as a u-stem noun (orcu-). @@@

orco

orc

orco ("k") noun "Orc", pl. orcor or orqui (WJ:390, ÓROK; pl. Orcor also in WJ:12, MR:74, 194). If the pl. form orqui is preferred, the word should be assigned the stem-form orcu-. Early "Qenya" has orc ("k") (orqu-) ("q") "monster, demon" (LT1:264; in LotR-style Quenya, no word can end in -rc.)

urco

orc

urco ("k"), stem *urcu- and pl. urqui, noun: an old word used in the lore of the Blessed Realm for anything that caused fear to the Elves during the March; by the Exiled Noldor the word was recognized as the cognate of Sindarin orch and used to mean "Orc". The Sindarin-influenced form orco was also used. (WJ:390)

mehtar

noun. warrior

ohtar

noun. warrior

mahtar

warrior

mahtar noun "warrior" (MAK; original gloss "swordsman", VT45:32)

mordo

warrior, hero

mordo (2) noun "warrior, hero" (LT1:268 - probably obsoleted by # 1 above)

ohtacáro

warrior

[ohtacáro] ("k")noun "warrior" (KAR). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the accent of the word ohtacáro was omitted (VT45:19).

ohtar

warrior, soldier

ohtar noun "warrior, soldier" (UT:282)

ohtar

masculine name. Warrior

The squire of Isildur (LotR/243, UT/272). This name is simply the word ohtar “warrior” used as a name. Since it is a name out of legend, this name might have originally been the man’s title instead of his name, with his true name now lost (UT/282, note #17).

pahta

speech

pahta (2) noun "speech", i.e. language (PE17:126); accompanied by the intransitive verb pakta- "speak, talk", which would be *pahta- in Quenya, of which the transitive equivalent is quet-, q.v. The intransitive verb "speak" is also given as carpa-, q.v.

pahta

noun. speech

quenya

speech

quenya noun (original adj.) "speech" (PM:399); the language-name Quenya is said to mean properly "language, speech" (WJ:393); cf. the phrase coirëa quenya "living speech" (PM:399).However, Quenya (archaic Quendya, still so in Vanyarin) is also interpreted "Elvish" (Letters:176), sc. the adjective corresponding to Quendi (WJ:374), but it was no longer used as a general adjective. Quenya lambë"Quenya tongue" (WJ:407). The command queta Quenya! "speak Quenya!" was used in the sense of "speak precisely and intelligibly, put into actual words" (instead of using hand signs or looks); the word Quenya is here used adverbially (PE17:138). The variant queta quenyā (PE17:137) appears to use the distinct accusative (formed by lengthening a final vowel) known from "Book Quenya".

orch

noun. Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin

orch

Orc

pl1. yrch, pl2. orchoth** ** n. Orc. Nand. ūriſ.

orch

noun. Goblin, Orc

glamhoth

collective name. Orcs, (lit.) Din-horde, Host of Tumult

A collective term for Orcs, translated “din-horde” or “host(s) of tumult” (UT/54, MR/109, PE17/39). This name is combination of glam “din, uproar” and hoth “host, horde” (WJ/391, SA/hoth). This term was sufficiently common that it was generalized into another word for Orc: glamog (WJ/391).

Conceptual Development: The term G. Glamhoth was used for Orcs in the earliest Lost Tales (LT2/160), but at this early stage was translated “People of Dreadful Hate” with its initial element being G. glâm “hate” (GL/39). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, Tolkien revised the derivation of N. Glamhoth so that its initial element was N. glamm “shouting, confused noise; barbarous speech” (Ety/GLAM), and the term retained essentially the same derivation in later writings.

orch

orc

orch (pl. yrch**, archaic †yrchy, coll. pl. orchoth). (RGEO:66, Names:171, Letters:178, MR:195; WJ:390-91, VT46:7). Other terms: 1) urug (monster, bogey), pl. yryg, 2) glamog (i **lamog), pl. glemyg (in glemyg) (WJ:391), 3) ”

orch

orc

(pl. yrch, archaic †yrchy, coll. pl. orchoth). (RGEO:66, Names:171, Letters:178, MR:195; WJ:390-91, VT46:7). Other terms:  1) urug (monster, bogey), pl. yryg, 2) glamog (i ’lamog), pl. glemyg (in glemyg) (WJ:391), 3) ”

orchoth

noun. the Orcs (as a race)

glam

noun. any body of Orcs

glamb

noun. any body of Orcs

glamhoth

noun. barbaric host of Orcs

glamhoth

noun. din-hord, the orcs

glam(b) (“shouting, confused noise, an orc”) + hoth (“crowd, hord”, here used as collective plural suffix)

glamm

noun. any body of Orcs

glamog

noun. orc

glam

body of orcs

(i ’lam) (din, uproar, tumult, confused yelling of beasts; shouting, confused noise), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath

glamhoth

host of tumult

(a term for Orcs, also translated ”Yelling-horde”). (UT:54, MR:109, 195;

glamog

noun. an Orc, "a yelling one"

urug

noun. Orc (rarely used)

urug

noun. "bogey", anything that caused fear to the Elves, any dubious shape or shadow, or prowling creature

glam

noun. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise

glam

noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts

glamb

noun. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise

glamb

noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts

glamm

noun. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise

glamm

noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts

hador

masculine name. Warrior

Leader of the House of Hador, one of the three tribes of the Edain (S/147). In a geneology from 1959, the name seems to be translated “Warrior” in Hador Lorindol “the Warrior Goldenhead”, appearing beneath S. Magor “the Sword” and S. Hathol “the Axe” (WJ/234).

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name appeared as N. Hádor and Hador with both long and short a (LR/146). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. hador was translated as “thrower” (Ety/KHAT).

paeth

noun. speech

probably related to Q. pahta 'speech'. >> Golodhbaeth

paeth

noun. speech

daug

warrior

(i naug, o ndaug) (soldier), pl. doeg (i ndoeg), coll. pl. dogath. Compounded as -dog in the name Boldog (= baul-daug, ✱”torment-warrior”)

glamhoth

Glamhoth

The first part, glam, means "barbaric speech", and is an expansion of lam, "tongue, language". An individual within the group is referred to as a glamog, and glam appears in Glamdring. The second element, hoth is a common suffix to denote a collection of people.

hadron

warrior

(i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath.

maethor

warrior

1. maethor (i vaethor), analogical pl. maethyr (i maethyr), 2) (”thrower” or ”hurler”, i.e. of spears or darts) hadron (i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath. 3) (primarily Orkish warrior) daug (i naug, o ndaug) (soldier), pl. doeg (i ndoeg), coll. pl. dogath. Compounded as -dog in the name Boldog (= baul-daug, *”torment-warrior”)

maethor

warrior

(i vaethor), analogical pl. maethyr (i maethyr)

orch

noun. goblin

orch

noun. Goblin, Orc

daug

noun. warrior, soldier (chiefly used of Orcs)

daug

noun. warrior, soldier (chiefly used of orcs), warrior, soldier [with evil connotations]

glamb

noun. any body of Orcs

glamhoth

noun. barbaric host of Orcs

glamhoth

collective name. Orcs, (lit.) Barbaric Host

glamm

noun. any body of Orcs

glamb

noun. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise

glamb

noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts

glamm

noun. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise

glamm

noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts

maethor

noun. warrior

maethor

noun. warrior

gorgûn

collective noun. orcs, orc-folk

urku/urkō

noun. orc

urch

noun. Orc

ūriʃ

noun. orcs

urc

noun. Orc

pl. yrc. In the Etymologies, the primitive form of this word is given as órku (defined as "goblin"), derived from an undefined stem ÓROK (LR:379).

This stem may be understood as a vowel-prefixed variant of the stem ROK "horse", assuming that this originally referred to the steed of the monstrous "dark Rider upon his wild horse" that haunted the Elves by Cuiviénen, assuming that the stem ROK was originally associated with Melkor's creatures. However, Tolkien later derived the Elvish words for "Orc" from a stem RUKU having to do with fear (WJ:389) and listed tentative primitive forms: urku, uruku, urkô. Since primitive final -u is lost in Nandorin (cf. Utum from Utubnu), the forms urku and uruku would evidently be capable of yielding Green-elven urc (while urkô would rather come out as *urca; cf. golda "Noldo" from ñgolodô). The plural form yrc clearly shows umlaut caused by the lost Primitive Quendian plural ending -î; cf. the umlaut caused by the primitive adjectival ending -i, primitive lugni "blue" yielding lygn.

uruk

noun. Orc

uruk-hai

noun. Orc-folk

rukhs

noun. Orc

orka

noun. orc