urco

orc

urco ("k"), stem *urcu- and pl. urqui, noun: an old word used in the lore of the Blessed Realm for anything that caused fear to the Elves during the March; by the Exiled Noldor the word was recognized as the cognate of Sindarin orch and used to mean "Orc". The Sindarin-influenced form orco was also used. (WJ:390)

ulundo

monster, deformed and hideous creature

ulundo noun "monster, deformed and hideous creature" (ÚLUG)

orco

orc

orco ("k") noun "Orc", pl. orcor or orqui (WJ:390, ÓROK; pl. Orcor also in WJ:12, MR:74, 194). If the pl. form orqui is preferred, the word should be assigned the stem-form orcu-. Early "Qenya" has orc ("k") (orqu-) ("q") "monster, demon" (LT1:264; in LotR-style Quenya, no word can end in -rc.)

orco

noun. Orc

This word was adapted from its Sindarin cognate orch, since the Noldor did not encounter orcs until they returned to Middle-earth (WJ/390). There are two attested plurals for this word, orqui and orcor. One possible scenario is that the word was at first treated as a u-stem noun by analogy with urco (urcu-), but later as the two words were disassociated, the declension of orco was regularized and treated as an ordinary vocalic noun.

This is the theory followed here, so that orcor is considered the regular plural and orqui archaic, probably active only in the First Age. If you use the orqui plural, you should also treat this as a u-stem noun (orcu-). @@@

Cognates

• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ PE17/047; WJ/390
• Bs. uruk “Orc” ✧ PE17/047
• Wes. orka “orc” ✧ PE17/047

Derivations

• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ PE17/047; WJ/390
  • ✶urku/urkō “orc” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389
  • ✶urkā “horrible” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Variations

• orko ✧ WJ/390
• Orko ✧ WJI/Orc(s)

morco

bear

morco ("k")noun "bear" (MORÓK)

Ulban

monster

Ulban (Ulband-) noun "monster" (a name of Melko) (LT1:260)

col-

bear, carry

#col- vb. "bear, carry", not attested by itself by suggested by colindo and colla, q.v.; also compare Tancol.

urug

noun. Orc (rarely used)

urug

noun. "bogey", anything that caused fear to the Elves, any dubious shape or shadow, or prowling creature

urug

noun. bogey

Cognates

• Q. urco “bogey, orc” ✧ WJ/390

Derivations

• ✶urku/urkō “orc” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶urku/uruku > urug	[uruku] > [uruko] > [uruko] > [uruk] > [urug]	✧ WJ/390

ulunn

noun. monster, deformed and hideous creature

glamog

noun. orc

Element in

• S. Glamdring “Foe-hammer” ✧ WJ/391
• S. Glamhoth “Orcs, (lit.) Din-horde, Host of Tumult” ✧ WJI/Glamhoth

Variations

• Glamog ✧ WJI/Glamhoth

orch

Orc

pl1. yrch, pl2. orchoth** ** n. Orc. Nand. ūriſ.

orch

noun. Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin

Cognates

• Ad. uruk “orc, goblin” ✧ WJ/390
• Bs. uruk “Orc” ✧ WJ/390; Let/178; PE17/052
• Kh. rukhs “Orc” ✧ WJ/390
• Q. orco “Orc” ✧ PE17/047; WJ/390
• Nan. urch “Orc” ✧ PE17/054

Derivations

• ✶urku/urkō “orc” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389
• ✶urkā “horrible” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Derivatives

• Q. orco “Orc” ✧ PE17/047; WJ/390

Element in

• ᴺS. erchion “orchish”
• S. Orcrist “Orc-cleaver”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶urkō > orch	[urkō] > [urko] > [urkʰo] > [urxo] > [orxo] > [orx]	✧ WJ/390
✶urkā > orch	[urkā] > [urka] > [urkʰa] > [urxa] > [orxa] > [orx]	✧ WJ/390
✶urkō > Yrch	[urkī] > [urki] > [urkʰi] > [urxi] > [orxi] > [urxi] > [yrxi] > [yrx]	✧ WJ/390

Variations

• Orch ✧ WJ/390; WJI/Orc(s)

graw

noun. bear

graw

noun. bear

A Sindarin word for “bear” in notes from the late 1960s, derived from primitive ✶grā (VT47/12).

Neo-Sindarin: Its Quenya cognate Q. roa had the revised meaning {“bear” >>} “dog”, so for purposes of Neo-Sindarin it is probably best to stick with [N.] brôg and ᴺS. medli [N. megli] as words for “bear”.

Derivations

• ✶grā “dog, bear” ✧ VT47/12
  • √GRAW “[unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart” ✧ VT47/35

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶grā > graw	[grā] > [grǭ] > [grau]	✧ VT47/12

medli

noun. bear

glamog

noun. an Orc, "a yelling one"

orchoth

noun. the Orcs (as a race)

glamhoth

noun. barbaric host of Orcs

urug

bogey

urug (monster, orc), pl. yryg

urug

bogey

(monster, orc), pl. yryg

úan

úlug

(pl. úain), 3) urug (bogey, orc), pl. yryg

ulunn

monster

1) *ulunn (deformed and hideous creature), pl. ylynn. (The archaic form ulund and the later form ulun_ is cited in LR:396 s.v. Ú

ulunn

monster

(deformed and hideous creature), pl. ylynn. *(The archaic form ulund and the later form ulun is cited in LR:396 s.v.*

brôg

bear

(i vrôg, construct brog), pl. brŷg (i mrŷg)

orch

orc

orch (pl. yrch**, archaic †yrchy, coll. pl. orchoth). (RGEO:66, Names:171, Letters:178, MR:195; WJ:390-91, VT46:7). Other terms: 1) urug (monster, bogey), pl. yryg, 2) glamog (i **lamog), pl. glemyg (in glemyg) (WJ:391), 3) ”

orch

orc

(pl. yrch, archaic †yrchy, coll. pl. orchoth). (RGEO:66, Names:171, Letters:178, MR:195; WJ:390-91, VT46:7). Other terms:  1) urug (monster, bogey), pl. yryg, 2) glamog (i ’lamog), pl. glemyg (in glemyg) (WJ:391), 3) ”

glam

body of orcs

(i ’lam) (din, uproar, tumult, confused yelling of beasts; shouting, confused noise), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath

graw

bear

(noun) 1) graw (i **raw), pl. groe (in groe), coll. pl. ?grawath or ?groath (VT47:12). 2) brôg (i vrôg, construct brog), pl. brŷg (i mrŷg**), 3) *medli (i vedli), no distinct pl. form except with article (i medli). The word literally means ”honey-eater”. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” megli.

graw

bear

(i ’raw), pl. groe (in groe), coll. pl. ?grawath or ?groath (VT47:12).

medli

bear

(i vedli), no distinct pl. form except with article (i medli). The word literally means ”honey-eater”. – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” megli.

glamhoth

host of tumult

(a term for Orcs, also translated ”Yelling-horde”). (UT:54, MR:109, 195;

medlin

bearish, of bears

(adjective derived from medli ”bear”), lenited vedlin, no distinct pl. form. – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” meglin.

urch

noun. Orc

Cognates

• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ PE17/054

urc

noun. Orc

pl. yrc. In the Etymologies, the primitive form of this word is given as órku (defined as "goblin"), derived from an undefined stem ÓROK (LR:379).

This stem may be understood as a vowel-prefixed variant of the stem ROK "horse", assuming that this originally referred to the steed of the monstrous "dark Rider upon his wild horse" that haunted the Elves by Cuiviénen, assuming that the stem ROK was originally associated with Melkor's creatures. However, Tolkien later derived the Elvish words for "Orc" from a stem RUKU having to do with fear (WJ:389) and listed tentative primitive forms: urku, uruku, urkô. Since primitive final -u is lost in Nandorin (cf. Utum from Utubnu), the forms urku and uruku would evidently be capable of yielding Green-elven urc (while urkô would rather come out as *urca; cf. golda "Noldo" from ñgolodô). The plural form yrc clearly shows umlaut caused by the lost Primitive Quendian plural ending -î; cf. the umlaut caused by the primitive adjectival ending -i, primitive lugni "blue" yielding lygn.

ūriʃ

noun. orcs

uruk

noun. Orc

Cognates

• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ WJ/390; Let/178; PE17/052
• Q. orco “Orc” ✧ PE17/047

Derivations

• ✶urku/urkō “orc” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Element in

• Bs. Uruk-hai “Orc-folk” ✧ WJI/Uruk

Variations

• Uruks ✧ LotR/0324; LotRI/Uruks
• uruks ✧ SD/033
• Uruk ✧ WJI/Uruk

urug

noun. bear

A noun translated “bear” (SD/426), also given by Tolkien as an example of how common-nouns can be altered into masculine and feminine forms using the suffixes -û and -î: urgī “female bear, she-bear” (SD/435).

rukhs

noun. Orc

Cognates

• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ WJ/390

Derivations

• ✶urku/urkō “orc” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Variations

• Rukhs ✧ WJ/391
• Rúkhs ✧ WJI/Rúkhs

urku/urkō

noun. orc

Derivations

• √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Derivatives

• Ad. uruk “orc, goblin” ✧ WJ/390
• Bs. uruk “Orc” ✧ WJ/390
• Kh. rukhs “Orc” ✧ WJ/390
• Q. urco “bogey, orc” ✧ WJ/390
• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ WJ/390
  • Q. orco “Orc” ✧ PE17/047; WJ/390
• S. urug “bogey” ✧ WJ/390

Variations

• uruk ✧ WJ/390
• urku/uruku ✧ WJ/390
• urkō ✧ WJ/390

morokō

noun. bear

Derivations

• ᴹ√MOROK “*bear”

ulun

noun. monster, deformed and hideous creature

úan

noun. monster

úan

noun. monster

Cognates

• ᴹQ. úvanimo “monster” ✧ Ety/BAN

Derivations

• ᴹ✶ūbanō “monster” ✧ Ety/BAN
  • ᴹ√BAN “*beauty” ✧ Ety/BAN

Element in

• N. uanui “monstrous” ✧ Ety/BAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶ū́banō > úan	[ūbanō] > [ūbano] > [ūvano] > [ūvan] > [ūan]	✧ Ety/BAN

ulund

noun. monster, deformed and hideous creature

brôg

noun. bear

brôg

noun. bear

A noun for “bear” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶morókō under the root ᴹ√MOROK (Ety/MORÓK), where the initial syllable reduced to m’rokō and then the initial mr became br.

Conceptual Development: A likely precursor to this word is ᴱN. gorch “bear” (also “fierce fighter”) from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/145, 149).

Cognates

• ᴹQ. morko “bear” ✧ Ety/MORÓK

Derivations

• ᴹ√MOROK “*bear” ✧ Ety/LIS
• ᴹ✶morókō “bear” ✧ Ety/MORÓK
  • ᴹ√MOROK “*bear” ✧ Ety/MORÓK

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶morókō > brôg	[morókō] > [mrokō] > [brokō] > [broko] > [brok] > [brog] > [brōg]	✧ Ety/MORÓK

Variations

• brog ✧ EtyAC/LIS

megli

noun. bear

glamhoth

noun. barbaric host of Orcs