This root was the basis for Elvish “horse” words starting in the 1930s. It first appeared as unglossed ᴹ√ROK in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the derivatives ᴹQ. rokko/N. roch “horse” (Ety/ROK). The root was given the gloss “run on foot” in a page of roots from the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s, but that page was rejected. Primitive ✶rokkō “horse” was mentioned regularly in Tolkien’s later writing (Let/282; PE21/82; WJ/407), though in one place he clarified that it was more specifically a “swift horse for riding” (Let/382).
Middle Primitive Elvish
run
root. flat of hand or sole of foot
runya
noun. spoor, track, footprint
rundā
noun. rough piece of wood
yur
root. run
rok
root. run on foot, *horse, run on foot
kel
root. flow, flow away (downhill), run (of water or rivers), run away especially downwards or at end
kyel
root. come to an end, cease, run out
nor
root. run as of wheels, roll along
ronyō
noun. ‘chaser’, hound of chase
karan
root. red
This root appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “red” (Ety/KARÁN), a later iteration of ᴱ√KṚN of the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s of the same meaning, but with syllabic ṛ (QL/48). Its main Quenya derivative, Q. carnë, retained the same form throughout Tolkien’s life, but its Gnomish forms G. carn(in) “scarlet” and G. crintha “rosy, pink” (GL/25, 27) became N. caran “red” in the 1930s, and retained that form thereafter.
karani
adjective. red
kuldā
adjective. red
narwā
adjective. fiery red
pathnā
adjective. smooth
sir
root. flow
star
root. stiff
A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “run” with derivatives like ON. yur- “run” and N. iôr “course” (Ety/YUR). It was a later iteration of ᴱ√ẎURU “run” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. yuro “a run, race” and ᴱQ. yuru- “run” (QL/106). For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, it is probably better to stick to the better attested root √NOR.