Quenya 

haura

huge

haura adj. "huge" (PE17:115)

haura

adjective. huge

Derivations

  • KHAW “big” ✧ PE17/115

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
KHAWA > haura[kʰaura] > [xaura] > [haura]✧ PE17/115

Variations

  • haura ✧ PE17/115

taura

mighty, masterful

taura adj. "mighty, masterful" (TUR, PE17:115), "very mighty, vast, of unmeasured might or size" (VT39:10). Cf. túrëa.

Ara-

noble

Ara-, ar- a prefixed form of the stem Ara- "noble" (PM:344). In the masc. names Aracáno "high chieftain", mothername (amilessë, q.v.) of Fingolfin (PM:360, cf. 344), Arafinwë "Finarfin" (MR:230)

lár

league

lár (1) noun "league", a linear measure, 5000 rangar (q.v.). A ranga was approximately 38 inches, so a lár was "5277 yards, two feet and four inches [ca. 4826 m], supposing the equivalence to be exact" - close enough to our league of 5280 yards to justify this translation. The basic meaning of lár is "pause"; in marches a brief halt was made for each league. (UT:285)

lár

noun. league; †stop, pause

Cognates

  • S. daur “league; †stop, pause” ✧ UT/279

Derivations

  • ᴹ√DAR “stay, wait, stop, remain”

Element in

  • ᴺQ. larnelta “mile; *(lit.) league third”
Quenya [UT/279; UT/285; UTI/lár] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tar-

affix. high, high; [ᴹQ.] king or queen (in compounds)

Cognates

  • S. -dor “*king, lord”

Derivations

  • TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble”

Element in

Variations

  • tar- ✧ PE22/148; SA/tar
Quenya [PE22/148; SA/tar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Naira

vast, wide, empty

naira (2) adj. "vast, wide, empty" (PE17:27)

arata

high, lofty, noble

arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)

arato

noble

arato noun "a noble" (PE17:147), in PE17:118 given as aratō and there glossed "lord" (often = "king"). Cf. aráto. The form cited in the latter source, aratō with a long final vowel, is evidently very archaic (compare Enderō under Ender); later the vowel would become short. (PE17:118)

halda

adjective. high, tall

Quenya [PE 22:103; PE 22:148] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

tára

lofty

tára (1) adj. "lofty". (SA:tar, LT1:264, TĀ/TA3 (AYAK, TÁWAR), VT45:6), "tall, high" (WJ:417). Compare antara. Adverb táro in an early "Qenya" text (VT27:20, 26). The adj. tára is not to be confused with the continuative form of the verb #tar- "stand".

arquen

noble

arquen noun "a noble" (WJ:372), "knight" (PE17:147)

varanda

sublime

varanda adj. "sublime" (PE17:23), related to the name Varda.

varanda

adjective. sublime

Cognates

  • S. brand “towering; tall and massive, towering, tall and massive, [N.] high; lofty, noble, fine” ✧ PE17/023

Derivations

  • BARAD “lofty, high, height combined with strength/size/majesty” ✧ PE17/022
    • BAR “[ᴹ√] raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
BARAD > varanda[baranda] > [βaranda] > [varanda]✧ PE17/022

high

2) adj. "high" (LT1:264; there spelt . This is hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya, but cf. tára "lofty".)

yána

vast, huge; wide

yána (1) adj. "vast, huge; wide" (PE17:99, 115); also yanda, q.v.

tap-

stop, block

tap- vb. "stop, block" (the form tapë given in the Etymologies is translated "he stops, blocks", evidently the 3rd person sg. aorist. In Etym as printed in LR, a was misprinted as á, cf. VT46:17). Pa.t. tampë (TAP)

pusta

stop

pusta (1) noun "stop", in punctuation full stop (PUS). Compare putta.

putta

stop

putta noun "stop" (in punctuation) _(PUT; see PUS). _According to VT46:10, a dot under a letter is intended, possibly indicating that the consonant is not followed by a vowel; cf. VT46:33 and see VT49:38, 40 regarding an actual example of such punctuation in a Tengwar sample.

tána

high, lofty, noble

tána (meaning unclear, probably adj. "high, lofty, noble") (TĀ/TA3). Compare tára.

velicë

great

velicë ("k") adj. "great" _(LT1:254; probably not valid in Tolkien's later Quenya; in the context of the Etymologies it would have to be derived from _BEL, but it is stated that this stem was "not found in Q". Perhaps Tolkien rejected velicë because it was too similar to the Russian word that clearly inspired it.)

melehta

mighty

melehta adj. "mighty" (PE17:115), cf. meletya

melehta

adjective. mighty

An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form ✱✶mbelektā (with [kt] > [ht]). A variant form meletya appears with the 2nd-plural possessive suffix -lda as Meletyalda “your mighty” in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/369), likely from the primitive form ✱✶mbelekya (with [kj] > [tj]). This variant form has a more typical primitive adjective suffix ✶-ya, but is inconsistent with the attested Sindarin cognate S. belaith, so I’d stick with melehta for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Cognates

  • S. belaith “mighty” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

  • MBELEK “mighty, powerful, strong; power as force or strength; great, large” ✧ PE17/115
    • BEL “*strong, [ᴹ√] strong” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
mbelek > melehta[mbelekta] > [melekta] > [melexta]✧ PE17/115
Quenya [PE17/115; WJ/369] Group: Eldamo. Published by

meletya

mighty

#meletya adj. "mighty", isolated from meletyalda adjective with suffix "your mighty" = "your majesty" (see -lda; meletya = *"mighty"). In full Aran Meletyalda "king your mighty" = "your majesty" (WJ:369). Compare melehta.

meletya

adjective. mighty

arata

high, lofty, noble

arata adj. "high, lofty, noble" (PE17:49, 186). Also used as a a noun with nominal pl. form Aratar "the Supreme", the chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369). In one source, Aratar is translated as a singular: "High One" (PE17:186)

Sindarin 

daur

noun. pause, stop

Sindarin [UT/279, UT/285] Group: SINDICT. Published by

daur

noun. league (about 3 miles)

Sindarin [UT/279, UT/285] Group: SINDICT. Published by

daur

noun. Frodo

prop. n. Frodo. >> Perhael

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:102] < _dāra _wise. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

daur

noun. league; †stop, pause

Cognates

  • Q. lár “league; †stop, pause” ✧ UT/279

Derivations

  • ᴹ√DAR “stay, wait, stop, remain”

daur

masculine name. Frodo

A Sindarin name for Frodo, used in the Praises of Cormallen (LotR/953, Let/448). It apparently means “wise” (Tolkien’s gloss is unclear), a derivative from Primitive Elvish ✶dāra (PE17/102). Compare this to Iorhael, a Sindarin translation of the name of Sam’s son Frodo, used in the King’s Letter.

Derivations

  • dāra “wise” ✧ PE17/102

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
dāra > Daur[dāra] > [dǭra] > [daura] > [daur]✧ PE17/102
Sindarin [Let/448; LotR/0953; PE17/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

daer

adjective. great

Sindarin [UT/450, WJ/187, WJ/335, VT/42:11] Group: SINDICT. Published by

daer

adjective. great, large

Derivations

  • daira “large, great” ✧ VT42/11
    • DAY “*great” ✧ VT42/11

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
daira > daer[daira] > [dair] > [daer]✧ VT42/11

Variations

  • Daer ✧ UT/264; WJ/335
  • daer ✧ VT42/11
Sindarin [UT/264; VT42/11; VT42/14; WJ/191; WJ/335; WJ/338] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ar-

prefix. high, noble, royal

Sindarin [S/428] Reduced form of , element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Group: SINDICT. Published by

Ara-

prefix. high, noble, royal

Sindarin [S/428] Reduced form of , element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Group: SINDICT. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

Sindarin [PM/363, VT/41:9] Group: SINDICT. Published by

arod

noble

1b _adj._noble. >> raud

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:49] < _(a)rātā_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

adj. #noble.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] < _arāta_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

d adj. noble. Q. arata. >> raud

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:186] < *_arāta_ < RAT tower up. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

Cognates

  • Q. arata “high, noble, exalted, lofty” ✧ PE17/049; PE17/186
  • T. aráta “noble” ✧ PM/363

Derivations

  • arātā “high, lofty, noble” ✧ PE17/039; PE17/186; PM/363; VT41/09
    • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118; PM/363
    • RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186
  • rāta “lofty, high, noble” ✧ PE17/049
    • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118
    • RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186
  • ARAT “good, excellent, noble” ✧ PE17/147

Element in

  • S. Arodreth “Noble Endurance” ✧ PE17/182
  • S. Arothir “Noble Lord”
  • S. Finrod ✧ VT41/09
  • S. Thinrod “noble member of the Thindrim” ✧ VT41/09

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
arātā > arod[arātā] > [arāta] > [arǭta] > [arauta] > [araut] > [araud] > [arod]✧ PM/363
Sindarin [PE17/039; PE17/049; PE17/147; PE17/182; PE17/186; PM/363; VT41/09] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arth

adjective. (unknown meaning, perhaps (?) noble, lofty, exalted)

Sindarin [Arthedain LotR] Q arta or OS *artʰa, CE *arâtâ. Group: SINDICT. Published by

raud

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. rāta. >> arod, taer

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:186] < RAT tower up. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

taer

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. tāra.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:186] < TAG. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

taer

adjective. lofty, lofty, *high

Cognates

  • Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186; PE17/186

Derivations

  • TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186
  • tagra ✧ PE17/186
    • TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
tagra > taer[taɣra] > [tagra] > [taɣra] > [taira] > [tair] > [taer]✧ PE17/186
Sindarin [PE17/186] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arphen

noun. a noble

Sindarin [WJ/376] ar-+pen. Group: SINDICT. Published by

iorhael

masculine name. Frodo

A Sindarin translation of the name of Sam’s son Frodo appearing in Tolkien’s unpublished epilogue to The Lord of the Rings and in the King’s Letter (SD/126, 129), distinct from Frodo Baggin’s Sindarin name: Daur. The name of Sam’s son appears to be a combination of the prefixal form ior- of iaur “old” and the lenited form of sael “wise”, also seen in the Sindarin translation of the name Samwise (Halfwise): Perhael.

Conceptual Development: In earlier versions of the epilogue the name appeared as N. Iorhail (SD/117), which seems to contain an earlier word N. sail “wise” based on Noldorin phonology: see N. [[n|[ai] revised to [ae]]].

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
iaur“old, old; [N.] ancient, olden”
sael“wise”
Sindarin [AotM/062; SD/126; SD/129; SDI1/Iorhael] Group: Eldamo. Published by

belaith

adjective. mighty

adj. mighty. Q. melehta.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:115] < BEL, MBEL. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

belaith

adjective. mighty

An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form ✱✶mbelektā with the ekt vocalizing to eith and then the ei becoming ai in the final syllable.

Cognates

  • Q. melehta “mighty” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

  • MBELEK “mighty, powerful, strong; power as force or strength; great, large” ✧ PE17/115
    • BEL “*strong, [ᴹ√] strong” ✧ PE17/115

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
mbelek > belaith[mbelektā] > [mbelekta] > [mbelektʰa] > [mbelexθa] > [belexθa] > [beleiθa] > [beleiθ] > [belaiθ]✧ PE17/115
Sindarin [PE17/115] Group: Eldamo. Published by

beleg

adjective. great, mighty

Sindarin [Ety/352, S/428] Group: SINDICT. Published by

beleg

mighty

1) beleg (great), lenited veleg, pl. belig; 2) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

beleg

mighty

(great), lenited veleg, pl. belig

daur

stop

(noun) daur (i dhaur) (pause; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath

daur

stop

(i dhaur) (pause; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath

daur

league

(a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers) daur (i dhaur) (pause, stop), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath

daur

league

(i dhaur) (pause, stop), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath

daur

pause

(noun) 1) daur (i dhaur) (stop; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath. 2) (noun) post (i bost, o phost) (halt, rest, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)

daur

pause

(i dhaur) (stop; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath.

dar

stop

(verb, used intransitively in the LotR), dar- (i dhâr, i nerir) (halt). The imperative daro! is attested.

dar

stop

(i dhâr, i nerir) (halt). The imperative daro! is attested.

daer

great

daer (large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

great

(large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

taur

huge

taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

huge

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

vast

taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

vast

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

lofty

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

tall

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

sublime

taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

sublime

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

mighty

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

masterful

taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

masterful

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

overwhelming

taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

taur

overwhelming

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

ar

noble

(adjectival prefix) ar- (high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

ar

noble

(high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

#dae

great

#dae (lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".

arn

noble

(adjective) 1) arn (royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic *araud), pl. aroed. 2) brand (high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind; 3) raud (eminent, high), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

arn

noble

(royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic ✱araud), pl. aroed.

dae

great

(lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".

arth

lofty

1) arth (noble, exalted), pl. erth, 2) brand (high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 3) orchall (superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

arth

lofty

(noble, exalted), pl. erth

gaer

awful

1) gaer (dreadful, fearful; holy); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea". 2) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

gaer

awful

(dreadful, fearful; holy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".

raud

noble

(eminent, high), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed.  4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

raud

tall

(eminent, noble), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”.

arwen

noble woman

(pl. erwin).****

dilia

stop up

(i dhilia, i niliar), pa.t. diliant (VT45:9).

post

pause

(i bost, o phost) (halt, rest, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)

t

awful

aur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

arphen

noble

(noun, "a noble") 1) arphen, pl. erphin; 2) raud (eminent man, champion), pl.roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.

arphen

noble

pl. erphin

duinen

high tide

(i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).

andrath

high pass

(literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.

gondrath

highway

(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.

or

high

(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

or

high

(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:

brand

tall

(lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind.

hall

tall

(exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.

telu

high roof

(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).

beleg

great

beleg (mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig

beleg

great

(mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig

brand

lofty

(high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

brand

noble

(high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

nuitha

stop short

(i nuitha, in nuithar) (prevent from coming to completion; stunt; not allow to continue) (WJ:413).

orchall

lofty

(superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

Telerin 

aráta

adjective. noble

Cognates

  • S. arod “noble” ✧ PM/363

Derivations

  • arātā “high, lofty, noble” ✧ PM/363
    • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118; PM/363
    • RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186

Element in

Variations

  • arāta ✧ PM/363

Khuzdûl

gabil Reconstructed

adjective. great

Element in

Primitive elvish

tāra

adjective. high

Derivations

  • TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble”

Element in

Variations

  • tār(a) ✧ PE17/186
Primitive elvish [PE17/067; PE17/186] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tā/taʒ

root. high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble

This root and ones like it were used for “high” things for much of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as unglossed ᴱ√TAHA in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. “high; high above, high up”, ᴱQ. tahōra or tayóra “lofty”, and ᴱQ. tāri “queen”; it had a variant form ᴱ√TAʕA where the ʕ might be a malformed Y (QL/87). The corresponding forms in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon were G. “high” and G. dara “lofty” (GL/29), indicating the true form of the root was ᴱ√DAHA, since initial voiced stops were unvoiced (d- > t-) in Early Qenya (PE12/17). Primitive forms like ᴱ✶dagá > ᴱN. /ᴱQ. “high” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s indicates the root continued to begin with D for the following decade (PE13/141, 161).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave this root as ᴹ√TĀ/TAƷ “high, lofty; noble” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tára “lofty, high”, ᴹQ. tári “queen” and N. taen “height, summit of high mountain” (Ety/TĀ). In Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 Tolkien gave the root as √TAG or Tā- “high”, and in notes from around 1967 Tolkien gave √TAƷ as the explanation of the initial element of Q. Taniquetil and contrasted it with √TĂR “stand” (PE17/186). In 1970 green-ink revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2), Tolkien wrote a marginal note giving √TAƷ > “high”, but this note was rejected with a statement “transfer to Gen. Structure. No [ʒ] existed in Eldarin” (PE19/72-73 note #22).

This last rejection seems to be part of Tolkien’s general vacillation on the nature and phonetic evolution of velar spirants in Primitive Elvish in 1968-70. For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume the root form was √TAH or √TAƷ > √ as the basis for “high” words, much like √MAH or √MAƷ > ✶ was the basis for “hand” words.

Derivatives

  • tagra ✧ PE17/186
    • Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186
    • S. taer “lofty, lofty, *high” ✧ PE17/186
  • tāra “high”
  • Q. -tar “honorific”
  • Q. tar “honorific, sir, madam”
  • Q. tar- “high, high; [ᴹQ.] king or queen (in compounds)”
  • Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186
  • S. taer “lofty, lofty, *high” ✧ PE17/186

Variations

  • TAG/Tā- ✧ PE17/186
  • TAƷ ✧ PE17/186; PE17/186; PE19/073 (TAƷ)
  • ✧ PE19/073 ()
Primitive elvish [PE17/186; PE19/073] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

daur

adjective. great, large

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶daʒrā “great, large” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
    • ᴹ√DAƷ “great” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶daʒrā > daur[daɣrā] > [dārā] > [dāra] > [dǭra] > [doura] > [daura] > [daur]✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
Noldorin [EtyAC/DAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taur

adjective. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime

Noldorin [Ety/395] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dilia-

verb. to stop up

Noldorin [Ety/354, VT/45:9] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brand

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

Noldorin [Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brand

adjective. high (in size)

Noldorin [Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brann

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

Noldorin [Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brann

adjective. high (in size)

Noldorin [Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

iorhail

masculine name. Frodo

Changes

  • IorhailIorhael “Frodo” ✧ SD/126
  • IorhailIorhael “Frodo” ✧ SDI1/Iorhael

Elements

WordGloss
iaur“ancient, old(en)”
sail“wise”
Noldorin [SD/117; SDI1/Iorhael] Group: Eldamo. Published by

post

noun. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite

Noldorin [Ety/382] Group: SINDICT. Published by

beleg

adjective. great, large

Cognates

  • Ilk. Beleg “Strong” ✧ Ety/BEL
  • ᴹT. belka “excessive” ✧ Ety/BEL

Derivations

  • On. beleka “mighty, huge, great” ✧ Ety/BEL
    • ᴹ✶bélekā “mighty, huge, great” ✧ Ety/BEL
    • ᴹ√BEL “strong” ✧ Ety/BEL

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. beleka > beleg[beleka] > [belek] > [beleg]✧ Ety/BEL
Noldorin [Ety/BEL; PE22/031] Group: Eldamo. Published by

beleg

adjective. great, mighty

Noldorin [Ety/352, S/428] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Westron

maura

masculine name. Frodo

Changes

  • MaurōMaura ✧ PM/050

Variations

  • Maurō ✧ PM/059 (Maurō)
Westron [PM/050; PM/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

taura

adjective. mighty

Cognates

  • N. taur “vast, mighty, overwhelming, awful, huge; high, sublime” ✧ Ety/TUR

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶taurā “masterful, mighty” ✧ Ety/TUR
    • ᴹ√TUR “power, control, mastery, victory” ✧ Ety/TĀ; Ety/TÁWAR; Ety/TUR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶taurā > taura[taurā] > [taura]✧ Ety/TUR

-on

suffix. great

Element in

  • ᴹQ. andon “great gate, great gate, [ᴱQ.] door, gate” ✧ Ety/AD

Old Noldorin 

tōra

adjective. lofty

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. tára “lofty, high” ✧ Ety/TĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶tārā “lofty” ✧ Ety/TĀ
    • ᴹ√TĀ/TAƷ “high, lofty; noble” ✧ Ety/AYAK; Ety/TĀ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶tārā > tōra[tārā] > [tāra] > [tǭra]✧ Ety/TĀ

Variations

  • tára ✧ EtyAC/TĀ
Old Noldorin [Ety/TĀ; EtyAC/TĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

daʒrā

adjective. great, large

Derivations

  • ᴹ√DAƷ “great” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ

Derivatives

  • N. daur “great, large” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/DAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

daʒ

root. great

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶daʒrā “great, large” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
    • N. daur “great, large” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
  • ᴹQ. lai “very” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
  • N. dae “very” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/DAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tārā

adjective. lofty

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TĀ/TAƷ “high, lofty; noble” ✧ Ety/AYAK; Ety/TĀ

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. tar- “high; king or queen (in compounds)” ✧ EtyAC/TĀ
  • ᴹQ. tára “lofty, high” ✧ Ety/TĀ; Ety/TÁWAR
  • On. tōra “lofty” ✧ Ety/TĀ

Element in

Variations

  • tāra ✧ Ety/AYAK; Ety/KHIL
  • Tára ✧ Ety/NIK-W
  • tára ✧ EtyAC/AYAK
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AYAK; Ety/KHIL; Ety/NIK-W; Ety/TĀ; Ety/TÁWAR; EtyAC/AYAK; EtyAC/TĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tap

root. stop

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “stop” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tampa “stopper” and ᴹQ. tape “he stops, blocks” (Ety/TAP; EtyAC/TAP). The word Q. tapta “impeded” from notes associated with the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 was probably related (VT39/17), indicating the root’s ongoing validity.

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. tampa “stopper” ✧ Ety/TAP
  • ᴹQ. tap- “to stop, block” ✧ Ety/TAP
  • Q. tapta “impeded”
  • ᴺS. tab- “to stop, block, close”
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TAP] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

dara

adjective. lofty

Cognates

  • Eq. tára “lofty, high, tall” ✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári

Derivations

  • ᴱ√DAHA “*high” ✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári

Element in

  • G. daroth “summit, peak” ✧ GL/29; LT1A/Qalmë-Tári
Gnomish [GL/29; LT1A/Qalmë-Tári] Group: Eldamo. Published by

annuir

adjective. lofty

adjective. high

Cognates

  • Eq. “high; high above, high up” ✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári

Derivations

  • ᴱ√DAHA “*high” ✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári; LT1A/Taniquetil
  • ᴱ✶dagá ✧ PE13/112; PE13/112
    • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√TAHA > [daxā] > [daxa] > [dā]✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári
ᴱ✶daga- > da[dagā] > [daga] > [daɣa] > [dā]✧ PE13/112
ᴱ✶dagain > dagīn > dain[dagain] > [dagīn] > [daɣīn] > [dain]✧ PE13/112

Variations

  • da ✧ PE13/112
Gnomish [GL/29; LT1A/Qalmë-Tári; LT1A/Taniquetil; PE13/112] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mandra

adjective. noble

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MANA “*good (moral)”
Gnomish [GL/56; LT1A/Mánir] Group: Eldamo. Published by

baldrin

adjective. mighty

polodrin

adjective. mighty

A word appearing as G. polodrin “mighty” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjective form of G. polod “power, might, authority” (GL/64). It had an archaic variant {poldurin >>} †polurin or polorin which was sometimes used as a sobriquet for Tulcus.

Neo-Sindarin: Since ᴹ√POL(OD) still had to do with “strength” in Tolkien’s later writings, I’d adapt this word as ᴺS. polodhren “mighty, ✱powerful” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin using the later Sindarin adjective -ren. Given the meanings of its base noun (including authority), I’d assume this adjective has a connotation of political power. I’d constrast it with S. belaith which I’d use for “mighty” in general (independent of authority).

Changes

  • poldurinpolurin ✧ GL/64

Cognates

  • Eq. poldórea “muscular, powerful” ✧ GL/64

Variations

  • polurin ✧ GL/64 (polurin)
  • polorin ✧ GL/64 (polorin)
  • poldurin ✧ GL/64 (poldurin)
Gnomish [GL/64; LT1A/Poldórëa] Group: Eldamo. Published by

annor(in)

adjective. lofty

Changes

  • andorannor ✧ GL/19

Derivations

Variations

  • annor ✧ GL/19
  • annorin ✧ GL/19
  • andor ✧ GL/19 (andor)
  • annuir ✧ PE13/110
Gnomish [GL/19; PE13/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Ilkorin

tak

adjective. high

tök

adjective. high

Cognates

  • En. “high” ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶dagá ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161
    • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”

Variations

  • ta[k] ✧ PE13/141
Early Ilkorin [PE13/141; PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

adjective. high

Changes

  • da ✧ PE13/141

Cognates

  • Eilk. tök “high” ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161
  • Eq. “high; high above, high up” ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161
  • Et. daga “high” ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶dagá ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161
    • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”

Variations

  • ✧ PE13/141
  • da ✧ PE13/141 (da)
Early Noldorin [PE13/141; PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Solosimpi

daga

adjective. high

Cognates

  • En. “high” ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶dagá ✧ PE13/141; PE13/161
    • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”
Solosimpi [PE13/141; PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

orda

adjective. lofty

túrea

adjective. mighty

Variations

  • tūrea ✧ QL/095 (tūrea)
Early Quenya [QL/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tahóra

adjective. lofty

Changes

  • dahóratahóra “lofty” ✧ PE12/021

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶taχsođa “seated high” ✧ PE12/021
    • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”
  • ᴱ√DAHA “*high” ✧ QL/087

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶taχ-sṓđā́ > tahóra[taxsōðā] > [taxsōða] > [taxsōza] > [taxsōra] > [tahōra]✧ PE12/021
ᴱ√TAHA > tahōra[taxsōðā] > [taxsōða] > [taxsōza] > [taxsōra] > [tahōra]✧ QL/087

Variations

  • dahóra ✧ PE12/021 (dahóra)
  • tahōra ✧ PME/088; QL/087 (tahōra)
  • tayóra ✧ QL/087
Early Quenya [PE12/021; PME/088; QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orwa

adjective. lofty

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ORO “steepness, rising” ✧ QL/070

Element in

  • Eq. ordie “height, loftiness” ✧ QL/070

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ORO¹ > orwa[orwā] > [orwa]✧ QL/070

Variations

  • orda ✧ QL/070
Early Quenya [QL/070] Group: Eldamo. Published by

velike

adjective. great, large

Cognates

  • G. beleg “mighty, great” ✧ GL/22; LT1A/Haloisi Velikë

Derivations

Element in

Variations

  • velikë ✧ LT1A/Haloisi Velikë
Early Quenya [GL/22; LT1A/Haloisi Velikë; PE16/137; QL/100] Group: Eldamo. Published by