Quenya 

rin

dew

rin noun "dew" (LT1:265; rather rossë in LotR-style Quenya)

Sindarin 

idhrinn

noun. year

Sindarin [Ety/383, Ety/400, X/ND4] în+rind. Group: SINDICT. Published by

în

noun. year

A Sindarin word for “year”, derived from the primitive root ᴹ√YEN of similar meaning, with its vowel sound the result of [[s|a long [ē] becoming [ī]]].

Conceptual Development: The word în first appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s with the gloss and derivation given above. It did not directly appear in Tolkien’s later writings, but was an element in several later words such as S. ínias “annals” and S. iphant “aged” (lit. “year full”). Furthermore, its Quenya cognate yén did reappear in the Lord of the Rings appendices.

In The Etymologies, both N. în and ᴹQ. yén were glossed “year”, and there were other words for longer periods of time, such as ᴹQ. qantien “century, (lit.) full year” and N. anrand “cycle, age”. In the Lord of the Rings and other later writings, Tolkien changed the meaning Q. yén to an “Elvish century” of 144 years. It is quite likely that S. în also changed to this meaning, but since it did not appear as an independent word in later writing, we have no direct confirmation of this.

Neo-Sindarin: Most Neo-Sindarin writers continue to use în with the sense “year” (that is, a solar year of 365 days). If you are concerned with this word’s true meaning, you might instead use a neologism for this period of time, such as ᴺS. lóran or ᴺS. coranor, but since these are not in widespread use, it is less likely a reader would understand your meaning.

Cognates

  • Q. yén “Elvish long year (144 solar years)”

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YEN “year”

Element in

  • ᴺS. edinor “anniversary day”
  • S. ínias “annals” ✧ MR/200
  • S. iphant “*aged, [N.] aged, having lived long, (lit.) year-full”
  • ᴺS. penninor “full year (last day of year), *new year’s eve”

Variations

  • ín ✧ MR/200

mîdh

noun. dew

dew

Sindarin [PE 19:101] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

mîdh

noun. dew, dew, *moisture, damp(ness); [ᴱN.] mist, drizzle

A Sindarin word for “dew” given as míð in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s as a derivative of ✶mizdē “drizzle” (PE19/101), illustrating how [[os|[z] vanished before [d] lengthening preceding vowel]] in (Old) Sindarin.

Conceptual Development: N. mîdh “dew” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the same derivation as given above (Ety/MIZD), though Tolkien first wrote its gloss as “fine rain” (EtyAC/MIZD). This deleted gloss seems to be a remnant of ᴱN. midh “mist, drizzle” from Early Noldorin Word-lists, but there its primitive form was ᴱ✶míye (PE13/150).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would extend the meaning of this word to include “✱moisture, damp(ness)” in general, especially as the result of a previous rain.

Derivations

  • mizdē “drizzle” ✧ PE19/101
    • MIZDI “*fine rain, dew”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
mizdē > míð[mizdē] > [mizde] > [mīde] > [mīðe] > [mīð]✧ PE19/101

Variations

  • míð ✧ PE19/101
Sindarin [PE19/101] Group: Eldamo. Published by

idhrinn

year

(no distinct pl. form).

în

year

1) în, no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. ?íniath. 2) idhrinn (no distinct pl. form). LONG YEAR (Valian year) ennin. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.

în

year

no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. ?íniath.

ross

dew

(construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

mîdh

dew

1) mîdh (i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh), 2) ross (construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

mîdh

dew

(i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh)

Primitive elvish

labmē

noun. *language

Derivatives

  • lambē “tongue, language, dialect” ✧ WJ/416
    • Q. lambë “language, tongue, dialect” ✧ PE17/126; VT39/15; WJ/394
    • S. lam “(physical) tongue; language, (physical) tongue; language, [G.] speech” ✧ VT39/15; WJ/394
    • T. lambë “language” ✧ WJ/394
  • Q. lambë “language, tongue, dialect” ✧ WJ/416

Variations

  • lab-mē ✧ WJ/416
Primitive elvish [WJ/416] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

idhrin

noun. year

Noldorin [Ety/383, Ety/400, X/ND4] în+rind. Group: SINDICT. Published by

idhrind

noun. year

Noldorin [Ety/383, Ety/400, X/ND4] în+rind. Group: SINDICT. Published by

în

noun. year

Noldorin [Ety/400] Group: SINDICT. Published by

în

noun. year

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. yén “year” ✧ Ety/YEN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YEN “year” ✧ Ety/YEN

Element in

  • N. edinar “anniversary day”
  • N. Enedhin “Midyear week”
  • N. ennin “Valian year” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • N. idhrin “year, *(lit.) year-circle”
  • N. ingem “old (in mortal sense), suffering from old age, decrepit, (lit.) year-sick” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • N. ínias “annals” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • N. ifant “aged, having lived long, (lit.) year-full” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • N. penninar “full year (last day of year)” ✧ Ety/YEN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YEN > în[jēn] > [jīn] > [īn]✧ Ety/YEN

Variations

  • in ✧ Ety/YEN

ennin

noun. Valian year

Noldorin [Ety/400] and+în "long year". Group: SINDICT. Published by

mîdh

noun. dew

Noldorin [Ety/373] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mîdh

noun. dew

Changes

  • mídhmídh “fine rain” ✧ Ety/MIZD

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. miste “fine rain” ✧ Ety/MIZD

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶mizdē ✧ Ety/MIZD
    • ᴹ√MIZDI “*fine rain, dew” ✧ Ety/MIZD

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶mizdē > mídh[mizdē] > [mizde] > [mīde] > [mīðe] > [mīð]✧ Ety/MIZD

Variations

  • mídh ✧ Ety/MIZD; EtyAC/MIZD (mídh)
Noldorin [Ety/MIZD; EtyAC/MIZD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

loa

noun. year

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LAW “warm; abound”

Element in

  • ᴹQ. elloa “next year” ✧ PE22/124
  • ᴹQ. nóloa “yesteryear” ✧ PE22/124

yén

noun. year

Cognates

  • N. în “year” ✧ Ety/YEN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YEN “year” ✧ Ety/YEN

Element in

  • ᴹQ. Arendien “Midyear’s Day”
  • ᴹQ. Endien “Midyear (week)” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • ᴹQ. qantien “century, (lit.) full year” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • ᴹQ. linyenwa “old, having many years” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • ᴹQ. yénie “annals” ✧ MR/200
  • ᴹQ. yenya “last year”
  • ᴹQ. Minyen “first day [of year]” ✧ Ety/YEN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YEN > yén[jēn]✧ Ety/YEN

Variations

  • yen- ✧ EtyAC/YEN
Qenya [Ety/YEN; EtyAC/YEN; MR/200] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

rin

root. *circle

This root first appeared as unglossed ᴱ√RINI in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. rin (rind-) “year, circle” and ᴱQ. rinko “disc, orb, circle” (QL/80). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. rin- “revolve, return, come back; do again” and G. rinc “circular; disc, rondure” (GL/65), but also strengthened forms like G. †drinn “ring, disc” and G. drintha- “to turn (tr.), twist” (GL/30). The root reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. rinda/N. rhenn “circular” and ᴹQ. rinde/N. rhinn “circle” (Ety/RIN).

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. rinda “circular” ✧ Ety/RIN
  • ᴹQ. rinde “circle” ✧ Ety/RIN
  • ᴺQ. rinqua “revolving, returning, recurrent; round, circular”
  • ᴺS. drinna- “to turn, twist”
  • ᴺS. drint “twist, wrench, turn”
  • N. rhenn “circular” ✧ Ety/RIN
  • ᴺS. rin- “to revolve, return, come back; to do again”
  • N. rhinn “circle” ✧ Ety/RIN

Element in

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KOR; Ety/RIN; Ety/YEN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yenrinde

noun. year

Derivatives

  • N. idhrin “year, *(lit.) year-circle” ✧ Ety/YEN

Variations

  • ı̯en-rinde ✧ Ety/YEN
  • ien-rinde ✧ EtyAC/YEN
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/YEN; EtyAC/YEN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yen

root. year

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “year” with derivatives like ᴹQ. yén/N. în “year” (Ety/YEN). Tolkien’s ongoing use of words like Q. yén and S. ínias “annals” indicate its ongoing validity (LotR/377; MR/200), but in Quenya at least the meaning shifted to that of an “Elvish long year”, equal to 144 solar years (LotR/1107; MR/471; NM/84).

Derivatives

  • Q. yén “Elvish long year (144 solar years)”
  • ᴹQ. yén “year” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • N. ennin “Valian year” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • N. idhrin “year, *(lit.) year-circle” ✧ Ety/RIN
  • S. în “year”
  • N. în “year” ✧ Ety/YEN

Element in

  • ᴹ✶atyēnar “anniversary day” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • ᴹ✶yenpanta “aged, long-lived” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • ᴹ✶yenrinde “year” ✧ Ety/YEN
  • ᴹQ. yenya “last year” ✧ Ety/YA
  • N. ingem “old (in mortal sense), suffering from old age, decrepit, (lit.) year-sick” ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ
  • N. ifant “aged, having lived long, (lit.) year-full” ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ

Variations

  • YEN ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ; Ety/GENG-WĀ; Ety/LEP; Ety/RIN; Ety/YA; Ety/YEN
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GENG-WĀ; Ety/LEP; Ety/RIN; Ety/YA; Ety/YEN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

drim

noun. dew

A word for “dew” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/30), probably related to the early root ᴱ√RIŊI given its derivative ᴱQ. rin (ring-) “dew” (QL/80).

Cognates

  • Eq. rin “dew”

Derivations

fanuin

masculine name. Year

Gnomish [LT1/217; LT1/222; LT1A/Fanuin; LT1A/Gonlath; LT1I/Fanuin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-li

suffix. noun suffix

Element in

  • G. fabli “sense of touch” ✧ GL/33
  • G. brigli “variation” ✧ GL/24
  • G. togli “cap”
  • G. cwathli “plume, spray, tassel” ✧ GL/28
  • G. dothli “drizzle” ✧ GL/30 (dothli)
  • G. egli(n) “needle” ✧ GL/32
  • G. faigli “hair, long tresses” ✧ GL/33
  • G. fathli “tasselled fringe” ✧ GL/34
  • G. fafli “bladder” ✧ GL/33
  • G. fimli “skill” ✧ GL/35
  • G. fingli “narrow place, straits, sound, pass in mountains” ✧ GL/35
  • G. gethli “friendship” ✧ GL/38
  • G. gobli “dell” ✧ GL/40
  • G. gwembel “weevil” ✧ GL/45
  • G. fwegli “brush” ✧ GL/36
  • G. gimli “(sense of) hearing” ✧ GL/38
  • G. curuthli “enchantments, sorcery” ✧ GL/28
  • G. cwinglios “archery” ✧ GL/28
  • G. sogli “a drinking-horn” ✧ GL/68
  • G. tuthli “match”
Gnomish [GL/24; GL/28; GL/30; GL/32; GL/33; GL/34; GL/35; GL/36; GL/38; GL/40; GL/45; GL/68] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-on

suffix. noun suffix

Element in

  • G. gavon “harvest (time)” ✧ GL/38
  • G. glingon “song, chanting, chant” ✧ GL/39
Gnomish [GL/38; GL/39] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-wi

suffix. noun suffix

Element in

  • G. flathwi “scud, spray, spindrift” ✧ GL/35
  • G. hebwirol “circumspect” ✧ GL/48

Variations

  • -wi ✧ GL/35 (-wi); GL/48 (-wi)
Gnomish [GL/35; GL/48] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-thi

suffix. noun suffix

Element in

  • G. cailthi “kiss” ✧ GL/24
  • G. grilthi “finger-ring” ✧ GL/42
  • G. failthi “pallor” ✧ GL/33
  • G. finthi “idea, notion” ✧ GL/35
  • G. glant(hi) “cleanness” ✧ GL/39
  • G. gofelthi “exact similarity” ✧ GL/40
  • G. gwalthi “fortune, happiness” ✧ GL/44
  • G. gwanthi “fairness, beauty; a fair face, pretty” ✧ LT1A/Vána
  • G. gwilthi “peace” ✧ GL/45
  • G. halthi “sheath” ✧ GL/47

Variations

  • -thi ✧ GL/24 (-thi); GL/33 (-thi); GL/35 (-thi); GL/39 (-thi); GL/40 (-thi); GL/42 (-thi); GL/44 (-thi); GL/45 (-thi); GL/47 (-thi); LT1A/Vána (-thi)
Gnomish [GL/24; GL/33; GL/35; GL/39; GL/40; GL/42; GL/44; GL/45; GL/47; LT1A/Vána] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-wen

suffix. noun suffix

Element in

Variations

  • -wen ✧ GG/08 (-wen); GL/19 (-wen); GL/22 (-wen); GL/24 (-wen); GL/25 (-wen); GL/29 (-wen); GL/30 (-wen); GL/31 (-wen); GL/33 (-wen); GL/35 (-wen); GL/36 (-wen); GL/38 (-wen); GL/42 (-wen); GL/42 (-wen); GL/43 (-wen); GL/49 (-wen); LT1A/Palúrien (-wen); PE13/114 (-wen)
Gnomish [GG/08; GL/19; GL/22; GL/24; GL/25; GL/29; GL/30; GL/31; GL/33; GL/35; GL/36; GL/38; GL/42; GL/43; GL/49; LT1A/Palúrien; PE13/114] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fann

noun. year

Element in

  • G. Fanuin “Year” ✧ LT1A/Fanuin
Gnomish [GL/34; LT1A/Fanuin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lath

noun. year

Cognates

  • Eq. latta “year” ✧ GL/53

Element in

  • G. Lathweg ✧ LT1A/Gonlath (Lathos); LT1A/Gonlath (Lathweg)
  • G. Gonlath ✧ LT1A/Gonlath
  • G. teglath “noted year, special year, feast year” ✧ GL/69
Gnomish [GL/53; GL/69; LT1A/Gonlath] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-la

suffix. noun suffix

Element in

Variations

  • -la ✧ GL/24 (-la)

-od

suffix. noun suffix

Element in

  • G. archod “difficulty” ✧ PE13/110
  • G. cariod(wen) “activity” ✧ GL/25
  • G. driod “heroism, valour” ✧ GL/30
  • G. drogod “slavery, bondage, thraldom” ✧ GL/31
  • G. gruithod “ferocious wrath” ✧ GL/42
  • G. golod “stink, stench” ✧ GL/41
Gnomish [GL/25; GL/30; GL/31; GL/41; GL/42; PE13/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-st

suffix. noun suffix

Element in

  • G. haurost “dawn” ✧ GL/20 (aurost)

-weth

suffix. noun suffix

Element in

  • G. bronweth “constancy” ✧ GL/24
  • G. gedweth “kinship†, friendship” ✧ GL/38
  • G. glanweth “cleanliness, purity” ✧ GL/39
  • G. gwalweth “fortune, happiness” ✧ GL/44
  • G. gwegweth “male sex, manhood (state)” ✧ GL/44
  • G. gwinweth “female sex, womanhood (state)” ✧ GL/45
  • G. glenweth “thinness” ✧ GL/39
  • G. nigweth “(snow) storm”
Gnomish [GL/24; GL/38; GL/39; GL/44; GL/45] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

rini

root. *circle

Derivatives

  • Eq. rimni “around, all around” ✧ QL/080
  • Eq. rin “year, circle” ✧ QL/080
  • Eq. rinko “disc, orb, circle” ✧ QL/080
  • Eq. rinku “orb of Moon” ✧ QL/080
  • Eq. rinqa “round, circular; revolving returning, recurrent” ✧ QL/080
  • G. drinn “ring, disc”
  • G. drint “twist, wrench, turn”
  • G. raina- “to return”
  • G. rin- “to revolve, return, come back; to do again”
  • G. rinc “circular; disc, rondure”
  • G. rinta- “*to return”

Element in

  • Eq. kulurin “orange; piece of gold”
  • Eq. werelin “whirligig” ✧ QL/103

Variations

  • -lin ✧ QL/103
  • rin ✧ QL/103
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/080; QL/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

rin

noun. dew

A word for “dew” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√RIŊI (QL/80).

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√RIŊI “*cold” ✧ QL/080

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√RIŊI > rin[riŋg] > [rin]✧ QL/080

Variations

  • rin ✧ LT1A/Ringil; QL/080
Early Quenya [LT1A/Ringil; QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rin

noun. year, circle

Derivations

  • ᴱ√RINI “*circle” ✧ QL/080

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√RINI > rin[rind] > [rin]✧ QL/080

Variations

  • rin ✧ QL/080
Early Quenya [PME/080; QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-rin

suffix. noun suffix

Element in

  • Eq. falmarin “sea-fay (male), spirit of the sea foam”
  • Eq. enyarin “device, escutcheon, blazon” ✧ QL/035
  • Eq. lamáre “flock” ✧ QL/050
Early Quenya [QL/035; QL/050] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ine

suffix. noun suffix

Element in

  • Eq. túrin “king(dom)” ✧ QL/095
  • Eq. kólemaine “patience” ✧ QL/047
  • Eq. laulemuine “people of the neighborhood, population” ✧ QL/052
  • Eq. poimine “lather, foam; mermaid” ✧ QL/075
  • Eq. mapalin “plane [tree], sycamore” ✧ QL/057
  • Eq. mulmin “mill” ✧ QL/063
  • Eq. iskane “pallor” ✧ QL/043
  • Eq. sestaine “assimilation, imitation, etc.” ✧ QL/082
  • Eq. paimene “vindictiveness, vengefulness, cruelty” ✧ QL/072
  • Eq. pampine “tremor, earthquake” ✧ QL/072
  • Eq. sunqelaine “sunset” ✧ QL/087
  • Eq. tusturin “match” ✧ QL/096
  • Eq. malkane “torture” ✧ QL/058 (malkane)

Variations

  • -ne ✧ QL/043 (-ne); QL/058 (-ne); QL/072 (-ne); QL/075 (-ne)
  • -in ✧ QL/057 (-in); QL/063 (-in); QL/095 (-in); QL/096 (-in)
Early Quenya [QL/043; QL/047; QL/052; QL/057; QL/058; QL/063; QL/072; QL/075; QL/082; QL/087; QL/095; QL/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-lin

suffix. noun suffix

-re

suffix. noun suffix

Element in

  • Eq. anúre “manliness, masculinity” ✧ QL/031
  • Eq. lotóre “blooming, flowering, best time, flower” ✧ QL/055
  • Eq. qildare “bat” ✧ QL/078
  • Eq. tantare “dance”
  • Eq. tessare “little maid” ✧ QL/091
  • Eq. aldare “wood”
  • Eq. Tuilére “Spring” ✧ QL/096
Early Quenya [QL/031; QL/055; QL/078; QL/091; QL/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-lis

suffix. noun suffix

Element in

  • Eq. arqilis “desert” ✧ QL/032
  • Eq. indolis “domicile” ✧ QL/043
  • Eq. oinalis “ointment” ✧ QL/071
  • Eq. maksilis “lordship” ✧ QL/057
  • Eq. Avestalis “January” ✧ QL/029
  • Eq. sintilis “sparkling as of crystal” ✧ QL/085
  • Eq. qindelis “nun” ✧ QL/077
Early Quenya [QL/029; QL/032; QL/043; QL/057; QL/071; QL/077; QL/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nóte

noun. dew

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. nōte “dew” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√NOSO (QL/67), and as ᴱQ. nóte “dew” in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/68). It also appeared as ᴱQ. nōtē­ in the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s as a cognate of ᴱN. nûd “wet” (PE13/122).

Cognates

  • En. nûd “wet” ✧ PE13/122

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NOSO “*damp, wet” ✧ QL/067

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√NOTO > nōte[nōtē] > [nōte]✧ QL/067

Variations

  • nōtē- ✧ PE13/122
  • nōte ✧ PME/068; QL/067
Early Quenya [PE13/122; PME/068; QL/067] Group: Eldamo. Published by

latta

noun. year

Cognates

  • G. lath “year” ✧ GL/53
Early Quenya [GL/53] Group: Eldamo. Published by