axo
noun. bone
Cognates
Derivations
- ᴺ✶. askō “bone”
Element in
- ᴺQ. axendë “marrow”
- Q. axor ilcalannar “on bones gleaming” ✧ MC/222
- ᴺQ. axula “bony”
- ᴺQ. caraxo “skull, *(lit.) head-bone”
- ᴺQ. ilcaxo “ivory, (lit.) gleam bone”
Variations
- axo ✧ MC/223
axo
bone
axo noun "bone"; pl. axor in Markirya
ach
noun. bone
Cognates
- Q. axo “bone”
askō Reconstructed
noun. bone
Derivatives
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
asto
noun. bone
Element in
- ᴹQ. astula “bony” ✧ PE21/27
hûn
noun. bone
A noun for “bone” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, used “especially of men and eldar” (GL/49), as opposed to G. asg “bone” used mostly of animals.
Cognates
- Eq. hón(a) “bone” ✧ GL/49
Element in
asg
noun. bone, bone; [G.] stone of fruit
A word appearing as ᴱN. asg “bone” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/137, 160). G. asg “bone” also appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with a variant form asc and the glosses “bone (especially of other animals, rarely of men); stone of fruit” (GL/20). This 1910s form was clearly related to ᴱQ. as “bone” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/33).
Neo-Sindarin: In the 1960s, Tolkien used the Quenya word axo for bone (MC/223) and Fiona Jallings suggested ᴺS. ach as its Sindarin equivalent. Unfortunately, that clashes with attested S. ach “neck” (PE17/92), so I prefer to retain ᴺS. asg for “bone”, and assume it is derived from primitive ✱ᴺ✶askō, where the primitive sk became sg in Sindarin, just as it did in earlier iterations of the language.
Cognates
- Et. axas ✧ PE13/160
Element in
- En. asgatheb “bony” ✧ PE13/160
as
noun. bone
Cognates
- G. asg “bone; stone of fruit”
Element in
- Eq. píke assari silde “blinking on bones gleaming” ✧ MC/214
- Eq. assea “bony” ✧ QL/033
- Eq. aswa “of bone” ✧ QL/033
hón(a)
noun. bone
Quenya cognates of G. hûn “bone” given as Q. hōn- or hōna- in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/49), perhaps related to the early root ᴱ√HONO “✱heart” (QL/40).
Cognates
- G. hûn “bone” ✧ GL/49
Derivations
- ᴱ√HONO “*heart”
Variations
- hōn- ✧ GL/49
- hōna- ✧ GL/49
A word for “bone” appearing in the Markirya poem from the 1960s in its plural form axor (MC/222-223). It might be related (conceptually if not etymologically) to the root √AKAS “neck, ridge” (PE17/92).
Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴱQ. as (ass-) bone dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/33). The locative plural of this noun assari “of bones” appeared in the Oilima Markirya poem written around 1930. The form ᴹQ. astŭ- “bone” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/27).
Neo-Quenya: While this word could be derived from ✱aksō, I prefer to assume it is derived from ✱ᴺ✶askō with metathesis sk > ks in Quenya. This makes it more etymologically distinct from axë “neck” and also allows a (Neo) Sindarin form ᴺS. asg “bone”, since a Sindarin derivative of ✱aksō would collide with S. ach “neck”.