ad-
prefix. back, again, re-
ad-
prefix. back, again, re-
heltha-
verb. to strip
tad
cardinal. two
tadol
ordinal. double
tadol
adjective. double
tâd
cardinal. two
tâd
cardinal. two
ad-
prefix. back, again, re-
adu
adjective. double
an
preposition. to, towards, for
With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath
an
to
_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath 'glory to all the Halflings'.
edaid
ordinal. double
edaid
adjective. double
gladh-
verb. to laugh, to laugh [at a joke], *guffaw
This word is not compatible with the name Lalaith “Laughter” attested in The Silmarillion. The most likely explanation of this name is that it is the unattested verb ✱lala- “laugh” with the abstract noun suffix -th seen in tirith “watch(ing)” and sirith “flowing”. This indicates a primitive form ✶lala- instead of ✶glada- (both primitives produce Quenya lala-). If you were to accept gladh- as the Sindarin word for “laugh”, then the word for “laughter” would perhaps be the equivalent abstract noun ✱gladhath, and the name Lalaith might be a mix of Quenya and Sindarin. @@@ Neo-Sindarin uses
lala-
verb. to laugh
na
to
e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2
na
preposition. to
prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2
tad
cardinal. two
tâd
cardinal. two
tâd
cardinal. two
ad
back
(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "second, again, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".
ad
back
also meaning "second, again, re-", e.g. aderthad "reunion".
an
to
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
to
(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)
dan
back
(prep.) dan (lenited nan) (again, against);
dan
back
(lenited nan) (again, against);
edaid
double
(adj.) 1) edaid; no distinct pl. form, 2) tadol (lenited dadol, analogical pl. dedyl)
edaid
double
; no distinct pl. form
tad-dal
two-legged
(lenited dad-dal), pl. tad-dail.
tadol
double
(lenited dadol, analogical pl. dedyl)
tâd
cardinal. two
- tâd (in compounds tad-, as in tad-dal ”two-legged”), 2) (adjectival prefix) ui- (twi-, both).
tâd
two
(in compounds tad-, as in tad-dal ”two-legged”)
ui
two
(twi-, both).
u
preposition. to
satta
noun. two
The Adûnaic number “two” (SD/428). It seems likely that it is related to Q. atta “two”, as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (AAD/22), though it is unclear how the initial s- might have developed in the Adûnaic. It may also be related to the Adûnaic dual suffix -at, as suggested by Andreas Moehn (EotAL/SAT).
(a)tata
cardinal. two
an
preposition. to
atata
root. two, two; [ᴹ√] again, back
atatya
adjective. double
atta
cardinal. two
enki
pronoun. that by you over there (addressing or writing to someone at a distance)
khan
root. back
tata
masculine name. Two
tō/oto
root. back
The earliest appearance of this root was ᴹ√TOTO- “repeat” from Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109). The root appeared as √TŌ/OTO in a discussion of prefixes for “back” from around 1959, where Tolkien specified its meaning as “back as an answer, or return by another agent to an action affecting him, as in answering, replying, avenging, requiting, repaying, rewarding”; Tolkien also considered the forms √UTU/TŪ (PE17/166). In this 1959 note Tolkien crossed √TŌ/OTO through and seems to have replaced it with √KHAN. Tolkien mentioned the root √OT in a discussion of numbers from the late 1960s, but only to specify that “there was no primitive base OT-” (VT47/16).
glada-
verb. to laugh
tata
cardinal. two
-nna
to
-n (1) dative ending, originating as a reduced form of -nă "to", related to the allative ending -nna (VT49:14). Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon (q.v.) and also added to the English name Elaine (Elainen) in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths (VT49:40). The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna (q.v.), also in the noun mariéna from márië "goodness" (PE17:59). Pl. -in (as in hínin, see hína), partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt (Plotz). The preposition ana (#1) is said to be used "when purely dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for "to God". In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the ending -n (or -en) expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o (cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200).
-nna
to, at, upon
-nna "to, at, upon", allative ending, originating from -na "to" with fortified n, VT49:14. Attested in cilyanna, coraryanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, númenórenna, parma-restalyanna, rénna, senna, tielyanna, q.v. If a noun ends in -n already, the ending -nna merges with it, as in Amanna, formenna, Elenna, númenna, rómenna as the allative forms of Aman, formen, elen, númen, rómen (q.v.). Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v.
-nna
suffix. (movement) to, towards, onto, at (arriving at a point); allative suffix
ana
to
ana (1) prep. "to" (VT49:35), "as preposition _ana _is used when purely _dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that the preposition ana can be used instead of the dative ending -n (#1, q.v.) Also as prefix: ana- "to, towards" (NĀ1); an (q.v.) is used with this meaning in one source (PE17:127)_
ataquetië
saying again, repetition
ataquetië noun (or gerund of verb) "saying again, repetition" (PE17:166). Cited as at(a)quetië, implying an alternative form atquetië.
ataquetië
noun. saying again, repetition
atatya
double
atatya vb? adj.? "double" (VT42:26)
atatya
adjective. double
atta
cardinal. two
atta (1) cardinal "two" (AT(AT), Letters:427, VT42:26, 27, VT48:6, 19). Elen atta "two stars" (VT49:44); notice how a noun is indeclinable before this numeral, and any case endings are "singular" and added to the numeral rather than the noun, e.g. genitive elen atto "of two stars" (VT49:45). Attalyar "Bipeds" (sg. *Attalya) = Petty-dwarves (from Sindarin Tad-dail) (WJ:389). A word atta_ "again" was struck out; see the entry _TAT in Etym and cf. ata in this list.
atta
cardinal. two
atwa
double
atwa adj. "double" (AT(AT) )
lala-
verb. to laugh
na
to, towards
na (2) prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by #1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead (NĀ1). Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana (VT45:36).
opto
noun. back
pontë
back, rear
pontë (ponti-) noun "back, rear" (QL:75)
satto
cardinal. two
satto, "Qenya" numeral "two" (in Tolkiens later Quenya atta) (VT49:54)
tanta
double
tanta (2) (prob. adj.) "double" (TATA)
catta
noun. back
A neologism for “back” coined by Paul Strack in 2022 specifically for Eldamo, based on Q. ca(ta) “behind, at back of place”. This word can refer to the back of body as well as the back of other things.
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
at(a)-
prefix. back, again, re-
tanta
adjective. double
atta
cardinal. two
opto
noun. back
A word (noun?) translated as “back” in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1940s (PE22/50).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had a noun ᴱQ. ponte “back, rear” under the early root ᴱ√POT-I (QL/75). Early Noldorin word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. ponte as the equivalent of ᴱN. bón “back” (PE13/139), while Early Qenya word-lists from this same period had ᴱQ. ponte “back” (PE16/136).
Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writings, the root √OPO was used for “in front” (PE22/168; VT49/32), so I would replace these early “back” words with a neologism ᴺQ. catta “back” based on the later preposition Q. ca(ta) “behind, at back (of place)”.
waryallume
adverb. *at a different time
ado
adjective. double
An adjective meaning “double” derived from the primitive root for two: ᴹ√AT (Ety/AT(AT)). The entry includes both intermediate and final forms adu and ado. Its Quenya cognate atwa indicates a primitive form ✱✶atwā, so this word is the clearest evidence that [[ilk|final [w] became [u]]] and [[ilk|final [u] became [o]]] in Ilkorin.
dôn
noun. back
A Doriathrin word for “back” explicitly marked as a noun (Ety/NDAN). Its primitive form might have been ✱✶ndān, so that the primitive long [[ilk|[ā] became [ō]]] and the [[ilk|initial nasal [n] was lost before the stop]] (as suggested by Helge Fauskanger, AL-Doriathrin/dôn).
atha
cardinal. two
cacha-
verb. to laugh
cancha-
verb. to laugh
to
proper name. To
bod
adverb. back
An adverb appearing as G. bod “behind, back, (of time) ago, a while back” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s that Tolkien said was based on an unaccented form of G. pont “the back” (GL/23, 64). As a prefix G. bod- meant “back, again” and also “un-” as in “backwards”. Early Noldorin word-lists of the 1920s had adverb and prefix ᴱN. bod “back” based on primitive ᴱ✶bot- (PE13/139).
bod-
prefix. back, back, [G.] again; un- (= backwards)
bôn
noun. back
kaka-
verb. to laugh
rukta-
verb. to belch smoke, spout smoke; to cause to smoke; to smoke at a pipe
A word appearing as ᴱQ. rukta- “belch smoke, spout smoke - cause to smoke; smoke at pipe” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√RUKU “smoke, reek” (QL/80).
Neo-Quenya: I think this word can be revised to ᴺQ. uruhta- “to (cause to) smoke; to belch smoke” as a derivative of the later root √USUK, which I use as the basis for “smoke” words in Neo-Eldarin; this neologism was first coined by Shihali in a Discord chat on 2018-04-20.
yúyo
cardinal. two
atta
root. two
atta
cardinal. two
tata
root. two
The form helta- in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:14