pl1. thely or thuil _n. _Q. sōl. >> castol
Primitive elvish
thol
root. stand up, top; helmet
stol
root. helmet
tolu
verb. stand up
Sindarin
thol
sōl
thôl
noun. helm
thôl
helm
thôl (construct thol, pl. thŷl, coll. pl. ?tholath)
thôl
helm
(construct thol, pl. th**ŷ**l, coll. pl. ?tholath)
castol
noun. helmet
harn
helmet
harn (i charn, o charn), pl. hern (i chern). Note: this is a homophone of two unrelated adjectives harn, one meaning ”southern” and the other ”wounded”.
harn
helmet
(i charn, o charn), pl. hern (i chern). Note: this is a homophone of two unrelated adjectives harn, one meaning ”southern” and the other ”wounded”.
Quenya
tholon
helmet
tholon noun "helmet", variant of castol (q.v.), though Tolkien might have mistakenly marked it as Quenya instead of Sindarin (PE17:186)
þolon
noun. helmet
castol
helmet
castol noun "helmet", synonyms tholon (q.v.), sól (q.v), also variant castolo ("k")(PE17:186, 188)
castol(o)
noun. helmet
carma
helm
carma (2) noun "helm" (helmet) in Carma-cundo ("k") "Helm-guardian" (PM:260). Notice that in PE17:114, Tolkien indicated that he rather wanted carma to mean "tool" or "weapon", leaving the status of carma "helmet" uncertain. Possibly shortened to -car in the names Eldacar (Elfhelm?), Hallacar (Tall-helm?) Cf. also cassa in Etym.
carma
noun. helm
cassa
helmet
cassa ("k")noun "helmet" (KAS; though spelt cassa also in the Etymologies as printed in LR, VT45:19 indicates that Tolkien's own spelling was kassa). Cf. carma in a later source.
harna
helmet
harna (3) noun "helmet" (VT45:21)
harpa
helmet
harpa noun "helmet" (VT45:21)
sól
helmet
sól, also solma or solos, noun variant words apparently for "helmet", cf. castol, q.v. (PE17:188)
tolu-
verb. stand up, get up, leave one’s seat
pelta-
verb. to roll
Noldorin
harn
noun. helmet
harn
noun. helmet
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Early Primitive Elvish
þolo
root. *surf
sara Speculative
root. *surf
Early Ilkorin
þold
noun. slade, hillside
Gnomish
thol-
verb. to roll
tholos
noun. axle of a wheel
tholos
noun. sea-marge
Middle Primitive Elvish
sol
root. *surf
An unglossed root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. solor “surf” (< ᴹ✶solos) and ᴹQ. Solonyeldi “✱Surf Singers” as another name for the Teleri (Ety/SOL). It is a later iteration of ᴱ√SOLO from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. solme “wave” and ᴱQ. solor “surf”, and was in this period the basis for the name ᴱQ. Solosimpe “Shore Piper” (QL/85). Words in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon like G. thloss “breaker” and G. Thlossibrim = ᴱQ. Solosimpi were derived from primitive thol-, indicating the early form of the root was actually ᴱ√ÞOLO (GL/73), which in Gnomish was intermingled with derivatives of ᴱ√FALA “✱wave” (GL/33, 35).
The etymology of the 1930s ᴹQ. solor “surf” < ᴹ✶solos is problematic, in that it shows final -s > -r, a remnant of ideas from Early Qenya. Tolkien’s use of Q. Falmari “Wave-folk” in later writings as the primary alternate name for the Teleri (S/53; PM/386) calls into question the continued validity of ᴹ√SOL. Nevertheless, I think it is useful to retain this root in Neo-Eldarin to salvage some early words like ᴱQ. sóla “tide”.
khar
root. helmet
kharan
root. helmet
kharap
root. helmet
English
helm
Helm
Helm in Old English means "protection". The word is seen also in the names Elfhelm and Dernhelm.
Early Noldorin
caul
noun. helmet
Early Quenya
kalla
noun. helmet
kasien
noun. helmet
kasqar(in)
noun. helmet
tolma
noun. helm
Qenya
harna
noun. helmet
harpa
noun. helmet
kassa
noun. helmet
Old Noldorin
kama
noun. helmet
Rohirric
helm
masculine name. Helm
In Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 Tolkien gave the root √STOL “helmet” with derivatives like S. thôl or Q. castol of the same meaning (PE17/186). In etymological notes from around 1964 (DD) Tolkien instead gave √ÞOL “stand up, top” as the basis for these “helmet” words (PE17/188).