Quenya 

luinë

blue

luinë adj. "blue", pl. luini (PE17:66, VT48:23, 24, 28, Nam, RGEO:66). Common Eldarin luini- would also be the stem-form in Quenya (VT48:24). Compare luinincë. Apparently -luin in Illuin, the name of one of the Lamps of the Valar (q.v.), Helluin, name of the star Sirius, and Luinil, name of another blue-shining star (or planet). (SA; Luinil is tentatively identified with Neptune, MR:435). Cf. also menelluin "sky-blue", used as noun = "cornflower" (J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator p. 193).

luinë

adjective. blue

Cognates

  • S. luin “blue” ✧ SA/luin; VT48/23; VT48/28
  • T. luinë “blue” ✧ VT48/28

Derivations

  • LUY “blue” ✧ VT48/23
  • luini “blue” ✧ VT48/24
    • LUY “blue” ✧ VT48/24

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
LUY > luine[luini] > [luine]✧ VT48/23
luini > luine[luini] > [luine]✧ VT48/24

Variations

  • luine ✧ PE17/066; VT48/23; VT48/24; VT48/28
  • luini ✧ PE17/071
  • luin ✧ SA/luin
Quenya [LotR/0377; PE17/066; PE17/071; RGEO/58; SA/luin; VT48/23; VT48/24; VT48/28] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lúnë

blue

lúnë (stem *lúni-, given the primitive form ¤lugni) adj. "blue" (LUG2, LT1:262; later sources rather give luinë, with pl. form luini_ in Namárië)_. According to VT45:29, lúnë in the Etymologies was changed by Tolkien from lúna.

Illuin

blue

Illuin place-name, name of one of the Lamps of the Valar; apparently incorporating the element luin "blue" (Silm): hence *"all-blue"?

ninwa

blue

ninwa adj. "blue" (LT1:262)

Sindarin 

luin

adjective. blue

Sindarin [LotR (misc.), S/434, UT/390, Ety/370, VT/48:24] Group: SINDICT. Published by

luin

blue

adj. blue. . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:136] < *_luini-_ blue. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

luin

jhJ5 adjective. blue

Examples: Ered luin, Helluin, Luinil, Mindolluin

Sindarin [Let/448.1013, SA/luin.001, UT/390.0701, VT48/23.1104, VT48/24.2102, VT48/28.3615] Group: Verified and confirmed. Published by

luin

adjective. blue

Cognates

  • Q. luinë “blue” ✧ SA/luin; VT48/23; VT48/28

Derivations

  • LUY “blue” ✧ VT48/23
  • luini “blue” ✧ VT48/24
    • LUY “blue” ✧ VT48/24

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
LUY > Luin[luini] > [luine] > [luin]✧ VT48/23
luini > luin[luini] > [luine] > [luin]✧ VT48/24

Variations

  • Luin ✧ Let/448; VT48/23
Sindarin [Let/448; S/162; SA/luin; UT/390; VT48/23; VT48/24; VT48/28] Group: Eldamo. Published by

elu

adjective. (pale) blue

Sindarin [Ety/360, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

blue

adj. blue. . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:136] < _(s)lowā_ < (S)LOW9. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

luin

blue

luin (no distinct pl. form, as demonstrated by the name Ered Luin ”Blue Mountains”) (VT48:24)

Telerin 

luinë

adjective. blue

Cognates

  • Q. luinë “blue” ✧ VT48/28

Derivations

  • luini “blue” ✧ VT48/24
    • LUY “blue” ✧ VT48/24

Variations

  • luine ✧ VT48/24; VT48/28
Telerin [VT48/24; VT48/28] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Quendya 

ulban

adjective. blue

Primitive elvish

lugni

adjective. blue

Primitive elvish [PE21/81] Group: Eldamo. Published by

luini

adjective. blue

Derivations

  • LUY “blue” ✧ VT48/24

Derivatives

  • Q. luinë “blue” ✧ VT48/24
  • S. luin “blue” ✧ VT48/24
  • T. luinë “blue” ✧ VT48/24

Element in

  • S. Ered Luin “Blue Mountains” ✧ PE17/136; VT48/27

Variations

  • LUINI ✧ PE17/136 (LUINI); PE17/161
  • luini- ✧ PE17/136 (luini-); VT48/27 (luini-)
Primitive elvish [PE17/136; PE17/161; VT48/24; VT48/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

luy

root. blue

The Elvish words for “blue” remained very similar throughout Tolkien’s life, but underwent a number of minor conceptual shifts. The word ᴱQ. lūne “blue, deep blue” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s in a collection of words along with ᴱQ. lūle “blue stone, sapphire”, but no root was given (QL/55). The word for “blue” in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon was G. luim (GL/55). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, the root for “blue” was ᴹ√LUG with derivatives ᴹQ. lúne and N. lhûn (Ety/LUG²).

Meanwhile, the root ᴹ√LUY appeared in The Etymologies with derivatives ᴹQ. luina and Dor. luin “pale” (EtyAC/LUY), probably connected to ᴱN. Draugluin “Werewolf Pale” from the Lays of Beleriand of the 1920s (LB/205). But in The Etymologies the root ᴹ√LUY was rejected, and Dor. luin “pale” was reassigned to ᴹ√LUG² and then revised in form to Dor. lūn (Ety/LUG²; EtyAC/LUG²).

In addition, there was already evidence of a conceptual shift in the Noldorin words for blue in the 1930s, with the name N. Eredluin “Blue Mountains” being given as an alternative to N. Lhúnorodrim and N. Lhúndirien “Blue Towers” (Ety/LUG²), the latter appearing as N. Luindirien in contemporaneous Silmarillion narratives (LR/267). By the 1950s and 60s, the Sindarin and Quenya words for “blue” had firmly become S. luin (Let/448; S/54; UT/390) and Q. luinë (LotR/377; PE17/66, 71). The root √LUY “blue” appeared in notes from the late 1960s serving as the new basis for these “blue” words (VT48/23-24, 26).

All this made a mess for the river name S. Lhûn (LotR/1134) from The Lord of the Rings which was a remnant of Tolkien’s earlier ideas, and he struggled to find a new basis for that name as discussed by Patrick Wynne in his article on The Problem of Lhûn (VT48/26-29).

Derivatives

  • luini “blue” ✧ VT48/24
    • Q. luinë “blue” ✧ VT48/24
    • S. luin “blue” ✧ VT48/24
    • T. luinë “blue” ✧ VT48/24
  • ᴺQ. luilë “sapphire, blue stone”
  • Q. luinë “blue” ✧ VT48/23
  • ᴺS. lui “blueness; livor, livid mark, *bruise”
  • S. luin “blue” ✧ VT48/23
Primitive elvish [VT48/23; VT48/24; VT48/26] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

lhûn

adjective. (unknown meaning)

This word, which also appears on the map of Middle-earth in LotR, is glossed as "blue" in The Etymologies, but Tolkien later rejected this meaning (as luin was already used in that sense). He then proposed several explanations for it, including the possible adaptation of a Dwarvish name into Sindarin, but he apparently never reached a definitive solution.

Noldorin [Ety/370, VT/48:24-29] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhûn

adjective. blue

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lúne “blue, blue, [ᴱQ.] deep blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶lugni “blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²
    • ᴹ√LUG “*blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶lugni > lhûn[lugni] > [lugne] > [luŋne] > [lūne] > [lūn] > [l̥ūn]✧ Ety/LUG²
ᴹ✶lugni > luin[lugnī] > [lugni] > [luŋni] > [lūni] > [luin] > [l̥uin]✧ Ety/LUG²
Noldorin [Ety/LUG²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

elw

adjective. (pale) blue

Noldorin [Ety/360, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

lúne

adjective. blue, blue, [ᴱQ.] deep blue

Changes

  • lúnalúne ✧ Ety/LUG²

Cognates

  • N. lhûn “blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²
  • Ilk. lûn “pale” ✧ Ety/LUG²
  • Dan. lygn “pale” ✧ Ety/LUG²

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶lugni “blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²; EtyAC/LUG²
    • ᴹ√LUG “*blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²

Element in

  • ᴹQ. Lunoronti “Blue Mountains” ✧ Ety/LUG²

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶lugni > lúne[lugni] > [lugne] > [luŋne] > [lūne]✧ Ety/LUG²

Variations

  • lúna ✧ EtyAC/LUG² (lúna)
Qenya [Ety/LUG²; EtyAC/LUG²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

lugni

adjective. blue

Changes

  • lugnālugni ✧ Ety/LUG²

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LUG “*blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²

Derivatives

  • Ilk. lûn “pale” ✧ Ety/LUG²
  • Dan. lygn “pale” ✧ Ety/LUG²
  • ᴹQ. lúne “blue, blue, [ᴱQ.] deep blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²; EtyAC/LUG²
  • N. lhûn “blue” ✧ Ety/LUG²

Variations

  • lugnā ✧ EtyAC/LUG² (lugnā)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LUG²; EtyAC/LUG²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

luim

adjective. blue

Cognates

  • Eq. lúne “blue, deep blue” ✧ LT1A/Nielluin

Element in

  • G. Fangluin “Bluebeard” ✧ LT2A/Fangluin
  • G. Niothluimi “the Bee of Azure” ✧ LT1A/Nielluin

Variations

  • luin ✧ LT2A/Fangluin
Gnomish [GL/55; LT1A/Nielluin; LT2A/Fangluin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

luin

adjective. blue

Early Noldorin

nainn

adjective. blue

Cognates

  • Eq. ninwa “blue” ✧ PE13/164

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶nindyā “blue” ✧ PE13/150; PE13/164
    • ᴱ√NINI “*blue”

Variations

  • neinn ✧ PE13/164 (neinn)
Early Noldorin [PE13/150; PE13/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

nindyā

adjective. blue

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NINI “*blue”

Derivatives

  • Eq. ninwa “blue” ✧ PE13/164
  • En. nainn “blue” ✧ PE13/150; PE13/164

Variations

  • nindyá ✧ PE13/150
Early Primitive Elvish [PE13/150; PE13/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

ninda

adjective. blue

ninwa

adjective. blue

Changes

  • ninyaninda ✧ PE16/138

Cognates

  • En. nainn “blue” ✧ PE13/164

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶nindyā “blue” ✧ PE13/164
    • ᴱ√NINI “*blue”
  • ᴱ√NINI “*blue” ✧ QL/066

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶nindyā > ninya[nindʲā] > [nindʲa] > [ninja]✧ PE13/164
ᴱ√NINI > ninwa[ninwā] > [ninwa]✧ QL/066

Variations

  • ninya ✧ PE13/164; PE16/138 (ninya)
Early Quenya [LT1A/Nielluin; PE13/164; PE16/138; PME/066; QL/066; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ninya

adjective. blue