ar

conjunction. and; but

aryandor

place name. Aryandor

arkandavā-le qantamalle tūlier

arkandavā-le qantamalle tūlier

arvernien

place name. Arvernien

arendien

proper name. Midyear’s Day

Name of the mid-year holidays from drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices (PM/134). It seems to be a combination of are “day”, ende “middle” and yén “year”, the last of these supported by its stem form Arendién- as seen in its plural Arendiéni.

ar antaróta mannar valion: númessier

and he gave it into the hands of the Lords: they are in the West

arda

place name. Earth, world

arinya

adjective. morning, early

arka

adjective. narrow

artuile

noun. dayspring, early morn

armar

collective noun. goods

A plural noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “goods” derived from the root ᴹ√GAR (Ety/GAR). It was initially given as singular arma meaning {“possessions, goods, property” >>} “a piece of good or property” (EtyAC/GAR, ƷAR).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. vakt- “wares” under the early root ᴱ√VAKA (QL/99).

aryante

feminine name. Day-bringer

A female name (possible a variant of Árien) appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as compound of arya “day” and ante “giver (f.)” (Ety/ANA¹, AR¹).

aryon

noun. heir

Two similar words appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s: ᴹQ. aryon “heir” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√GAR, and ᴹQ. haryon “(heir) prince” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√ƷAR, both roots having to do with possession (Ety/GAR; Ety/ƷAR). Drafts of these entries had aryo, aryon “son of property = heir” and aryon “heir, prince” (EtyAC/GAR; EtyAC/ƷAR). Based on the gloss “son of property”, I think it is likely the second element of these words is the root ᴹ√YO(N) “son”.

Neo-Quenya: It is possible Tolkien intended haryon and aryon to coexist, but since we have other “prince” words I would just use aryon “heir = one who inherits wealth” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

aran

noun. child

This word first appeared as ᴱQ. ar (arn-) “child” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/32) and its stem form arn- appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/32). The word reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/135), but in the Early Noldorin Dictionary the Qenya form was given as arne. In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, the word appeared as ᴹQ. aran (arn-) “child” (PE21/19), but there is no sign of it from this point forward, probably displaced by Q. aran “king”.

ar sauron túle nukumna númenórenna

and Sauron came humbled to Númenor

|1|   2   |   3   |4|5| |ar|O| |sauron| |lende|túle| |nūmenorenna|nahamna|{kamindon >> akamna >>}|nukumna|

arwa

possessing, having, in control of

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “in control of, possessing” said to be used with the genitive, appearing under the root ᴹ√GAR (Ety/GAR). Presumably its use would be something like atan arwa malto “a man possessing of gold (malta)”. It also functioned as a suffix, as in ᴹQ. aldarwa “having trees, tree-grown”, for example aldarwa ambo “a tree-grown hill, a hill having trees”. Drafts of this entry first translated it as a noun meaning “possessions, belongings, wealth”, revised to a suffix meaning “having, possessing, holding, controlling”, before reaching its final iteration (EtyAC/GAR). Notes on the Feanorian Alphabet also mentioned this adjective as a name for the sign 6é or 7é (r+w), translated “having, possessing” in the 1930s (PE22/23) and “possessing” in the 1940s (PE22/52).

are fanturion

proper name. Day of the Fanturi, fourth day of the Valian week

The Quenya name for the 4th day of the Valian 5-day week, a combination of are “day” and the genitive plural of Fantur, the common title of Lórien and Mandos (Ety/LEP).

are manwen

proper name. Day of Manwe, first day of the Valian week

The Quenya name for the 1st day of the Valian 5-day week, a combination of are “day” and the genitive of Manwe (Ety/LEP).

are veruen

proper name. Day of the Spouses, third day of the Valian week

The Quenya name for the 3rd day of the Valian 5-day week, a combination of are “day” and the genitive of dual form veru “spouses”, referring to Aule and Yavanna (Ety/BES, LEP).

ar ulmon

proper name. Day of Ulmo, second day of the Valian week

The Quenya name for the 2nd day of the Valian 5-day week, a combination of are “day” and the genitive of Ulmo (Ety/LEP).

arkimbele

place name. Rivendell

A Quenya name for Imladris(t) (Rivendell) appearing only in the locative form Arkimbelesse “at Rivendell” in linguistic notes from the 1940s (PE22/125). The etymology of the name is unclear, but it may be a combination of arka “narrow” and imbe “dell” as suggested to me by Lokyt in a Discord conversation from 2021-08-25.

arat

noun. weed

A word for “weed” in the Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s with a stem form of arak- (PE21/33, 35).

ar-

prefix. outside, beside

ara

preposition. outside, beside

arda

noun. realm, region

are

noun. day

arie

noun. daytime

@@@ may be reconceived as a derivative of AS.

arin

noun. morning

@@@ may be reconceived as a derivative of AS.

arta

noun. fort, fortress

arvalin

place name. Outside Valinor

arya

noun. day (twelve hours)

aran

noun. king

aranaite

adjective. *kingly, royal

aranyalle

noun. *kingdom

aran ie mólome

being a king is a burden

araníe

noun. kingship

arye qete arya

another man says something else

man umma eldar

are there any Elves (do such folk exist)?

ambar

noun. Earth, World

harwe

noun. treasure, treasury

A word for “treasure, treasury” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, as opposed to ᴹQ. harma “treasure, a treasured thing”, both derived from the root ᴹ√ƷAR “have, hold” (Ety/ƷAR). Earlier versions of these entries had arwe “treasure” and arwe “possessions, wealth”, the latter derived from ᴹ√GAR (EtyAC/ƷAR; EtyAC/GAR).

narmo

noun. wolf

A noun for “wolf” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√ÑGARAM (Ety/ÑGAR(A)M), apparently a variant of ᴹ√ÑGAW “howl”. It seems narmo is a word for an ordinary wolf, as opposed to nauro “werewolf”.

Conceptual Development: A similar (but rejected) form ᴹQ. harma “wolf” appeared under the deleted root ᴹ√ƷARAM (Ety/ƷARAM).

harya-

verb. to possess

haryon

noun. prince (heir)

-ar(yas)

suffix. -day

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

karne

adjective. red

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

karpalimaite

noun. [unglossed]

valariande

place name. Beleriand

harda

noun. realm

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

ranko

noun. arm

A noun for “arm” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶ranku under the root ᴹ√RAK “stretch out, reach” (Ety/RAK).

Conceptual Development: The word ᴱQ. rā “arm” appeared Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward”, along with a variant rakta (QL/78). The Early Qenya Grammar and English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s instead had ᴱQ. ranko “arm” (PE14/76; PE15/69), a form which reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s (see above).

ampanotalea

adjective. architectural

A word for “architectural” in the Quenya Verbal System of 1948, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. ampanóta- “build, construct”.

ampanotaste

noun. architecture

A word for “architecture” in the Quenya Verbal System of 1948, a noun form of ᴹQ. ampanóta- “build, construct”.

pilin

noun. arrow, arrow; [ᴱQ.] feather

tuluste

noun. arrival

aia-

prefix. other, different (of larger numbers)

A prefix for “other, different” appearing Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/99). Tolkien considered several prior forms on the page where it appeared: {asta} >> {aia < asya} >> aia < ᴹ√AYA (PE23/99 note #27). Earlier drafts had {ar} (PE23/101 note #36) >> {ap-, apana-} >> {war- < gwar-} (PE23/102 note #36). Forms appearing in the rest of the document mostly showed {war(a)-} >> ai(a)-.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use later hya- as the basis for “other” words, as with (pron.) hya “other thing” and (adj.) hyana “other” (VT49/14).

am(ba)penda

adjective. uphill, uphill, *sloping up; [ᴱQ.] arduous, difficult, tiresome

An adjective meaning “uphill” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with variants ambapenda and shorter ampenda, a combination of amba “up(wards)” and penda “sloping” (Ety/AM²). More literally it means “✱sloping up”, versus plain penda which has an implication of “sloping down”. It also appeared in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s as ᴱQ. ambapenda, where its cognate ᴱN. amvenn had the glosses “uphill; arduous, difficult, tiresome” (PE13/159). Perhaps ᴹQ. am(ba)penda could colloquially have these meanings as well.

kosta-

verb. to quarrel, to quarrel, [ᴱQ.] debate, dispute, *argue

@@@ gloss “argue” suggested by Sami Paldanius

hún

noun. earth, earth, *ground

A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with stem form hun- and gloss “earth” (QL/39). It might be a later iteration of ᴱQ. han “ground, earth” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39), and if so then hún might also be used as “✱ground”. I think it is useful to assume so for purposes of Neo-Quenya, as the other attested word for “ground”, Q. talan, is probably used more often for “floor”, including floors above the ground level.

panya-

verb. to fix, set, to fix, set; [ᴱQ.] to plan, arrange, intend, mean

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fix, set” under from the root ᴹ√PAN “place, set, fix in place” (Ety/PAN).

Conceptual Development: The verb ᴱQ. panya- “plan, arrange, intend, mean” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s was based on the similar the early root ᴱ√PANA “arrange” (QL/72).

Neo-Quenya: Since √PAN also meant “arrange” in Tolkien’s later writings, I would use panya- for both “fix, set” and “plan, arrange”, but for “intend, mean” I would instead use ᴺQ. selya-.

vanima

adjective. fair

-r

suffix. *archaic allative

melin

adjective. dear, dear, [ᴱQ.] beloved

ráka

noun. wolf

A noun for “wolf” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶d’rāk under the root ᴹ√DARAK (Ety/DARÁK), where the ancient initial dr became r as usual for Quenya (PE19/37).

Conceptual Development: Earlier words for “wolf” of similar form include ᴱQ. ulku and feminine ᴱQ. ulqi “she-wolf” appearing in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√ULUKU (QL/97).

úrien

feminine name. Sun-maiden

An earlier name for Q. Arien (SM/97, LR/243). Its initial element seems to be Ûr, an early name Tolkien used for “Sun”.

aiane

pronoun. anybody (thing, one) else; someone else, another

The correlative combinations ᴹQ. aiane or aine “anybody (thing, one) else; someone else, another” appeared Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/103 and note #42), both proniminal forms of ᴹQ. aia- “other”. These replaced various rejected forms: {arane, are} >> {warane, ware} >> {astane, asse, anasse} >> aiane, aine.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would use ᴺQ. hyaquen for “someone else, another”, Q. hya “other” and quén “person”.

aianima

adjective. of other sort, of other kind

The correlative ᴹQ. {warima >>} aianima “of other sort” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/107 note #89), a combination of ᴹQ. aia- “other” and ᴹQ. -ima “sort”. There was also arima (estima) “of other kind” in a draft section (PE23/106 note #80).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. hyalumë “of other sort, of other kind” using later hya for “other” and the later suffix -itë, as in taitë “of that sort”.

huo

noun. dog

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dog” derived from the root ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” (Ety/KHUGAN). It is probably one of the better known words for “dog” in Quenya, and was widely used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

namba

noun. hammer

A noun for “a hammer” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NDAM “hammer, beat” (Ety/NDAM). Tolkien wrote an l/ above this word, possibly indicating a variant form lamba (EtyAC/NDAM). This variant is consistent with the alternate form of the root: ᴹ√DAM (EtyAC/NDAM). I would stick to namba “hammer” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. artan (artam-) or tartan “hammer” (QL/32), the second variant also appearing with a stem form tartam- under the early root ᴱ√TARA(MA) “to batter, thud, beat” (QL/89). Other early “hammer” words include ᴱQ. petl “hammer” under the early root ᴱ√PETE (QL/73) and ᴱQ. tonga “a great hammer” under the early root ᴱ√TOŊO “to hammer” (QL/94).

pilen

noun. feather

A word for “feather” in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/33-34), probably a later iteration of ᴱQ. pilin “feather” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/74). The word ᴹQ. pilin was more frequently glossed “arrow”.

imbeláris

place name. Rivendell

A Quenya name for Imladris(t) (Rivendell) given on a rejected page of linguistic notes from the 1940s (PE22/127), simply a Quenyarized form of the Noldorin name.

latimberista

place name. Rivendell

A Quenya name for Imladris(t) (Rivendell) given on a rejected paged of linguistic notes from the 1940s (PE22/127). The elements of this Quenya name are the same as its Noldorin cognate: Tolkien stated that is initial element is latimbe “glen” (√LAT + imbe), and its final element is clearly rista “cut”. On the same page, Tolkien stated that this name was not used in practice, and was replaced the Quenyarized form of the Noldorin name: Imbeláris.

noldórien

place name. Beleriand

Another name for Beleriand appearing in early Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/174), a compound of the plural of Noldo and the suffix -ien “land” (Ety/ÑGOLOD).

Conceptual Development: A similar, rejected name ᴱQ. Noldórinan appeared in the list of names that Tolkien considered before adopting Beleriand (LB/160).

seldo

noun. child, child [m.], *boy

A word for a (male) child in The Etymologies of the 1930s added to its entry when the meaning of the root ᴹ√SEL-D was changed from “daughter” to “child” (Ety/SEL-D). It was written above its feminine equivalent ᴹQ. selde and an apparently neuter form ᴹQ. selda was written to the right, making seldo likely the masculine form as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (EtyAC/SEL-D), hence = “✱boy”.

ava-

prefix. without

ára

noun. dawn, day

árien

feminine name. Sun-maiden

ten

conjunction. for

tul-

verb. to come

ye-

verb. to be

elda

noun. Elf

-ien

suffix. daughter

(a)ranya

adjective. free

-ie

suffix. abstract noun

-iel

suffix. daughter

-le

suffix. abstract noun

-sse

suffix. abstract noun

ai(a)na

alien, strange, any other, of another sort, other; anything else, some other matter, a different matter

ette

adverb/adjective. outside

hilde

noun. heir

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

káne

noun. valour

men

noun. place, spot

orome

masculine name. Orome

ostirion

noun. fort

pa

preposition. about

qende

noun. Elf

rauko

noun. demon

ráma

noun. wing

taura

adjective. mighty

ve

preposition. with

yo

conjunction. and

esse

noun. place

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

-me

suffix. abstract noun

a

preposition. [unglossed]

ala

noun. day

alama

noun. [unglossed]

alan

noun. daytime

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

ampenda

adjective. uphill

ane

pronoun. somebody, something

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

au-

prefix. without

engwa

?. [unglossed]

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

erume

noun. desert

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “desert” derived of the root ᴹ√ERE “be alone, deprived” and connected to the name ᴹQ. Eruman which was described in this document as a “desert N.E. of Valinor” (Ety/ERE).

es

[unglossed]

esse

noun. name

felya

noun. cave

halda

adjective. tall

halla

adjective. tall

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

kurwe

noun. craft

lai

adverb. very

lamba

noun. hammer

lau(w)e

?. [unglossed]

mahtya

?. [unglossed]

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

mandu

noun. lord

min

cardinal. one

mine

cardinal. one

mirima

adjective. free

ména

noun. region

nandakka-

verb. [unglossed]

nerno

?. [unglossed]

nisse

noun. woman

niule

?. [unglossed]

nome

noun. place

ná-

verb. to be

olta-

verb. [unglossed]

orta-

verb. to rise

orya-

verb. to rise

qen

noun. Elf

qesse

noun. feather

raf-

verb. to snatch, seize

rampa

?. [unglossed]

ranya

adjective. free

ravanda

noun. wilderness

ríe

noun. crown

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

séra

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

tante

noun. [unglossed]

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

teuka

?. [unglossed]

timpana

noun. [unglossed]

toina

adjective. [unglossed]

toróma

noun. [unglossed]

tunda

adjective. tall

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

ye

conjunction. and

ye

preposition. at

yelde

noun. daughter

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

yen(de)

noun. daughter

yondo

noun. son

yu

conjunction. and

éma

?. [unglossed]