Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Early Primitive Elvish

rese

root. kinsman

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

rese

root. aid, support

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

reðe

root. kinsman

The form reðe was a root added under ᴱ√RESE [REÞE] “aid, support” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with derivatives of ᴱ√RESE having to do with “kinship” reassigned to reðe, such as ᴱQ. renda “related, of the same kin or clan” and ᴱQ. resse “kinswoman, cousin” (QL/79). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon Tolkien had a similar set of words likewise derived from distinct reth- vs. redh-, with the latter most likely being the basis for words like G. redhin “related” and G. ress “cousin (f.), relative” (GL/65). The root was given as RESE- “kinsman” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/79), but the addition of reðe may be later than that document.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I think it is worth positing a Neo-Root ᴺ√RE(N)D to preserve these early kinship and cousin words, for which we have no later alternatives. It might be considered a variant of later root √RED “scatter, sow” (Ety/RED; PE19/91) and thus applied only to more distant kin.

Derivatives

  • Eq. renda “related, of the same kin or clan” ✧ QL/079
  • Eq. rendi “*kinship, kin, kindred, clan” ✧ QL/079
  • Eq. rendo “kinsman, cousin” ✧ QL/079
  • Eq. resse “kinswoman, cousin” ✧ QL/079
  • G. grendi “cousinship, family (in a wide sense)”
  • G. redhin “related” ✧ GL/65
  • G. ren(d) “cousin (m.), relative” ✧ GL/65
  • G. redhweg “cousin [m.]” ✧ GL/65
  • G. rest “kinship” ✧ GL/65
  • G. renni “family” ✧ GL/65
  • G. ress “cousin (f.), relative” ✧ GL/65
  • G. redhwin “cousin [f.]” ✧ GL/65
  • G. restu “out of land, abroad, away from home” ✧ GL/65

Element in

Variations

  • redh- ✧ GL/65
  • RESE ✧ PME/079
  • reðe ✧ QL/079
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/65; PME/079; QL/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by

reþe

root. aid, support

A root given as ᴱ√RESE “aid, support” (gloss marked with a “?”) in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, but Tolkien later decided that it was confused with another root ᴱ√reðe which seemed to do with kinship (QL/79). After this change, forms derived from ᴱ√RESE “aid” probably still included ᴱQ. resta in the sense “support”, as well as ᴱQ. resta- “aid, come to aid of, rescue, save”. In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon Tolkien has a similar set of words likewise derived from distinct reth- vs. redh- (GL/65), indicating the true form of ᴱ√RESE was probably ᴱ√REÞE, since þ became s in Qenya. As Gnomish derivatives of reth- Tolkien initially gave G. rest, G. resta-, G. reth- (GL/65), but these were deleted leaving only G. grest “succour, salvation”, G. gresta- “aid, help, succour, support”, and G. gretha- “save, rescue, preserve” (GL/42).

It is possible the root ᴱ√REÞE reemerged as √REK “recover, get out/away, save from ruin/peril/loss” given in Tolkien’s later writings as the basis for S. edraith “rescue, saving” (PE17/38).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin I think it is worth positing a (Sindarin only) Neo-Root ᴺ√(G)RETH to salvage some of these Gnomish words.

Derivatives

  • ᴱ✶res-rŭ “kinsman, cousin” ✧ QL/079
    • Eq. rendo “kinsman, cousin” ✧ QL/079
  • Eq. resta- “to aid, come to aid of, rescue, save” ✧ QL/079
  • Eq. rendi “*kinship, kin, kindred, clan” ✧ QL/079
  • Eq. resse “kinswoman, cousin” ✧ QL/079
  • Eq. resta “support; kinship, kin, kindred, clan” ✧ QL/079
  • G. grest “succour, salvation”
  • G. rest “aid, support, help” ✧ GL/65
  • G. gresta- “to aid, help, succour, support”
  • G. resta- “to support, to aid” ✧ GL/65
  • G. gretha- “to save, rescue, preserve”
  • G. reth- “to save, rescue, preserve” ✧ GL/65

Variations

  • reth- ✧ GL/65
  • RESE ✧ QL/079
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/65; QL/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by