rau

lion

rau (pl. rávi) noun "lion" (LT1:260; the pl. of this "Qenya" form is valid in Tolkien's later Quenya as well, but the sg. he changed to rá, q.v.)

rá

lion

rá (2) noun "lion", stem #ráv- as in the pl. rávi (RAW). Compare rau.

rá

noun. lion

An archaic word for “lion” mentioned in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, versus more common Q. rauro (PE19/99, 104).

Conceptual Development: This word has a lengthy history in Tolkien’s conception of Elvish, dating all the way back to ᴱQ. rau “lion” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a derivative of the early root ᴱ√RAVA (QL/79). In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, Tolkien had rú “lion” (PE21/40). It appeared in The Etymologies from later in the 1930s as ᴹQ. rá “lion” derived from primitive ᴹ✶rāu [rāw] under the root ᴹ√RAW, with plural form rávi (Ety/RAW).

In the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from this period Tolkien had (unglossed) rāva < rāwa (PE19/62), but in Notes for Qenya Declensions from the 1940s Tolkien had (unglossed) rāu < rắwă (PE21/69). The last clear mention in currently published materials is in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, as discussed above.

Cognates

• ᴺS. raw “lion”

Derivations

• ✶rāw “lion” ✧ PE19/099; PE19/104
  • ᴹ√RAW “*roar”

Element in

• ᴺQ. ëarra “seal, sea lion”
• ᴺQ. picara “leopard”
• ᴺQ. rimpira “tiger, (lit.) stripe-lion”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶rāw > rá	[rāw] > [rā]	✧ PE19/099
✶rāw > rá	[rāw] > [rā]	✧ PE19/104

Variations

• rá ✧ PE19/099 (rá); PE19/104

rá†

noun. lion

lion

merca

wild, untamed

[merca ("k")adj. "wild, untamed" (MERÉK, VT45:34)] Compare verca.

rauro

noun. lion

lion

rauro

noun. lion

The common Quenya word for “lion” (more literally “roarer”) appearing in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, as opposed to archaic Q. †rá (PE19/99, 104); see that entry for further discussion of its conceptual development.

Derivations

• ✶rāw “lion” ✧ PE19/099
  • ᴹ√RAW “*roar”
• ✶raurō “roarer” ✧ PE19/104
  • ᴹ√RAW “*roar”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶rāw > raurō	[rauro]	✧ PE19/099
✶rau̯rō > rauro	[raurō] > [rauro]	✧ PE19/104

Variations

• raurō ✧ PE19/099

ráva

bank

ráva (2) noun "bank" (especially of a river) (RAMBĀ)

verca

wild

verca ("k")adj. "wild" (BERÉK)

hráva

wild

hráva adj. "wild" (PE17:78); see ráva #1.

hrávë

flesh

hrávë noun "flesh" (MR:349)

hrávë

noun. flesh

A word for “flesh” appearing in documents from 1959, derived from primitive ✶srāwe based on the root √SRAW (MR/349-350).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had ᴱQ. hara or haranda “flesh-meat” (QL/39), also mentioned as hara(nda) “fleshmeat” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/39). These early forms might have been a precursor to later hrávë. Another potential precursor is ᴱQ. sarko (sarku-) “flesh, living flesh, body” from the early root ᴱ√SṚKṚ “fat” (QL/86).

Cognates

• S. rhaw “flesh, body” ✧ MR/471; MR/350; MR/470

Derivations

• ✶srāwe “*flesh” ✧ MR/350
  • √SRAW “body, flesh”

Element in

• ᴺQ. hrávëa “fleshly, carnal”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶srāwe > hrávë	[srāwe] > [r̥āwe] > [r̥āβe] > [r̥āve]	✧ MR/350

sarco

flesh

sarco ("k") noun "flesh" (LT2:347; Tolkien's later Quenya has hrávë)

rhaw

adjective. wild

adj. wild. Q. hráva. Tolkien wrote this entry as "rhaw [f]" (PE17:78).

rhaw

adjective. wild, wild, [N.] untamed

Cognates

• Q. hráva “wild, savage, wild, savage, [ᴹQ.] untamed” ✧ PE17/078

Derivations

• √SRAB “wild, not tamed/domesticated” ✧ PE17/078

Element in

• S. rhovan “wilderness; wild beast”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√S-RAB > rhaw(f)	[srāba] > [r̥āba] > [r̥ǭba] > [r̥ǭva] > [r̥auva] > [r̥auv] > [r̥au]	✧ PE17/078

Variations

• rhaw(f) ✧ PE17/078

rhaw

noun. flesh, body

rhaw

noun. flesh, body

A Sindarin word appearing in documents from 1959, a melding of primitive ✶srawā “body” and ✶srāwe “flesh”, both based on the root √SRAW (MR/349-350). It reappeared in notes from 1968 with just the gloss “flesh” as a derivative for primitive srā (VT47/12).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would only use rhaw for “flesh” (of a living body), and would retain the 1957 word S. rhond for “body”; see that entry for discussion.

Cognates

• Q. hrávë “flesh” ✧ MR/471; MR/350; MR/470
• Q. hröa “body, bodily form, flesh; physical matter” ✧ MR/350

Derivations

• ✶srāwe “*flesh” ✧ MR/350
  • √SRAW “body, flesh”
• √SRAW “body, flesh” ✧ VT47/35

Element in

• ᴺS. rhofelf “body-feeling, [physical] sensation”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶srāwe > rhaw	[srāwe] > [r̥āwe] > [r̥ǭwe] > [r̥auwe] > [r̥auw] > [r̥au]	✧ MR/350

Variations

• rhaw ✧ MR/350; MR/470; MR/471; VT47/12

raw

noun. lion

raw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

rhavan

noun. wild man

rhond

noun. body

n. body. >> rhonn, rhû

rhond

noun. body

A Sindarin word for “body”, cognate of Q. hrondo, appearing as rhonn in Quenya Notes from 1957 (QN: PE17/183) and as rhond or rhonn in notes concerning spirit, also probably from 1957 (NM/237). In the former document, it was derived from the root √SRON, a variant of √RON “solid, tangible, firm” (PE17/183).

Neo-Sindarin: Its Quenya cognate hrondo was replaced by Q. hröa < ✶srawā in notes from 1958-59 (MR/209, 350). However, the Sindarin equivalent of hroa was rhaw, a word that also meant “flesh” along with many other (Neo) Sindarin meanings such as “wild” and “lion”. As such, I would retain rhond as “body” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin; the continued viability of the root √RON is indicated by other words like S. Grond.

Cognates

• Q. hrondo “(physical) body, corporeal form” ✧ PE17/183

Derivations

• √SRON “flesh, substance, matter, substance, matter, flesh” ✧ PE17/183
  • √RON “solid, tangible, firm” ✧ PE17/183

Element in

• S. Elrond “Star-dome” ✧ PE17/183

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√SRON > rhond > rhonn	[srondo] > [r̥ondo] > [r̥ond] > [r̥onn]	✧ PE17/183

Variations

• rhonn ✧ NM/237; PE17/183

rhonn

noun. body

n. body. >> rhond, rhû

rhaw

wild

1) rhaw (untamed). Lenited ?thraw or ?raw (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhoe. (VT46:10) Note: a homophone means ”flesh, body”, 2) braig (fierce), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34), 3) lothren (waste), pl. lethrin for archaic löthrin (VT45:29)

rhaw

wild

(untamed). Lenited ?thraw or ?raw (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhoe. (VT46:10) Note: a homophone means ”flesh, body”

rhaw

flesh

rhaw (?i thraw or ?i raw the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (body), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350)

rhaw

flesh

(?i thraw or ?i raw – *the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (body), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350)*

rhaw

body

rhaw (?i thraw or ?i raw the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (flesh), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350).

rhaw

body

(?i thraw or ?i raw – *the lenition product of rh is uncertain) (flesh), pl. rhoe (?idh roe). Note: a homophone means ”wild, untamed”. (MR:350)*.

rhaw

untamed

rhaw (wild). Lenited ?thraw or ?raw (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhoe. (VT46:10) Note: a homophone means ”flesh, body”.

rhaw

untamed

(wild). Lenited ?thraw or ?raw (the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhoe. (VT46:10) Note: a homophone means ”flesh, body”.

raw

lion

*raw (pl. roe, idh roe). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhaw, pl rhui. Homophones mean ”bank” (of river) and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

noun. lion

Cognates

• Q. rá “lion”

raw

lion

(pl. roe, idh roe). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhaw, pl rhui. Homophones mean ”bank” (of river) and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

bank

(esp. river-bank) raw (pl. roe, idh roe), coll. pl. ?rawath or ?roath. Note: homophones mean ”lion” and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

bank

(pl. roe, idh roe), coll. pl. ?rawath or ?roath. Note: homophones mean ”lion” and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

braig

wild

(fierce), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34)

lothren

wild

(waste), pl. lethrin for archaic löthrin (VT45:29)

fân

manifested body of a vala

(veil, cloud), construct fan, pl. fain.

bellas

bodily strength

(i vellas), pl. bellais (i mellais) if there is a pl.

rāw

noun. lion

Derivations

• ᴹ√RAW “*roar”

Derivatives

• Q. rá “lion” ✧ PE19/099; PE19/104
• Q. rauro “lion” ✧ PE19/099

srawā

noun. body

Derivations

• √SRAW “body, flesh” ✧ VT47/35

Derivatives

• Q. hröa “body, bodily form, flesh; physical matter” ✧ MR/350; VT41/14; VT47/35

Element in

• ✶mi-srawanwe “put into flesh” ✧ MR/350

Variations

• srawa ✧ VT47/35

srā

noun. flesh

Derivations

• √SRAW “body, flesh” ✧ VT47/35

rhaw

adjective. wild, untamed

Meaning rectified according to VT/46:10

rhaw

noun. lion

rhaw

noun. lion

A noun appearing as N. rhaw “lion” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶rāu [rāw] under the root ᴹ√RAW (Ety/RAW), where the initial r was unvoiced to rh as was generally the case in Noldorin. It had a Noldorin plural form of rhui.

Conceptual Development: G. rau “lion” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/65), probably a derivative of the early root ᴱ√RAVA like its cognate ᴱQ. rau “lion” (QL/79).

Neo-Sindarin: Since the unvoicing of initial liquids did not occur in Sindarin, many people adapt this word as ᴺS. raw “lion” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD). Its Sindarin-style plural is more likely to be roe(w) rather than ✱✱rui: compare Sindarin plural S. noeg of naug “dwarf” (UT/100) vs. its Noldorin plural N. nuig (EtyAC/NAUK).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. rá “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW

Derivations

• On. rō “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW; Ety/RAW
  • ᴹ✶rāu “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW
  • ᴹ√RAW “*roar” ✧ Ety/RAW

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. rō > rhaw	[rǭ] > [rou] > [rau] > [r̥au]	✧ Ety/RAW
On. rōwi > rhui	[rǭwi] > [rouwi] > [rauwi] > [ruiw] > [r̥uiw] > [r̥ui]	✧ Ety/RAW

Variations

• rhaw ✧ Ety/RAW

rhaw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

rhaw

adjective. wild, untamed

According to the editorial corrections in EtyAC/RAB, the gloss “wilderness” in The Etymologies is actually associated with a different word, rhofan, so that the proper gloss of this word is likely the same as its Quenya cognate ráva: “wild, untamed”.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. ráva “wild, untamed” ✧ Ety/RAB

Derivations

• ᴹ✶rāba “wild, untamed” ✧ Ety/RAB
  • ᴹ√RAB “*wild” ✧ Ety/RAB

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶rāba > rhaw	[rāba] > [rǭba] > [rouba] > [rouva] > [rauva] > [rauv] > [r̥auv] > [r̥au]	✧ Ety/RAB

Variations

• rhaw ✧ Ety/RAB; EtyAC/RAB

rhaw

noun. bank (especially of a river)

A noun given as N. rhaw “bank, especially of a river” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, a derivative of the root ᴹ√RAB, also the basis for N. rham “wall” (Ety/RAMBĀ; EtyAC/RAMBĀ).

Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Neo-Sindarin, this would would become ᴺS. raw as suggested in HSD (HSD), but I think it is better still to use the less ambiguous N. duirro for “river bank” given the other homonyms for S. raw.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. ráva “bank (especially of a river)” ✧ Ety/RAMBĀ

Derivations

• ᴹ√RAB “*wall” ✧ EtyAC/RAMBĀ

Element in

• N. duirro “*river-bank” ✧ Ety/RAMBĀ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√RAB² > rhaw	[rāba] > [rǭba] > [rouba] > [rouva] > [rauva] > [rauv] > [r̥auv] > [r̥au]	✧ EtyAC/RAMBĀ

Variations

• rhaw ✧ Ety/RAMBĀ

braig

adjective. wild, fierce

The form brerg in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:34

breig

adjective. wild, fierce

The form brerg in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:34