Sindarin 

ach

noun. neck, neck, *(upper) spine

A word for “neck” appearing in notes written around 1967, derived from primitive aks based on the root √AKAS “neck, ridge” (PE17/92), where the ks became ch (IPA [x]). Tolkien specified that it was “referring properly only to the vertebrae (the bony part of the neck not including throat)”, so a more accurate translation might be “✱(upper) spine”. A more ordinary word for “neck” as a passage from mouth to the stomach and lungs would be lang.

Sindarin [PE17/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ach

noun. neck

n. neck, refeering properly to the vertebrae (the bony part of the neck not including throat). 'geographical' form achad. Q. akas (later akse) pl. aksi. Fachad

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:92] < _aks_ < AKAS. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

ach

conjunction. *but

achad

noun. rock ridge, neck (geographically)

A noun mentioned in several places as a translation of “neck” as in Tarlang’s Neck (LotR/790), in Sindarin properly S. Achad Tarlang (PE17/92, 146; RC/537). It was a derivative of √AKAS “neck, ridge” (PE17/146). Somewhat curiously, S. lang “neck” was also an element in the name S. Tarlang. As Tolkien explained it:

> It is not certain whether this was named after some ancient man with the Sindarin name Tarlang (“stiff-neck” sc. “proud”) or was due to the obsolescence of Tarlang “the stiff, tough, passage” to which S achad had been prefixed in explanation, so that Achad Tarlang “the crossing called Tarlang” was interpreted as “Tarlang’s Neck”. Achad is another word for “neck”, referring properly only to the vertebrae (the bony part of the neck not including throat). √AKAS: Q akas (later akse) pl. aksi, S ach, geographically achad (< aks). This was also applied geographically to rock ridges. The Neck was not the name of the passage but of the lower, narrower ridge (crossed by the road) between the main mountains, and the mountainous region at southern end of the spur (PE17/92).

Hence S. lang refers to the entire throat, the passage from the mouth to the lungs/stomach, whereas S. ach was the vertebrae and upper spine, and achad was for geographic features resembling the spine, hence rock ridges.

Sindarin [PE17/092; PE17/146; RC/537] Group: Eldamo. Published by

achad

neck

n. neck, refeering properly to the vertebrae (the bony part of the neck not including throat). This is a 'geographical' form, S. ach. Q. akas (later akse) pl. aksi. Fach, AchadTarlang

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:92] < _aks_ < AKAS. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

achad tarlang

place name. Tarlang’s Neck

The full Sindarin name of Tarlang’s Neck, a combination of achad “neck, rock ridge” and the name Tarlang (RC/537, PE17/92).

Sindarin [PE17/092; RC/537] Group: Eldamo. Published by

achar-

verb. to avenge, do back, react, requite

A verb meaning “to avenge”, derived from the Sindarin-only root √AK “hostile return” (PE17/167), probably in combination with ✶kar- “to do” and hence literally “do back with hostility”.

Conceptual Development: The initial element of this word was first derived from √AT “again” (PE17/166). Apparently the prefix ✶at- (also meaning “twice”) did not have the connotation Tolkien wanted, because he rejected this etymology, and went on to explore several different possible primitive forms meaning “back (again)”. Among these discussions, he coined the new root √AK, from which he derived the related Sindarin words acharn “(act of) revenge” and achared “vengeance”. The latter is clearly the gerund of achar-, so it seems this was also the new derivation of this verb.

Sindarin [PE17/166; PE17/167] Group: Eldamo. Published by

achas

noun. dread, fear

This might also be *gachas, mutated in composition

Sindarin [Daerachas WJ/187] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Achad Tarlang

place name. The long narrow 'col' or passage over the long spur of the mountains that separated Lamedon from the plain of Erech

topon. The long narrow 'col' or passage over the long spur of the mountains that separated Lamedon from the plain of Erech. It is not certain whether this was named after some ancient man with the Sindarin name Tarlang ('stiff-neck', sc. 'proud') or was due to the obsolescence of Tarlang 'the stiff, tough passage' to which S. ached had been prefixed in explanation, so that Achad Tarlang 'the crossing called Tarlang' was interpreted as 'Tarlang's Neck'. The neck was not the name of the passage but of the lower, narrower ridge (crossed by the road) between the main mountains, and the mountainous region at southern end of the spur. Fachad, lang

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:92] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

achad

neck (esp

n. neck (esp. referring to the bony structure, extension of the spine). achad << achas. Q. axo.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:146] < AKAS ridge, esp. Serrated, of rocks, _etc._. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

achar-

do back

_ v. _do back, react; requite; avenge. Q. _akkar _or ahtar. Tôl achar 'vengeance is coming'. . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:166] < AT 'back', an action by _another agent_ in return to a previous action + ?. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

achared

noun. vengeance

Sindarin [PE17/167] Group: Eldamo. Published by

acharn

noun. vengeance, (an act of) revenge

Sindarin [PE17/166; PE17/167; WJ/254] Group: Eldamo. Published by

achad

noun. neck (properly referring only to the bony vertebral part not including the throat)

Sindarin [RC/537] Q. axo. Group: SINDICT. Published by

achared

noun. vengeance

_n. _vengeance.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:167] < AK of hostile return. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

acharn

noun. vengeance

Sindarin [WJ/254, WJ/301] OS *akkʰarna, CE *atkarnâ "reaction". Group: SINDICT. Published by

acharn

noun. vengeance

n. (an act of) vengeance.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:167] < AK of hostile return. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

i glinn hen agorer edain mi velerian, ach hí in ellath îr ed epholar

*this song Men made in Beleriand, but now the Elves alone (?remember) it

ach

conjunction. but

[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.

Sindarin [VT50:15] Group: Subject of debate. Published by

ach

conjunction. but

[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.

Sindarin [VT50:15] Group: Subject of debate. Published by

ach

noun. bone

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

acharn

vengeance

acharn (pl. echern)

achas

fear

(noun) 1) achas (dread), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i **achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), 2) dêl (i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl), 3) delos (i dhelos) (horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. Note: a side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 4) gôr (i ngôr = i ñor, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (dread, horror), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations. 5) niphred (pallor); pl. niphrid.

achas

dread

(fear), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i ’achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), coll. pl. achassath.

achas

fear

(dread), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i ’achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais)

acharn

vengeance

(pl. echern)

achas

noun. dread, fear

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

delos

dread

(noun) 1) delos (i dhelos) (fear, horror, abhorrence, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 2) gae (i **ae), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngae = i ñae), 3) gôr (i ngôr = i ñôr, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, horror), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour”, but has different mutations. 4) goroth (i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n**goroth = o ñgoroth) (horror), pl. geryg (in geryg** = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. *göryth. 5) gorth (i ngorth = i ñorth, o n**gorth = o ñgorth) (horror), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). _(WJ:415) _Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”. 6) goss (i **oss, constuct gos) (horror), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss). 7) gost (i ngost = i ñost, o n**gost = o ñgost) (terror), pl. gyst (in gyst = i ñgyst). 8) achas (fear), pl. echais. It is possible that the word is lenited in the source, and that it should have an initial g-; if so read gachas (i **achas), pl. gechais (i ngechais = i ñechais), coll. pl. achassath.

iaeth

neck

1) iaeth; no distinct pl. form. 2) lanc (throat), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

lanthir

waterfall

lanthir (no distinct pl. form). Coll. pl. lanthiriath.

lanthir

waterfall

lanthir (no distinct pl. form). Coll. pl. lanthiriath.

gorn

dread

(-ngorn-) 2b n. dread, used in sense of reverence, majesty. >> Aragorn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:113] < ÑGOR dread. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

lanthir

noun. waterfall

Sindarin [S/406, PM/349] lant+sîr "falling stream". Group: SINDICT. Published by

lanthir

noun. waterfall

A word for “waterfall” in the name S. Lanthir Lamath “Waterfall of Echoing Voices” (S/235; PM/349). It is probably a combination of the variant root √LAT “fall” (more typically √DAT) and S. sîr “river”, hence “✱falling river”.

thos

noun. fear

_ n. _fear. O.Q. þosse. >> di'nguruthos

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:87] < ÞOS frighten, terrify. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

thoss

noun. fear

Sindarin [PE17/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

daedhelos

great dread

(i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct.

daedhelos

great fear

(i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct. Another term for

delos

dread

(i dhelos) (fear, horror, abhorrence, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).

delos

fear

(i dhelos) (horror, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. Note: a side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).

dêl

fear

(i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, loathing, horror), pl. dîl (i nîl)

gae

dread

(i ’ae), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngae = i ñae)

goe

great fear

(i ’oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe = i ñoe).

gorgoroth

deadly fear

(i ngorgoroth = i ñorgoroth, o n’gorgoroth = o ngorgoroth) (terror), pl. gergeryth (in gergeryth = i ñgergeryth). Archaic pl. görgöryth. Also in shorter form gorgor (i ngorgor = i ñorgor, o n’gorgor = o ñgorgor) (extreme horror), pl. gergyr (in gergyr = i ñgergyr), coll. pl. *gorgorath*** (WJ:415). Archaic pl. ✱görgyr**.

goroth

dread

(i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n’goroth = o ñgoroth) (horror), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. ✱göryth.

gorth

dread

(i ngorth = i ñorth, o n’gorth = o ñgorth) (horror), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). (WJ:415) Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”.

goss

dread

(i ’oss, constuct gos) (horror), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss).

gost

dread

(i ngost = i ñost, o n’gost = o ñgost) (terror), pl. gyst (in gyst = i ñgyst).

gosta

fear exceedingly

(i ’osta, i ngostar = i ñostar)

guruthos

dread of death

(i nguruthos = i ñuruthos, o n’guruthos = o ñguruthos) (death-horror), pl. (if there is a pl.) either guruthys (in guruthys = i ñguruthys) or gyrythys (in gyrythys = i ñgyrythys) with umlaut throughtout the word. Coll. pl. guruthossath.

gôr

dread

(i ngôr = i ñôr, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, horror), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour”, but has different mutations.

gôr

fear

(i ngôr = i ñor, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (dread, horror), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations.

iaeth

neck

; no distinct pl. form.

lanc

neck

(throat), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

niphred

fear

(pallor); pl. niphrid.