book, writing, composition
Quenya
parma
book
parma
noun. book, writing, composition, written document of some size, book, writing, composition, written document of some size; [ᴱQ.] skin, bark; parchment
parma
noun. book
parmaitë
masculine name. *Book Handy
parmaquesta
proper name. Book-language
A term for the older form of Quenya spoken in the centuries before the exile of the Noldor, preserved mainly in writing (PE18/75, PE19/68). This name is a compound parma “book” and questa “speech”. This stage of the language is also known as “Classical Quenya” (see the Plotz Letter, VT6/14).
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies and the Lhammas from the 1930s, this term was given as ᴹQ. Parmalambe “Book-tongue” (Ety/PAR, LR/172). In contemporaneous linguistic documents from the 1930s, the term appeared as Parmaqestarin (PE22/15, 61) or ᴹQ. Parmaqesta (PE18/25; PE19/29; PE22/61). The latter term reappeared in linguistic documents from the 1950s (PE18/75, PE19/68).
parma-resta
noun. *book-fair
parmahenta-
verb. *to read
parmatéma
noun. p-series
parmahentië
noun. (book) reading
Parmaquesta
noun. book-language
book-language
parma mittarion
*book of enterings
parmatéma
noun. p-series
p-series
parmasan
noun. library [room]
parmassë
noun. literature, library
A neologism for “literature” coined by Elaran and posted on 2024-05-03 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), an abstract noun form of parma “book”. In in PPQ (PPQ) from the early 2000s, David Salo instead proposed using this word for “library”, but Elaran argued that a pure abstract noun would fit “literature” better; compare lindalë “music” as an abstraction of linda “melodious”. The VLDS discussion proposed a new neologism parmasan for library
parmaxë
noun. spine (of a book)
Parma Eldaliéva
noun/adjective. Elvish book
Parma Eldaliéva (S. Parf Edhellen) is derived from the words parma and eldaliéva. These words are not attested in this formation.
parmacas
noun. bookcase
parmahto
noun. author
parmalas(së)
noun. page, (lit.) leaf of book
parmasson
noun. librarian
parmacas (parmacaps-)
qE6t#aD8 noun. book case, bookcase
-lya
thy, your
-lya 2nd person sg. formal/polite pronominal suffix "thy, your" (VT49:16, 38, 48). In tielyanna "upon your path" (UT:22 cf. 51), caritalya(s) "your doing (it)" (VT41:17), esselya "thy name" (VT43:14), onnalya "your child" (VT49:41, 42), parma-restalyanna *"upon your book-fair" (VT49:38), and, in Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer, in the various translations of "thy kingdom": aranielya in the final version, earlier turinastalya, túrinastalya, turindielya, túrindielya (VT43:15). Also in indómelya (changed from mendelya) "thy will" (VT43:15-16)
-nen
most nouns have an instrumental in -nen
-nen instrumental ending (pl. -inen, dual -nten, partitive pl. -línen). Attested in ambartanen, lírinen, lintieryanen, súrinen, parmanen; see ambar (#2), lírë, lintië, súrë, parma. Tolkien noted that "most nouns have an instrumental in -nen" (PE17:62), a wording suggesting that the form of the ending may vary; given the normal development ln > ld, it is possible that it would appear as *-den when added to a noun in -l (*macilden "with a sword").
-nna
to, at, upon
-nna "to, at, upon", allative ending, originating from -na "to" with fortified n, VT49:14. Attested in cilyanna, coraryanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, númenórenna, parma-restalyanna, rénna, senna, tielyanna, q.v. If a noun ends in -n already, the ending -nna merges with it, as in Amanna, formenna, Elenna, númenna, rómenna as the allative forms of Aman, formen, elen, númen, rómen (q.v.). Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v.
ces-
to search (for something), to examine (something) in order to find (something)
ces- (Þ) ("k"), "to search (for something), to examine (something) in order to find (something)"; the root meaning is given as "enquire of, question, examine" (something). Cesë parma "to look in a book" (for a passage or information required); here the aorist stem cesë is used as infinitive. Notice that ces- here takes a simple direct object parma (not locative *parmassë, despite the translation). Past tense cense (Þ) given, replacing the phonologically expected form centë (also cited). (PE17:156)
loiparë
mistake in writing
loiparë noun "a mistake in writing" (PE17:151). Cf. parma.
resta
sown field, acre
resta noun "sown field, acre" (VT46:11 cf. RED-). The word parma-restalyanna, probably meaning *"(up)on your book-fair", seems to use #resta in the sense of "fair" (as held in a field?) Carl F. Hostetter however suggests that #resta "fair" may be related to ré "day" (VT49:39-40); if so this word is wholly distinct from resta "sown field".
-sta
your
-sta (1) "your", dual 2nd person possessive pronominal ending: "of you two" (VT49:45, 16), cf. -stë (q.v.) Genitive -sto in veryanwesto "of your wedding" (VT49:45) and tengwiesto "of your reading" (VT49:47), allative -stanna in parmastanna "on your book" (VT49:47). An archaic ending of similar form could also be the third person dual "of the two of them" (but according to VT49:51, the corresponding subject ending was changed to -ttë, and then the ending for "their" would presumably become -tta)
henta-
to eye, to examine (with the eyes), scan; to read (silently)
henta- vb. "to eye, to examine (with the eyes), scan; to read (silently)" (for "read aloud", et-henta is used). Forms cited: Aorist henta, present continuative hentëa, "aorist past" hentanë, perfect ehentanië. Gerund #hentië "reading", isolated from parmahentië "book reading" (PE17:77, 156).
-cca
your
[-cca ("k") ?"your", apparently an abandoned 2nd person plural or dual possessive (VT49:49). Compare -lca.]
-lca
your
[-lca ("k") ?"your", apparently an abandoned 2nd person plural possessive (VT49:49). Cf. -cca.]
-lda
your
-lda (1) "your", 2nd person pl. possessive suffix (VT49:16). Onnalda *"your child" (VT49:42). In an earlier manuscript, this ending was used for singular "you" instead, attested in the phrase Arwen vanimalda "Arwen your beauty", sc. "O beautiful Arwen", and in meletyalda "your majesty" (WJ:369) Arwen vanimalda was however changed to Arwen vanimelda in the second edition of LotR, Tolkien reinterpreting the last word (see vanimalda). The ending for singular "your" appears as -lya elsewhere. (LotR1:II ch. 6)
-nna
to
-n (1) dative ending, originating as a reduced form of -nă "to", related to the allative ending -nna (VT49:14). Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon (q.v.) and also added to the English name Elaine (Elainen) in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths (VT49:40). The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna (q.v.), also in the noun mariéna from márië "goodness" (PE17:59). Pl. -in (as in hínin, see hína), partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt (Plotz). The preposition ana (#1) is said to be used "when purely dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for "to God". In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the ending -n (or -en) expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o (cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200).
-tya,
your, thy
-tya, pronominal ending, 2nd person sg. intimate/familiar "your, thy" (VT49:16, 38, 48); compare -tyë
ana
to
ana (1) prep. "to" (VT49:35), "as preposition _ana _is used when purely _dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that the preposition ana can be used instead of the dative ending -n (#1, q.v.) Also as prefix: ana- "to, towards" (NĀ1); an (q.v.) is used with this meaning in one source (PE17:127)_
helma
skin, fell
helma noun "skin, fell" (SKEL), changed by Tolkien from halma (VT46:14)
na
to, towards
na (2) prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by #1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead (NĀ1). Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana (VT45:36).
loiparë
noun. mistake in writing
resta
noun. sown field
sown field, tilled ground, acre
parma noun "book", also name of tengwa #2 (PAR, Appendix E). In early "Qenya", the gloss was "skin, bark, parchment, book, writings" (LT2:346); Tolkien later revisited the idea that parma basically is a noun "peel" and refers to bark or skin (as primitive writing materials, PE17:86): "peel, applied to bark or skin, hence "book", bark (literally skinning, peeling off), parchment, book; a book (or written document of some size")" (PE17:123). In the meantimeTolkien had associated the word with a root PAR meaning "compose, put together" (LR:380); the word loiparë "mistake in writing" (q.v.) may also suggest that the root PAR at one point was to mean "write", so that a parma was a "written thing". Instrumental form parmanen "with a book" or "by means of a book" (PE17:91, 180), parmastanna "on your book" (with the endings -sta dual "your", -nna allative) (VT49:47), parmahentië noun "book reading" (PE17:77). Other compounds: parmalambë noun "book-language" = Q[u]enya (PAR), #parma-resta noun "book-fair", attested with the endings -lya "thy" and the allative ending -nna (parma-restalyanna *"upon your book-fair") (VT49:38, 39). Parma as the name of the tengwa letter for P occurs compunded in parmatéma noun "p-series", labials, the second column of the Tengwar system (Appendix E).