tinwë

spark

tinwë noun "spark" (gloss misquoted as "sparkle" in the Etymologies as printed in LR, see VT46:19), also "star"; pl. tinwi "sparks", properly used of the star-imagines on Nur-menel (q.v.). Cf. nillë. (TIN, MR:388) In early "Qenya", tinwë was simply glossed "star" (LT1:269, cf. MC:214). In one late source, the meaning of tinwë is given as "spark", and it is said that this word (like Sindarin gil) was used of the stars of heaven "in place of the older and more elevated el, elen- stem" (VT42:11).

téna

straight, right

téna (1) adj. "straight, right" (SD:310; see téra)

téra

straight, right

téra adj. "straight, right" (TEÑ, see TE3; LR:47; in one text Tolkien changed it to téna, SD:310)

-ya

his

-ya (4) pronominal suffix "his" (and probably also "her, its"), said to be used in "colloquial Quenya" (which had redefined the "correct" ending for this meaning, -rya, to mean "their" because it was associated with the plural ending -r). Hence e.g. cambeya ("k") "his hand", yulmaya "his cup" (VT49:17) instead of formally "correct" forms in -rya. The ending -ya was actually ancient, primitive ¤-jā being used for "all numbers" in the 3rd person, predating elaborated forms like -rya. It is said that -ya "remained in Quenya" in the case of "old nouns with consonantal stems", Tolkien listing tál "foot", cas "head", nér "man", sír "river" and macil "sword" as examples. He refers to "the continued existence of such forms as talya his foot", that could apparently be used even in "correct" Quenya (VT49:17). In PE17:130, the forms talya "his foot" and macilya ("k") "his (or their) sword" are mentioned.

-zya

his, her, its

-zya, archaic form of the pronominal ending -rya "his, her, its", q.v. (VT49:17)

ranta

part

#ranta noun "part". Pl. rantali attested. (PE14:117)

-rya

his, her

-rya 3rd person sg. pronominal ending "his, her" and probably "its" (VT49:16, 38, 48, Nam, RGEO:67), attested in coivierya *"his/her life", máryat "her hands", ómaryo "of her voice" (genitive of *ómarya "her voice"), súmaryassë "in her bosom" (locative of súmarya "her bosom"); for the meaning "his" cf. coarya "his house" (WJ:369). The ending is descended from primitive ¤-sjā via -zya (VT49:17) and therefore connects with the 3rd person ending -s "he, she, it". In colloquial Quenya the ending -rya could be used for "their" rather than "his/her", because it was felt to be related to the plural ending -r,e.g. símaryassen "in their [not his/her] imaginations" (VT49:16, 17). See -ya #4.

tîn

adjective. his

tîn

pronoun. his

Non-lenited form suggested by Carl Hostetter (VT31/21).

Element in

• S. ar Iorhael, Gelir, Cordof, ar Baravorn, ionnath dîn “and Frodo, Merry, Pippin and Hamfast his sons” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129
• S. ar Meril bess dîn, ar Elanor, Meril, Glorfinniel, ar Eirien sellath dîn “and Rose his wife; and Elanor, Rose, Goldilocks and Daisy his daughters” ✧ AotM/062; AotM/062; SD/129; SD/129

tîn

spark

n. spark, star. Q. tinwe spark (Poet. star).

tîn

adjective. silent, quiet

See also dîn.1 for a discussion regarding this word

tîn

adjective. silent, quiet

tîn

noun. spark, sparkle, twinkle of stars

A word for “spark, sparkle, twinkle of stars” appearing as an element in S. ithildin “moon-star” (PE17/39, 66). Tolkien sometimes gave it the form tĭn (PE17/39) and sometimes tîn (PE17/66). It was derived from the root √TIN “sparkle, spark” (PE17/66). Primitive ✶tĭnĭ “spark” from Common Eldarin: Noun Structure of the early 1950s may be its ancient form (PE21/80).

In one place Tolkien gave the form tim “spark” as another name for (apparent) stars, but its final m is hard to explain (MR/388; PE17/22). In notes associated with The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 Tolkien said “In the Northern dialect, however, in final position only, C.E. tw > dw, dw > ðw, thw > þw, nw became b, v, f, m” (VT41/8). Thus, tim may be the North Sindarin equivalent of Q. tinwë. However, in the document where it appeared, tim was clearly marked “S” for Sindarin. This form could also be a remnant of Gnomish or Ilkorin tim (see below).

Conceptual Development: The earliest precursor of this word was G. tim “spark, gleam, (star)” in the Gnomish Lexicon of 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√tin- (GL/70), cognate to ᴱQ. tinwe (QL/92). In the Gnomish period, [[g|final [nw] became [m]]], as discussed by Roman Rausch in his Historical Phonology of Goldogrin (HGP/§2.7). This was not true later, since in The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. tinw “spark, small star” was the cognate for ᴹQ. tinwe and the form tim was Ilkorin, all of these under the root ᴹ√TIN “sparkle” (Ety/TIN). In his later writings, Tolkien had the forms tin, tîn and tim, as noted above. Thus while the root and basic meaning of this word were quite stable, its form went through a number of variations.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d use the form tîn since short vowels generally lengthened in monosyllables. I think properly it has the meaning “spark(le)” but metaphorically can apply to stars. For the ordinary word for “star”, I’d use gil.

Cognates

• Q. tinwë “spark, [apparent] star” ✧ PE17/066
• north S. tim “spark, sparkle (of stars)”

Derivations

• ✶tini “spark”
  • √TIN “sparkle, spark, sparkle, spark, [ᴱ√] twinkle, [ᴹ√] emit slender (silver pale) beams”
• √TIN “sparkle, spark, sparkle, spark, [ᴱ√] twinkle, [ᴹ√] emit slender (silver pale) beams” ✧ PE17/066

Element in

• S. ithildin “magical alloy that glows in moonlight, (lit.) moon-star” ✧ PE17/039; PE17/039; PE17/066
• ᴺS. tiniath “group of stars, star-cluster, constellation”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√TIN > tîn	[tin] > [tīn]	✧ PE17/066

Variations

• tin ✧ PE17/039
• tĭn ✧ PE17/039
• tîn ✧ PE17/066

în

adjective. his (referring to the subject)

dîn

noun. silence

Adjectival use seems to be attested in several place names (Amon Dín "Silent Hill", etc.), though an adjective dínen.1 is also attested (Rath Dínen "Silent Street"). When compared with other toponyms where lenition does occur (Taur-na-Chardhîn "Forest of the Southern Silence" in WJ/185,193 and Dor Dhínen in WJ/333,338), the forms dîn and dínen clearly seem to be unmutated. Absence of lenition in these examples from LotR was therefore tentatively explained by resistance to mutation (as in Nan Tathren, Ered Mithrin). However, Tolkien apparently changed his mind in his unfinished index of names from LotR, where he explains both words as mutated adjectives whose unlenited forms are respectively tîn.2
and tínen . Such hesitations between mutated and unmutated forms is not unusual, for instance a similar issue is met with gaear and aear . Of course, Taur-na-Chardhîn and Dor Dhínen would hardly be explainable in that alternate scenario

dîn

noun. silence

_ n. _silence. >> Amon Dîn, dínen

dîn

noun/adjective. silence; silent, quiet

@@@ variation reflects Tolkien’s vacillation on whether or not Sindarin genitives are lenited

Derivations

• √DIN “silence”

Element in

• S. Amon Dîn “Silent Hill” ✧ PE17/095; PE17/098; SA/dîn
• S. dínen “silent” ✧ PE17/098; RC/551
• S. Dor Dínen “Silent Land” ✧ SA/dîn
• S. Rath Dínen “Silent Street” ✧ SA/dîn
• S. si loth a galadh lasto dîn “*here flower and tree listen [in] silence” ✧ LB/354
• S. Taur-na-Chardhîn “Forest of Southern Silence” ✧ WJI/Taur-na-Chardhîn

Variations

• tîn ✧ RC/551

tin

noun. spark

_ n. _spark, sparkle (esp. used of the twinkle of stars). >> ithildin

tin

noun. spark, sparkle, twinkle of stars

tínen

adjective. silent

See also dîn.1 for a discussion regarding this word

tínen

adjective. silent

tinu

noun. spark, small star

dínen

adjective. silent

See also dîn.1 for a discussion regarding this word

dínen

adjective. silent

adj. silent. >> dîn

dínen

adjective. silent

@@@ variation reflects Tolkien’s vacillation on whether or not Sindarin genitives are lenited

Element in

• S. Dor Dínen “Silent Land” ✧ S/121; WJ/333
• S. Rath Dínen “Silent Street” ✧ NM/364; RC/551

Elements

Word	Gloss
dîn	“silence; silent, quiet”
-en	“adjective suffix”

Variations

• Dínen ✧ NM/364; S/121
• tínen ✧ RC/551

-deid

suffix. his

_3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ed_. >> -deith, -dyn, -ed, [[]]

-deith

suffix. his

_3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ed_. >> -deid, -dyn, -ed, [[]]

-dyn

suffix. his

_3rd sg. poss. suff. his, her.See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46. Earlier -ed_. >> -deid, -deith, -ed, [[]]

gil-

prefix. spark

_ pref. _spark, often used for 'star'. Form of gail/geil in compounds. >> gail, geil, Gilgalad

tín

his

*tín (only attested in lenited form dín, following a noun with article). Possibly, the word also covers ”her(s)” and ”its” as a general 3rd person form. If ”his” refers to the same person as the subject, the form ín* is used instead (e.g. i venn sunc i haw ín** ”the man drank his (own) juice”, but *i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his (somebody elses) juice”.

tín

his

(only attested in lenited form dín, following a noun with article). Possibly, the word also covers ”her(s)” and ”its” as a general 3rd person form. If ”his” refers to the same person as the subject, the form ín is used instead (e.g. ✱i venn sunc i haw ín ”the man drank his (own) juice”, but ✱i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his (somebody else’s) juice”.

tîr

straight

tîr (lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) (right). Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

tîr

straight

(lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) (right). Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

ín

his

(pronoun referring to the subject, e.g. ✱i venn sunc i haw ín ”the man drank his [own] juice”, as opposed to ✱i venn sunc i haw dín ”the man drank his [= another’s] juice”)

tint

spark

1) tint (i dint, o thint), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thint), coll. pl. tinnath; 2) tinu (i dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds), analogical pl. tiny (i thiny). The word is also used =

tint

spark

(i dint, o thint), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thint), coll. pl. tinnath

tinu

spark

(i dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds), analogical pl. tiny (i thiny). The word is also used =

dínen

silent

dínen (lenited dhínen, pl. dínin). In certain sources, Tolkien seems to presuppose that the unlenited form is actually tínen, with dínen as the lenited form, but elsewhere it is implied that dínen is the basic form, hence dhínen as the lenited variant.

dínen

silent

(lenited dhínen, pl. dínin). In certain sources, Tolkien seems to presuppose that the unlenited form is actually tínen, with dínen as the lenited form, but elsewhere it is implied that dínen is the basic form, hence dhínen as the lenited variant.

tim

small star

(MR:388). Archaic tinw, so the coll. pl. is likely  tinwath. 3)

sath

noun. part

Cognates

• ᴺQ. satta “part (of something)”

Derivations

• √SAT “space, place; divide, apportion, mark off”

enaith

sixth part

. No distinct pl. form. Archaic eneith.

tini

noun. spark

Derivations

• √TIN “sparkle, spark, sparkle, spark, [ᴱ√] twinkle, [ᴹ√] emit slender (silver pale) beams”

Derivatives

• S. tîn “spark, sparkle, twinkle of stars”

Variations

• tĭnĭ ✧ PE21/80

tin²

root. silence

din Reconstructed

root. silence

A hypothetical (Sindarin-only?) root serving as the basis for Sindarin words like dîn “silence” and dínen “silent” (PE17/95, 98). Tolkien’s use of these words in The Lord of the Rings is rather inconsistent, reflecting shifting rules on the circumstances in which words mutated in Sindarin. In his Unfinished Index of The Lord of the Rings, he said these words were tîn and tínen (RC/551). Given the conflict this would have with the root √TIN “spark”, for purposes of Neo-Eldarin I think it is best to assume this root is √DIN.

Derivatives

• S. dîn “silence; silent, quiet”

tîr

adjective. straight, right

tint

noun. spark

tint

noun. spark

Derivations

• ᴹ√TIN “sparkle, emit slender (silver pale) beams” ✧ Ety/TIN

Element in

• N. Tinfang “Starbeard”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√TIN > tint	[tinte] > [tintʰe] > [tinθe] > [tinθ] > [tint]	✧ Ety/TIN

tinw

noun. spark, small star

dínen

adjective. silent

Element in

• N. Rath Dínen “Silent Street”

gildin

noun. silver spark

taer

adjective. straight

Written tær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies, rectified here according to VT/46:18 (which also lists the ligature)

taer

adjective. straight

Derivations

• ᴹ✶tēra “straight, right” ✧ Ety/TEÑ
  • ᴹ√TEÑ “line, direction” ✧ Ety/TEƷ; Ety/TEÑ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶teñrā > tær > taer	[teñrā] > [tǣr] > [tair] > [taer]	✧ Ety/TEÑ

Variations

• tær ✧ EtyAC/TEÑ