Ilma

starlight

Ilma noun "starlight" (GIL)

Ilmarë

starlight

Ilmarë noun "starlight", also fem. name, referring to a Maia (GIL, SA:ilm-)

silmë

starlight

silmë noun "starlight", also name of tengwa #29 (Appendix E), though in the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, the name silmë instead applied to tengwa #3 (VT46:13). Silmë nuquerna "_s reversed", name of tengwa #30, similar to normal silmë but turned upside down (Appendix E)_. In the Etymologies, stem SIL, silmë is defined as the "light of Silpion" (Telperion), and also a poetic word for "silver".

silmë

noun. starlight, starlight; [ᴹQ.] silver [light], moonlight, light of Silpion

A word for “starlight” and also the name of tengwa #29 [i] (LotR/1123), clearly derived from the root √SIL.

Conceptual Development: The earliest hint of this word was in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where ᴱQ. silmea seems to be an adjective meaning “✱lunar” (QL/56). ᴱQ. silme also seems to be an adjectival element “gleaming, silver” in ᴱQ. silmerána “gleaming moon, silver moon” from the Oilima Markirya poem and its drafts from around 1930 (MC/220; PE16/75). In The Etymologies of the 1930s ᴹQ. silme was derived from primitive ᴹ✶silimē “light of Silpion, †silver” under the root ᴹ√SIL “shine silver” (Ety/SIL) and thus seems to mean “moonlight”. Indeed, silme had the gloss “moonlight” in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s and 40s (PE22/22, 51), where it was already the name of tengwa #29. It became “starlight” in Appendix E of The Lord of the Rings, however (LotR/1123), and elsewhere “moonlight” was isilmë (MC/223).

Derivations

• √SIL “shine (white or silver)”

Element in

• Q. isilmë “moonlight”
• Q. silmë nuquerna “s-reversed” ✧ LotR/1123

Variations

• silme ✧ LotR/1123

ilma Reconstructed

proper name. Starlight

An (archaic?) name for “Starlight”, it is not directly attested in Tolkien’s later writing, but appears as an element in several names (SA/ilm). It is a derivative of the root √(Ñ)GIL “shine (white)”. Elsewhere, the usual Quenya word for “starlight” is given as silmë (LotR/1123).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. ilma “air” appeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/142). The name ᴹQ. Ilma “Starlight” is directly attested in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/205), where it first appeared as Silma (SM/240). Ilma also appeared in The Etymologies as a derivative of ᴹ√GIL (Ety/GIL), which is the source of the etymology noted above.

Derivations

• √(Ñ)GIL “shine (white); silver glint; white or silver light”

Element in

• Q. Ilmarë ✧ SA/ilm
• Q. Ilmarin “Mansion of the High Airs” ✧ SA/ilm
• Q. Ilmen “*Place of Starlight” ✧ SA/ilm

Variations

• ilm- ✧ SA/ilm

gilgalad

noun. 'Starlight'

prop. n. 'Starlight'. >> gil-

gil-galad

masculine name. Starlight, (lit.) Star of Radiance

Last high-king of the Noldor and leader of the elves in the Last Alliance against Sauron at the end of the Second Age (LotR/52). His name is a compound of S. gil “star” and S. galad “radiance, glittering reflection”, the latter also an element in the name S. Galadriel “Glittering-garland” (RGEO/65, Let/425). In The Lord of the Rings his name was translated “Starlight” (LotR/191) but elsewhere Tolkien translated this name in various ways all roughly with the meaning: “Star of Radiance” (PM/347), which was the translation used by Christopher Tolkien in The Silmarillion index (SI/Gil-galad).

Conceptual Development: This name appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s as N. Gil-galad “Starlight” (Ety/GIL). At this stage, the final element was probably the lenited form of N. calad “light” (PE17/50), though N. galad also appeared in The Etymologies with the gloss “light” (EtyAC/GAL).

Derivations

• ✶Gillingalati “radiant stars, Gil-galad” ✧ PE17/050; PE17/152

Elements

Word	Gloss
gil	“star; (bright) spark, silver glint, twinkle of light”
galad	“radiance, glittering reflection; light, fire, brightness, shining; bliss, radiance, glittering reflection; light, fire, brightness, shining; bliss; [ᴱN.] dawn”

Variations

• Gilgalad ✧ PE17/084; PE17/152; WJI/Gilgalad

glingal

proper name. Hanging Flame

A Sindarin name for Q. Laurelin (S/126) translated “Hanging Flame” (LR/210). It is a combination of the verb [N.] gling- “to hang” and the root √KAL (Ety/LING, KAL).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales this name appeared as G. Glingol “Singing Gold”, a more direct equivalent of ᴱQ. Laurelin (LT2/216). The form N. Glingal appeared in late changes to the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (LB/80), and Tolkien revised its derivation and translation to the ones given above in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/LING, KAL).

Elements

Word	Gloss
gling-	“to hang, dangle”
KAL	“light; shine, be bright, light; shine, be bright, [ᴱ√] shine golden”

gilgalad

starlight

1) gilgalad (i ngilgalad = i ñilgalad, o n**gilgalad, pl. gilgelaid (in gilgelaid = i ñgilgelaid) if there is a plural form. 2) gilith (also used = Quenya Ilmen, the region of stars) (i ngilith = i ñilith, o n**gilith) _These mutations presupposed that the root is Ñ, as in MR:388, rather than _ as in the Etymologies (LR:358).

gilgalad

starlight

(i ngilgalad = i ñilgalad, o n’gilgalad, pl. gilgelaid (in gilgelaid = i ñgilgelaid) if there is a plural form.

gilith

starlight

(also used = Quenya Ilmen, the region of stars) (i ngilith = i ñilith, o n’gilith) These mutations presupposed that the root is

gilgalad

noun. starlight

gil-galad

masculine name. Starlight

Elements

Word	Gloss
geil	“star”
calad	“light”

Variations

• gilgalad ✧ Ety/GIL
• Gilgalad ✧ SDI2/Gilgalad

glingal

proper name. Hanging Flame

Cognates

• ᴹQ. Laurelin “Song of Gold” ✧ EtyAC/LING

Derivations

• ᴹ✶lingikā̆la “Hanging-flame” ✧ EtyAC/KAL
• ᴹ√(G)LINGI “hang” ✧ EtyAC/LING

Variations

• Glingul ✧ Ety/GLING (Glingul)
• Gilgalad ✧ EtyAC/KAL
• Glingol ✧ EtyAC/KAL (Glingol); EtyAC/LING