cast (i gast, o chast) (cape), pl. caist (i chaist);
Sindarin
cast
noun. cape, headland
cast
noun. cape, headland
cast
headland
cast
headland
cast
headland
(i gast, o chast) (cape), pl. caist (i chaist)
esgal
noun. cast shadow, shade; screen, hiding, veil, cast shadow, shade; screen, hiding; veil
A word meaning either “veil, screen, hiding” (Ety/SKAL¹; SA/esgal) or “a cast shadow” (PE17/184) derived from the root √SKAL “cover, veil”, most notably an element in the name Esgalduin (S/121) translated “River under Veil” (Ety/SKAL¹) or “River under Shade” (PE17/15, 184).
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s esgal was translated “screen, hiding, roof of leaves”, but there it (and the river name) were from the Ilkorin language. In notes from around 1966-67, however, Tolkien shift the sense of the root, saying:
> √SKAL was applied to more opaque things that cut off light and cast shadows over other things ... √SPAN was applied to things of lighter texture, and corresponds closer to our “veil” ... They appear also to have differed in that while SKAL was primitively verbal SPAN was primitively nominal. Thus the most primitive derivative of SKAL was skalā and this meant the action or effect of overshadowing: a cast shadow, S esgal, Q †ixal & hala. But spanā meant a thing that veiled, a veil (PE17/184).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I think esgal can refer to both a shading screen (as it did in the 1930s) or the shadow under that screen (as it did in the 1960s), but it is unlikely that Tolkien himself maintained these two senses simultaneously. However, there are a number of other Sindarin good words for “shadow” but not many for “screen, veil”, especially since fân < ✶spanā or ✶phanā is used mainly with the sense “cloud”. However, I would limit esgal to genuinely opaque screens and curtains, ones that block most if not all light, and for a diaphanous veil I’d use fân.
esgal
a cast shadow
_n. _a cast shadow. Q. hala, poet. ixal. . This gloss was rejected.
morchant
noun. shadow cast by light, (lit.) dark shape
rast
cape
(geographic) 1) rast (also shortened ras), pl. raist, idh raist, 2) (of land) bund (i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (snout, nose), pl. bynd (i mbynd), #cast (i gast, o chast) (headland), pl. caist (i chaist) (VT42:14; compare the name Angast)
morchant
noun. shadow (of objects, cast by light), dark shape
rast
cape
(also shortened ras), pl. raist, idh raist
dae
noun. shadow, shadow (cast by an object or form), [N.] shade
hant
noun. throw, cast; turn or move in games
fanha-
verb. to veil
v. to veil, cloak. Q. fanta-. Naturally mainly used of veils cast over things that shone, or were brighter and more vivid.
bund
cape
(i mund, o mbund, construct mun) (snout, nose), pl. bynd (i mbynd), #cast (i gast, o chast) (headland), pl. caist (i chaist) (VT42:14; compare the name Angast)
aned
give
anno
verb. give!
dae
noun. shadow
esgal
noun. veil, screen, cover that hides
fân
noun. veil
fân
noun. cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills)
guruthos
noun. the shadow of death, death-horror
gwath
noun. shade, shadow, dim light
gwath
noun. stain
lum
noun. shade
ness
noun. headland, *headland; [G.] (water) meadow; long grass
An element appearing in the name Taras-ness for the headlands below the mountain Taras (UT/28), a promonotory sticking out over the water. The actual meaning of ness is unclear.
Conceptual Development: Superficially this word resembles G. ness “water meadow; long grass” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/60) which was probably a derivative of the early root ᴱ√NESE “give to feed; feed, pasture; graze” (QL/66). Given its Early Qenya cognate ᴱQ. nesse “(green) fodder, herb, grass”, it is likely that “long grass” is the original sense of G. ness, and “water meadow” is an extrapolated meaning.
Neo-Sindarin: If the headland of Taras-ness was used for grazing, the two words might still be related. I would thus retain the Gnomish meanings “meadow; long grass” for this Sindarin word, since we have no other good “meadow” word in Sindarin.
anna
give
anna- (i anna, in annar), pa.t. ?aun (with endings one-)
anna
give
(i anna, in annar), pa.t. ?aun (with endings one-)
dae
shadow
(i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae).
dae
shade
(i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae)
daew
shadow
(i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8).
dúath
dark shadow
(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith). Compare the Ephel Dúath or ”Mountains of Shadow” forming th outer fence of Mordor, perhaps suggesting that Dúath is also the word used of Sauron as ”the Shadow”.
escal
veil
(screen, cover that hides), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
escal
veil
(noun) 1) escal (screen, cover that hides), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail). 2) fân (cloud, manifested body of a Vala), construct fan, pl. fain
fuin
nightshade
(gloom, darkness, night, dead of night); no distinct pl. form.
fân
veil
(cloud, manifested body of a Vala), construct fan, pl. fain
gwathra
veil
(i ’wathra, in gwathrar) (dim, obscure, overshadow)
gwathra
veil
(verb) gwathra- (i **wathra, in gwathrar**) (dim, obscure, overshadow)
gwâth
shadow
(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)
gwâth
shade
(noun) 1) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261), 2) dae (i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae), 3) lûm (pl. luim**).
gwâth
shade
(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)
had
hurl
had- (i châd, i chedir), pa.t. hant, with endings hanni- as in hennin *”I hurled”.
had
hurl
(i châd, i chedir), pa.t. hant, with endings hanni- as in hennin ✱”
lûm
shade
(pl. luim).
morchant
shadow
1) morchant (i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form. 2) dae (i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae). 3) daew (i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8). 4) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261) 5) muil (i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil**),
morchant
shadow
(i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form.
muil
shadow
(i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)
seidia
set aside
seidia- (appropriate to special purpose or owner) (i heidia, i seidiar) (VT42:20).
cast (i gast, o chast) (cape), pl. caist (i chaist)