Quenya 

ar(a)

preposition. beside, next [to]; out, beside, next [to], *by; out, [ᴹQ.] outside

Derivations

  • ✶ad(a) “and, alongside” ✧ PE17/071
    • √AD(A) “by (the side of), beside, alongside; against, opposed to, opposite” ✧ PE17/071
  • √AD(A) “by (the side of), beside, alongside; against, opposed to, opposite” ✧ PE17/145

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√ADA > ar[ad] > [að] > [ar]✧ PE17/145

Variations

  • ar ✧ PE17/056; PE17/057; PE17/145
  • ad ✧ PE17/071
  • ara ✧ VT49/25
Quenya [PE17/056; PE17/057; PE17/071; PE17/145; VT49/23; VT49/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ara-

noble

Ara-, ar- a prefixed form of the stem Ara- "noble" (PM:344). In the masc. names Aracáno "high chieftain", mothername (amilessë, q.v.) of Fingolfin (PM:360, cf. 344), Arafinwë "Finarfin" (MR:230)

arato

noble

arato noun "a noble" (PE17:147), in PE17:118 given as aratō and there glossed "lord" (often = "king"). Cf. aráto. The form cited in the latter source, aratō with a long final vowel, is evidently very archaic (compare Enderō under Ender); later the vowel would become short. (PE17:118)

ar

and

ar (1) conj. "and" (AR2, SA, FS, Nam, RGEO:67, CO, LR:47, 56, MC:216, VT43:31, VT44:10, 34; see VT47:31 for etymology, cf. also VT49:25, 40). The older form of the conjunction was az (PE17:41). Ar is often assimilated to al, as before l, s (PE17:41, 71), but "in written Quenya ar was usually written in all cases" (PE17:71). In one case, Tolkien altered the phrase ar larmar "and raiments" to al larmar; the former may then be seen as representing the spelling, whereas the latter represents the pronunciation(PE17:175). More complex schemes of assimilation are suggested to have existed in "Old Quenya", the conjunction varying between ar, a and as depending on the following consonant (PE17:41, 71). An alternative longer form of the conjunction, arë, is said to occur "occasionally in Tolkien's later writings" (VT43:31, cf. VT48:14). In the Etymologies, the word for "and" was first written as ar(a) (VT45:6). In one source, Tolkien notes that Quenya used ar "as preposition beside, next, or as adverb = and" (PE17:145); compare ara.

ar

and

o (1) conj. "and", occurring solely in SD:246; all other sources give ar.

ar

conjunction. and, and; [ᴱQ., ᴹQ.] but

Changes

  • ara → ar ✧ NM/239
  • ar → ar “and” ✧ PE17/041
  • ar → ar ✧ PE17/041
  • ar → al ✧ PE17/175

Cognates

  • S. a “and; †by, near, beside” ✧ PE17/041; PE17/041; PE17/041; PE17/041; PE17/041; PE17/102; PE17/145; SA/ar

Derivations

  • ✶as(a) “and” ✧ PE17/041; PE17/041; VT47/31
    • √AS “beside” ✧ VT47/31
  • ✶ad(a) “and, alongside” ✧ PE17/041; PE17/041; PE17/041; PE17/070; PE17/071; PE17/071; PE17/102
    • √AD(A) “by (the side of), beside, alongside; against, opposed to, opposite” ✧ PE17/071
  • √AD(A) “by (the side of), beside, alongside; against, opposed to, opposite” ✧ PE17/145
  • √AR “beyond, further than; outside; beside, alongside, beyond, further than; outside; beside, alongside; [ᴱ√] spread, extend sideways” ✧ SA/ar

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶as(a) > ar[asa] > [aza] > [ara] > [ar]✧ PE17/041
✶ad(a) > az > ar[ada] > [ad] > [að] > [ar]✧ PE17/041
✶ad > ar[ad] > [að] > [ar]✧ PE17/041
✶ad(a) > ar[ada] > [ad] > [að] > [ar]✧ PE17/041
✶as(a) > ar[asa] > [aza] > [ara] > [ar]✧ PE17/041
✶ad > ar[ad] > [að] > [ar]✧ PE17/070
✶ad(ă)/ad > ar[ad] > [að] > [ar]✧ PE17/071
✶ad > ađ > ař > ar[ad] > [að] > [ar]✧ PE17/071
✶ada > ar[ada] > [ad] > [að] > [ar]✧ PE17/102
√ADA > ar[ad] > [að] > [ar]✧ PE17/145
√ar- > ar[ar]✧ SA/ar
✶as > ar[asa] > [aza] > [ara] > [ar]✧ VT47/31

Variations

  • Ar ✧ NM/239
  • ara ✧ NM/240 (ara)
  • a ✧ PE17/071 (a)
  • as ✧ PE17/071 (as); PE17/071
  • al ✧ PE17/071; PE17/175
  • are ✧ VT43/31 (are); VT43/34 (are); VT47/04
Quenya [LotR/0377; LotR/0967; Minor-Doc/1955-CT; NM/239; NM/240; PE16/096; PE17/041; PE17/070; PE17/071; PE17/072; PE17/102; PE17/103; PE17/145; PE17/174; PE17/175; PE22/147; PE22/154; PE22/158; PE22/162; RGEO/58; RGEO/59; S/190; SA/ar; UT/305; VT43/17; VT43/18; VT43/21; VT43/31; VT43/34; VT43/36; VT44/10; VT44/34; VT47/04; VT47/31; VT49/25; VT49/27; VT49/40; WJ/166] Group: Eldamo. Published by

apa

but

apa (3) conj. "but": melinyes apa la hé "I love him but not him" (another) (VT49:15)

apa

conjunction. but

Element in

Variations

  • apa ✧ VT49/15

arë

and

arë conj. "and", longer form of ar, q.v. (VT43:31)

ná

but, on the contrary, on the other hand

ná (2), also nán, conj. "but, on the contrary, on the other hand" (NDAN; the form nan, q.v., is probably to be preferred to avoid confusion with ná "is", *nán "I am").

anat

but

anat conj. "but" (VT43:23; possibly an ephemeral form)

arquen

noble

arquen noun "a noble" (WJ:372), "knight" (PE17:147)

az

and

az, archaic form of the conjunction ar "and"; see ar #1.

-yë

conjunction. and

-yë (4) conj. "and" as a suffix added to the second of a pair, as Menel Cemenyë "Heaven and Earth" (VT47:30, 31, VT49:25). Other "pairs" are mentioned as examples but not actually translated into Quenya by Tolkien: Sun and Moon (*Anar Isilyë), Land and Sea (*Nór Eäryë), fire and water (*nárë nenyë, or *úr nenyë).

and

and

a (2) conj. "and", a variant of ar occurring in Fíriel's Song (that also has ar; a seems to be used before words in f-, but contrast ar formenna "and northwards" in a late text, VT49:26). According to PE17:41, "Old Quenya" could have the conjunction a (as a variant of ar) before n, ñ, m, h, hy, hw (f is not mentioned), PE17:71 adding ty, ny, hr, hl, ñ, l, r, þ, s. See ar #1. It may be that the a or the sentence nornë a lintieryanen "he ran with his speed" (i.e. as quickly as he could) is to be understood as this conjunction, if the literal meaning is "he ran and [did so] with his speed" (PE17:58).

mal

but

mal conj. "but" (VT43:23)

mal

conjunction. but

Element in

  • Q. násië “but deliver us from evil: Amen” ✧ VT43/23

nan

but

nan conj. "but" (FS); the Etymologies also gives ná, nán (NDAN), but these words may be confused with forms of the verb "to be", so nan should perhaps be preferred, unless for "but" one uses the wholly distinct word mal. In Tolkien's later Quenya, it may be that he introduced new words for "but" to free up nan for another meaning (perhaps the adverb "back", compare the prefix nan-).

yo

and

yo conj. "and", "often used between _two _items (of any part of speech) that were by nature or custom clearly associated, like the names of spouses (Manwë yo Varda), or "sword and sheath" (*macil yo vainë*), "bow and arrows" (quinga yo pilindi), or groups like "Elves and Men" (Eldar yo Fírimor but contrast eldain a fírimoin [dative forms] in FS, where Tolkien joins the words with a, seemingly simply a variant of the common conjunction ar). In one source, yo is apparently a preposition "with" (yo hildinyar* = "with my heirs", SD:56).

nó

but

nó (2) conj. "but" (VT41:13)

nó

conjunction. but

ono

but

ono conj. "but" (VT43:23, VT44:5/9)

ono

conjunction. but

Changes

  • anat → one “*but” ✧ VT43/23

Element in

Variations

  • nō ✧ VT41/13
  • anat ✧ VT43/23 (anat)
  • one ✧ VT43/23
Quenya [VT41/13; VT43/23; VT44/09] Group: Eldamo. Published by

onë

but

onë conj. "but" (VT43:23)

onë

conjunction. but