ta

pronoun. they; 3rd pl. neut. pronoun

ta

preposition. on, above; by, beside; than

ta

pronoun. that (there)

tamar

masculine name. Tamar

Another name for Aule, alongside variant Tamildo, appearing in the Qenya Lexicon and the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/88; PME/88), derived from the root ᴱ√TAMA “smelt, forge”.

tarkil

feminine name. Tarkil

Another name for Meásse in an early name list (PE14/15). The editors (Wynne, Gilson, Hostetter, Welden, Smith), suggested it might be derived from the root TARA “batter, thud, beat” (PE14/15; footnote #21).

tauler

collective name. Tauler

Name for the people of Penlod in an early name list (PE13/104), apparently the plural of taule “pillar”.

taimósi

proper name. Taimósi

tapatenda

adjective. taper fingered, light fingered, long fingered

taina

adjective. taina

tauren linqarassean

tauren linqarassean

tauren lintyulussean

tauren lintyulussean

taxóra

place name. a mountain name

A mountain name appearing only in early linguistic notes from 1910s (PE12/21), its primitive form taχsođa is translated as “seated high”.

talainen tinwelindon

with wings like stars

The fourth phrase of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/220). The first word is the instrumental form talainen of the noun tala “sail”, followed by the adverbial plural form tinwelindon of the noun tinwe “star”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> tala-inen tinwe-li-ndon = “✱sail-with star-(plural)-like”

Conceptual Development: This phrase did not appear until the fourth draft of the poem (OM1d: PE16/62); earlier drafts used the unrelated phrase kirilde tinwelinqe (OM1a-c: PE16/56-7, 60). In the revised phrase, Tolkien first used alainen, the instrumental of otherwise-unattested ala “wing”. He changed it to tala in the sixth draft, and the associated Glossary Commentary made its meaning “sail” clear (OM1f: PE16/74-5). Tolkien did not alter the translation of the entire phrase, in which the word “wing” was presumably poetic license.

taulir

collective name. mountainous-giants

A name for mountain giants in early name lists (PE13/99; PE14/9). The etymology of this name is unclear.

tanya

adjective. that

tanda

adjective. *that

talalínen tinwelindon?

*upon wings like stars?

tapa-

verb. to taper, stretch out (intr.), extend thin

tatya-

verb. to feel for (like tentacles etc.)

tahorme

noun. mountain

taorme

noun. mountain

tayorme

noun. mountain peak

tarwa

noun. garden, enclosure

A word appearing as ᴱQ. tarwa “garden, enclosure” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TAÐA (QL/87). The Qenya Phonology from this period had [unglossed] tarva, the form in the Cortirion dialect where rw > rv (PE12/24). The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. tarwa as a cognate to G. taru “horned” but both these words were deleted (GL/69).

Neo-Quenya: I personally would retain ᴺQ. tarwa “garden, enclosure” for purposes of Neo-Quenya based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√TAD “enclosure”. For example, Helge Fauskanger used this word in his NQNT (NQNT). If, however, you find it dubious you might instead use the neologism ᴺQ. santa for “garden”, inspired by S. sant from the late 1960s (VT42/20).

taime

noun. sky

A word for “the sky” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with variants Taime and Taimie from the early root ᴱ√TAHA [DAHA] (QL/87). ᴱQ. tea “sky” from Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s is probably related, as suggested by Patrick Wynne and Christopher Gilson (PE16/142).

tavas

noun. woodland

A noun given as ᴱQ. tavas (tavast-) “woodland” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with longer variant tavasta, derived from the root ᴱ√TAVA “beam” (QL/90).

Neo-Quenya: I think ᴺQ. tavas remains viable for purposes of Neo-Quenya as a derivative of √TAW “wood”.

taimavar

masculine name. Shepherd of the Sky

Older name for Taimordo appearing in the Qenya and Gnomish Lexicons from the 1910s (QL/62, 88; GL/29, 58), a compound of taime “sky” and mavar(do) “shepherd”.

taimordo

proper name. *Sky-warrior

Another name for the constellation Telimektar appearing in the Qenya and Gnomish Lexicons from the 1910s (QL/62, 88; GL/29, 58), a compound of taime “sky” and mordo “warrior”.

tan(y)a

noun. fire

An element meaning “fire” in some early names: tanya in ᴱQ. Tanyasalpe (LT1/187), tana in ᴱQ. Tana Qentima equivalent of G. Tôn a Gwedrin “Tale-fire” (PE15/7; LT2/197), and possibly also in ᴱQ. Fatanyu “Hell” (GL/51). Tan(y)a is likely a derivative of the early root ᴱ√tan- (GL/69, 71).

tanyasalpe

proper name. Bowl of Fire

Pool where the ship of the sun rested at night (LT1/187), a compound of tan(y)a “fire” and salpa “bowl” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Tanyasalpë).

tarukko

noun. bull, ox

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bull” with variants tarukko and tarunko, an elaboration of ᴱQ. taru “horn” (QL/89). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, taruku- was given as the Qenya cognate of G. tarog “ox” (GL/69).

taruktarna

place name. Oxford

A Qenya name for Oxford appear in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s as a combination of tarukko “ox” and tarna “ford” (QL/89).

taurosse

place name. Haywood

Qenya cognate of G. Tavrost or Tavrobel in early name lists (LT2/292), likely derived from ᴱ√TAVA having to do with forests, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Tavari).

taimoinen

proper name. Wednesday

Name of Wednesday in the seven-day week of the Elves (otsola) in an early word list (PE14/21). The day was related to the heavens and was probably derived from taime “sky”.

taitelon

place name. Vault of Heaven

Qenya cognate for name for ᴱN. Daideloth in a Noldorin word list from the 1920s (PE13/141), perhaps a combination of taime “sky” and a variant form of telin “roof”.

taitelúme

noun. firmament

An unglossed word in a draft of the Oilima Markirya poem from around 1930 given as taiteluume- “firmanent” (PE16/77), probably a combination of some derivative of ᴱ√TAHA “✱high” and ᴱQ. telume “firmanent, heavens”, as suggested by Gilson, Welden and Hostetter (PE16/79).

taitelúmen san tollanta ranka naiko lunganár

*the firmament then leans sickly on broken hill[s]

The ninth phrase (lines 17-18) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is the nominative form of the subject noun taitelúme “firmament” followed by the adverb san “then” and the allative form of the noun tolla “hill” (singular in contrast to the English translations). The next words are the adjective ranka modifying “hill” and the adverb naiko which probably modifies the verb, which is the aorist 3rd-singular masculine form of lunga(na)- “to lean”.

This phrase corresponds to the lines of the English translations of the poem LA2a-LA2b (PE16/68-9): “the heavens lean on crumbling hills”. It also resembles the sixteenth line in the first English translation LA1a (PE16/67): “Heaven leaned upon the hills”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> taitelúme-n san tolla-nta ranka naiko lunganá-r = “✱firmament-(nominative) then hill-on broken sickly leaned-he”

tala(no)ite

adjective. footed

An adjective appearing as talaite or talanoite “footed” in the Qenya Lexicon, an elaboration of ᴱQ. tala “foot” (QL/88).

Neo-Quenya: Since -itë remains an adjective suffix in Tolkien’s later conception of the language, I think ᴺQ. talaitë “footed” can be retained for purposes of Neo-Quenya, analogous to Q. maitë “handed”.

talar

noun. beast of burden

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “beast of burden” derived from the early root ᴱ√TALA “support” (QL/88).

talat

noun. dry land

A noun for “dry land” appearing in Early Qenya Word-lists from the 1920s, possibly a derivative of the root ᴱ√TALA “support” from the 1910s, as suggested by Wynne and Gilson (PE16/138). For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I think it is better to use the later term Q. nór.

tampo

noun. well

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱQ. tampo “a well”, derived from the root ᴱ√TṂPṂ “build”; Tolkien considered transferring the word to ᴱ√TAPA “✱stretch” (QL/93). This word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/93).

Neo-Quenya: I think ᴺQ. tampo “well” might be salvaged in Neo-Quenya as a derivative of √TAM “construct”; it is used this way in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

tamuril

noun. yew

A word appearing as ᴱQ. tamuril “yew” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, but in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa it was tamarin “yew” (QL/84; PME/84). The etymological basis for either word is unclear.

Neo-Quenya: I would retain ᴺQ. tamuril “yew” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, since there are no later alteratives.

tantl

noun. shuttle

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. tantl “shuttle” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TṆTṆ with derivatives having to do with “bouncing” (QL/93).

Neo-Quenya: I adapt this early root as ᴺ√TANTA “bounce”, and as would therefore update the Early Qenya word to ᴺQ. tantal “shuttle”. This does conflict somewhat with late 1960s tant(il)a “harp”, but I prefer 1930s ᴹQ. nande for “harp” words.

tarambolaika

proper name. Thudder-sharp

Qenya cognate of Dramborleg in early name lists (PE13/103; PE15/22), it also appeared in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/89). It is a compound of tarambor “buffet” and laika “sharp”, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT2A/Dramborleg).

taran

noun. bang, buffet

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. taran (taramb-) or tarambo “a bang, buffet” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root given as ᴱ√TARA(MA) “batter, thud, beat”, but actually ᴱ√DARA(MA) based on its Gnomish forms (QL/89); in Early Qenya, primitive initial d became t (PE12/17).

Neo-Quenya: The root ᴹ√DARAM “beat, hew” survived into The Etymologies of the 1930s, so ᴱQ. tarambo (< ✱darambō) may be salvageable in Neo-Quenya. In later Quenya phonology, initial primitive d usually became l, but I think in this case it would assimilate as n to the following nasal, aided by the similar root ᴹ√(N)DAM “hammer, beat”, so I would suggest ᴺQ. narambo “bang, buffet”.

tarqin(a)

noun/adjective. salted, dried; salt meat

A word appearing as ᴱQ. tarqin or tarqina “adj. salted, dried; (n.) salt meat” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. tarqa- “dry, preserve; pickle” under the early root ᴱ√TṚQṚ (QL/94). As such, it was probably originally an adjective, and its noun use for “salt meat” was based on that (= “✱preserves”).

Neo-Quenya: I’d retain ᴺQ. tarquin(a) “salt meat; salted, dried, ✱(orig.) preserved” for purposes of Neo-Quenya based the Neo-Root ᴺ√TARKWA.

taurelasselindon

like leaves of forests

The fourteenth phrase of the Oilima Markirya poem (second version) (MC/213), and the tenth phrase of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/220). It is a compound word, a combination of taure “forest” and the adverbial plural form of lasse “leaf”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> taure-lasse-li-ndon = “✱forest-leaf-(plural)-like”

Conceptual Development: This phrase first appeared in the fourth draft of the first version of this poem (OM1d: PE16/62) and remained the same thereafter.

tarukka

adjective. horned

A word for “horned” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. taru “horn” (QL/57, 89). It was also mentioned in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/57).

tambin

noun. cauldron

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. tambin (tambind-) in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s somewhat cryptically glossed “a copper or cauldron”, derived from the early root ᴱ√TAMA “beat; smelt, forge” (QL/88). It also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the same period, with the more straightforward gloss “cauldron” (PME/88).

Neo-Quenya: The root √TAM appeared in Tolkien’s later writing in connection to craft words, so I would retain this word as ᴺQ. tambin “cauldron” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

tapatenda mavoisi

noun. Spanish [chestnut]

A variant of ᴱQ. mavoisi “chestnut” that Tolkien labeled “Spanish”, so presumably a “Spanish chestnut” (QL/57). It is a combination of ᴱQ. tapatenda “long fingered” and ᴱQ. mavoisi “chestnut”, likely referring to the long and narrow leaves of that variant.

taule

noun. great tree

tauno

noun. (great) forest

tavar

noun. dale-sprite, fay of the woods; forest

ta-

prefix. *their; 3rd pl. neut. possessive

tahóra

adjective. lofty

talqe

noun. glass

talta

adjective. shaky, wobbling, tottering; sloping, slanting

tanda

noun. hedge, fence, enclosure; border, rim

tanga-

verb. to beat

tange

adverb. close to, by

tange

adjective. close, near

tanka

noun. fastening, rivet

tanka

adjective. firm, fixed, fast; steady, (stead)fast

tanta

noun. number

tanta-

verb. to dance (tr.), dandle, wave

tanta-

verb. to bounce, bound, rebound

tar

noun. hedge, fence

tarasse

noun. hawthorn

tasinwa

adjective. numbered

tasta-

verb. to reckon

tala

noun. foot; bottom, lowest part

talas

noun. sole

talka marda

masculine name. Smith of the World

taltelepta

feminine name. Silver Feet

taniqetil

place name. Lofty Snowcap

tara-

verb. to cross, go athwart, cross rivers

tarna

noun. passage, ford, crossing

tarnon

noun. door

taru

noun. horn

tasarin

noun. willow

tasarinan

place name. Land of Willows

taila

noun. (axe) blade

taka-

verb. to fix, fasten

tal-

noun. to end

tala

noun. sail

tala-

verb. to carry, bring; to weigh (intr.)

talakúme

noun. huge burden, pile

talan

noun. burden

talanda

adjective. burdened, weighed down, sad

talante

noun. scales

talda

adjective. covered

talka

adjective. heavy

talka

noun. smith

talma

noun. end

talma

noun. weight, measure

talme

noun. weight (abst.)

talpa

noun. support, prop, base, basis, pediment (column)

talta-

verb. to lade, burden, load charge; to enjoin; to oppress, weigh down

tambe

noun. copper, bronze

tambina

adjective. of copper

tamilla

noun. forge

tamin

noun. forge

tamíne

noun. today

tande

adverb. thither

tanko

adverb. firmly

tanta(ra)

adjective. bouncing, resilient

tantare

noun. dance

tantila-

verb. to hop

tantilta-

verb. [unglossed]

tantya-

verb. to set bouncing

tanya wende nieninqea

that maiden like a snowdrop

taqa-

verb. to build, fashion, construct, make

tarka

noun. root

tarqa-

verb. to dry, preserve; to pickle

tarwa

adjective. tired

tarwe

noun. cross, crucifix

tas

noun. nail

taste

noun. fringe

taule

noun. pillar

tauma

noun. basis, foundation, ground floor

taure

noun. forest

taurelasselindon

with noise like leaves of forests

tea

adjective. straight

toa

noun. wool

tá

interjection. hush, be silent

tá

adverb/adjective. high; high above, high up

taimie

noun. sky

taiva

adjective. *their; 3rd pl. neut. possessive emphatic

tak-

verb. to fix, fasten

takse

noun. nail

talanya

adjective. burdened, weighed down, sad

talarin

adjective. [unglossed]

talku-

verb. to glaze

talqea

adjective. glassy

talqina

adjective. made of glass

tamarin

noun. yew

tarambo

noun. bang, buffet

tarkele

noun. great system of roots

tarq-

verb. *to dry, preserve; to pickle

tartan

noun. hammer

taruku

noun. ox

tarunko

noun. bull

tarva

noun. garden, enclosure

tarva

adjective. tired

tarwesta-

verb. to crucify

tassarin

noun. willow

tatto

noun. father

taurie

noun. forest

tavasta

noun. woodland

tayóra

adjective. *lofty

tea

noun. sky

palukta

noun. table

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. palukta “table” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PALA having to do with flat things (QL/71).

Neo-Quenya: Since √PAL was still associated with flat things in Tolkien’s later writing ([ᴹQ.] palar “flat field”, Q. palta “flat of the hand”), I would retain this word for purposes of Neo-Quenya in a slightly modified form: ᴺQ. paluhta “table”.

masta-

verb. to tarry, linger

nyata-

verb. to talk idly

pata-

verb. to rap, tap (of feet)

tyastava-

verb. to taste (at)

tyavasta

noun. sense of taste

tára·kasse taniqetildo, tára·kasisse hu·sórie

on the high top of Taniqetil, on the high peaks he sat

táta

noun. hat

A word appearing as ᴱQ. tâta in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as a cognate of G. tôd “hat” (GL/71).

moritarnon

proper name. Door of Night

Gateway to the outer void in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/222). Its initial element is móre “night” and its final element appears to be tarnon “door”, an otherwise unattested cognate of tarn “door”, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Moritarnon).

andonavestan

proper name. Gates of Summer

Qenya name for ᴱN. Ennyn Awest in Noldorin word lists from the 1920s (PE13/143, 160). It is a compound of andon “gate” and the genitive avestan of avesta “summer”.

lotarwa

noun. garden

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “garden” based on lōtetarwa, a combination of ᴱQ. lóte “flower” and ᴱQ. tarwa “garden” (QL/55).

Neo-Quenya: Since Q. lótë “flower” survives in Tolkien’s later writing and I retain ᴺQ. tarwa for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would retain ᴺQ. lotarwa as well, but with the more specific sense “[flower] garden”.

lantanwa

adjective. [unglossed]

posta

noun. door

sorta-

verb. to sit down

atar

noun. father

(or)tande

adverb. above (of motion upwards)

artan

noun. hammer

atta

pronoun. they (emphatic); 3rd sg. neut. pronoun

attalaite

adjective. biped

attalin

noun. biped

lahta-

verb. ‽

lapta-

verb. ?to relax, loosen

oronta

adjective. steep

orta

preposition. above

panta-

verb. to beat

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

tálin paptalasselindeën

with feet like the music of falling leaves

atta

preposition. above

entan

adverb. then

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

lalta

noun. dance

nehta

noun. hawthorn

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

tana qentima

proper name. Tale-fire

Qenya cognate of G. Tôn a Gwedrin in an early name list (PE15/7), a combination of tan(y)a “fire” and otherwise unattested qentima “tale”.

moile

noun. tarn

A word appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as a cognate for G. muil “tarn” (GL/58). Its etymology is unclear.

pint

noun. tail

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. pint (pimp-) “tail” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√PIPI “hang, trail” (QL/74).

Neo-Quenya: Helge Fauskanger adopted this word as ᴺQ. pimpë “tail” in his NQNT (NQNT), and I agree with this adaptation, since in later Quenya it was less likely final vowels were lost in disyllables. I would assume a stem form of pimpi- however.

sarno

noun. table

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. {sarne >>} sarno “table” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SARA having to do with sawing and sawed things like planks (QL/82). The contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa also had sarno “table” (PME/82).

fatsevoite

adjective. tasseled

An adjective appearing as ᴱQ. fatsevoite “tasseled” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of ᴱQ. fas (fats-) “tassel” and the suffix ᴱQ. -voite (QL/37).

Neo-Quenya: A later iteration of ᴹQ. fas “fringe, border” had a stem form fass- (PE21/19), and the adjective suffix was generally -itë in Tolkien’s later writing. I would therefore adapt this word as ᴺQ. fassitë “tasseled” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

fas

noun. tassel

nyar

noun. tale, saying

nyara

noun. tale

tirin

noun. tall tower, turret, minaret

tulwe

noun. tall thin pillar, standard, pole; banner

tyulin

adjective. tall

fatse

noun. tassel

sildapinqe

adjective. tapering

torme

noun. mountain (peak)

A word glossed “mountain peak” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants (probably ancient forms) tayorme, tahorme, taorme, given as a derivative of ᴱ√TAHA (QL/87). It appeared as tahorme, taorme, torme “mountain” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/86).

pimpilin

noun. hanging tail, tassel

A word appearing as ᴱQ. pimpilin (pimpilind-) “hanging tail, tassel” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. pint (pimp-) “tail” (QL/74). The meaning of the second element is unclear: its form resembles ᴱQ. lin(d-) “musical voice, tune” (QL/54) but that meaning doesn’t fit. The second element might instead be a variant of ᴱQ. lint (linty-) “fluff, down, soft stuff” (QL/54).

Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. pimpë for “tail”, I’d retain ᴺQ. pimpilin for “tassel, hanging tail” without being overly concerned about the meaning of its second element.

qasilla

noun. tuft, nodding spray, tassel, plume

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “tuft, nodding spray, tassel, plume” under the early root ᴱ√QASA (QL/76).

sult

noun. sip, taste

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. sult (sulp-) “a sip, taste” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SḶPḶ (QL/84).

Neo-Quenya: I’d adapt this noun as ᴺQ. salpë “sip” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, from the later form of the root: ᴹ√SALAP (Ety/SÁLAP).

ne

conjunction. that

sanda

adjective. that

santo

pronoun. that

tára

adjective. lofty, high, tall

salpa-

verb. to take a sup of, sample, sip

sulp-

verb. to lick, sup, lick up, sup up; to sip, taste; to drink

aiqa

adjective. steep, tall; high, lofty, sublime; chief

lep-

verb. to take

mapa-

verb. to seize, take; to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly

nasa-

verb. to mislike, taste nasty (impers.); to dislike

qentima

noun. *tale

qet-

verb. to speak, talk

qetl

noun. speech, talk

toko-

verb. to feel with the hand, handle; to appraise, tax, assess, assay; to try, test, essay, endeavour

tontl

noun. cymbal, tambourine

tuvu-

verb. to receive, accept, take, require, cost

tyava-

verb. to taste; (impersonal) to taste of, reminds one of

ankasse(a)

adjective. lofty, tall, (lit.) up-headed, high-headed

hyá-

verb. to stand

map-

verb. to seize, take

mara-

verb. to tarry, linger

pinqisil(da)

adjective. (slender and) tapering

tyav-

verb. *to taste

aldare

noun. wood

A word glossed “wood” in the margins of Tolkien’s notes on The Creatures of the Earth from the 1910s, clearly an elaboration ᴱQ. alda “tree” as suggested by Patrick Wynne and Christopher Gilson (PE14/7).

aule

adjective. shaggy

An adjective in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “shaggy” derived from the early root ᴱ√OWO that was the basis of “wool” words (QL/71).

fantóran

proper name. Wednesday

Name of the first Wednesday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the god-name Fantur and sana “day”.

koirisan

proper name. Wednesday

Alternate name of the second Wednesday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of koire “life” and sana “day”.

matsile

noun. bear

A word appearing only as an element in the name ᴱQ. Oromatsile “Great Bear” from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/149). It was a cognate of ᴱN. magli “bear” = “honey-eater”, and hence composed of the same elements: ᴱQ. mata- “eat” and ᴱQ. ile “honey”, where the s appeared because ti became tsi in Early Qenya, so that matile > matsile.

málos

noun. forest

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s given as the cognate of G. goloth “forest”, derived from primitive ᴱ✶ŋgua-aloþ- (GL/41). This is likely a combination of ᴱ✶ŋu̯a “together” and some elaboration of the root ᴱ√ALA “spread”, the basis of “tree” words, so probably originally “✱together spread(ing)” or something to that effect.

pelek

masculine name. Axe

Qenya cognate of G. Peleg appearing on an early name list (PE13/103), perhaps a reduced form of pelekko “axe”.

tilt-

verb. to make slope, incline (tr.), decline, shake at foundations, make totter

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “make slope, incline (tr.), decline, shake at foundations, make totter, etc.” derived from the root ᴱ√TḶTḶ (QL/80). Its past tense form talte is the result of differing phonetic developments for long ḹ vs. short ḷ in Early Qenya.

turwa

adjective. powerful

An adjective for “powerful” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TURU “am strong” (QL/96).

Neo-Quenya: Since √TUR remains connected to power in Tolkien’s later writings, I’d retain this word for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but I’d use it for general or abstract forms of potency, as opposed to being physically powerful (turca or [ᴹQ.] poldórea) or politically powerful (túrëa). For example: turwa nus “a powerful smell” or turwa vangwe “a powerful storm”.

turúva

adjective. wooden

An adjective for “wooden” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the root ᴱ√TUŘU [TUÐU], also with a variant form turuksa (QL/96). It also appeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/139).

uswevanda

place name. Way of Escape

Qenya cognate of G. Bad Uthwen in early name lists (PE13/102, 103, 105), first appearing as (rejected) Van Uswea. It is a combination of uswe “escape” and van “way”.

vanasan

proper name. Wednesday

Name of the second Wednesday in the Valinorean fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the goddess Vána and sana “day”.

velka

noun. flame

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a flame” derived from the early root ᴱ√(M)BELEKE (GL/22).

yak(k)o

noun. ox

A noun for “ox” appearing in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants yakko and yako, derived from the early root ᴱ√Ẏak “a head of cattle” (QL/105). In the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa Tolkien had yakk- “ox” (PME/105). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, the word for “ox” was also yakko (PE16/132).

lailekse

noun. willow

A word for a “willow” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, appearing beside the more usual “willow” word ᴱQ. tassarin (PE16/139). There is no sign of lailekse outside of this 1920s document.

móle

noun. root

A word for “root” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/139). See ᴹQ. sulka and Q. sundo for a discussion of other words meaning “root”.

tirin

place name. Tower

Name of Ingil’s tower in the earliest Lost Tales (LT2/5), it is simply tirin “tower” used as a name (LT1A/Kortirion).

tolpo

noun. bowl

A word appearing as ᴱQ. tolpo “bowl” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/142). The Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s instead had ᴱQ. salpa “bowl” derived the early root ᴱ√SḶPḶ (QL/84).

Neo-Quenya: I would use the later word ᴺQ. tolpo as the Neo-Quenya word for “bowl”, since later ON. salpha from the 1930s was “broth” rather than “bowl” (Ety/SÁLAP).

tári-laisi

feminine name. Mistress of Life

Another name for Vána as the “Mistress of Life” in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/67), a combination of tári “queen” and laisi “(new) life”.

Conceptual Development: In a very early name list of the Valar, the name was first given as Koiretári (PE14/14) using koire for “life” instead.

-tya

suffix. causative

sa

pronoun. that (there)

tunq-

verb. to hear

táma

adjective. this

salpa

noun. bowl

-ine

suffix. noun suffix

-lis

suffix. noun suffix

-léni

suffix. long

-re

suffix. noun suffix

-rin

suffix. noun suffix

-víke

suffix. as

anwe

?. [unglossed]

aqa-

verb. to seize

arum

masculine name. Oromë

arwa

noun. field

attu

noun. father

aule

masculine name. Smith

ausi-

prefix. well

ematte

?. [unglossed]

en(we)

noun. name

er-

verb. to remain

eru

adverb. once

et(t)amíne

noun. today

fuiyáru

noun. deadly nightshade

hampa-

verb. to hop

har-

verb. to remain

ike

adjective. this

isqa

adjective. wise

ka

?. [unglossed]

kasse

preposition. above

kulmarin

noun. orange

kulu

noun. gold

lapatte

noun. rabbit

las

noun. [unglossed]

lava-

verb. to lick

lilt

noun. dance

lilt-

verb. to dance

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

limbe

noun. a number

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

lungo

adjective. heavy

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

mande

adverb. well

maske

noun. dusk

mále

noun. ability

nandin

noun. dryad

nauto

noun. [unglossed]

nawa-

verb. [unglossed]

nete-

verb. to get

nierme

?. [unglossed]

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

oa

noun. wool

orne

noun. tree

oron

noun. bush

orwa

adjective. lofty

otto-

verb. to knock

pelekko

noun. axe

petl

noun. hammer

piek

noun. pin

A word for “pin” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants piek and piet as well as a stem form piekk- (QL/73).

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

pondo

noun. gate

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

qi

adjective. this

qinda

adjective. this

saile

noun. [unglossed]

sauke

?. [unglossed]

sivilda

?. [unglossed]

sorin

noun. throne

sá

noun. fire

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

súme

?. [unglossed]

ten-

verb. to hear

tendl

noun. string

tildi-

verb. to cover

tirty-

verb. to partition, divide, part, distribute

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

toron

?. [unglossed]

tulpu-

verb. to uphold, support; to aid; to endure, tolerate; to bear (with); to prop

tultárie

adjective. [unglossed]

tump-

verb. to build; to beat

tur

noun. king

turinqi

noun. queen

tyalien

noun. sport, play; jest, mockery

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

táqa

noun. form, shape

tári

noun. queen, mistress, lady

tárie

noun. height

táva

adjective. *their; 3rd pl. neut. possessive emphatic

tína

adjective. straight

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

um-

verb. to be not, do not

unqu-

verb. to hear

uru

noun. fire

usult

?. [unglossed]

valma

adjective. powerful

vande

adverb. well

varni

noun. queen

velunte

noun. sail

yu

?. [unglossed]

yukainen

cardinal. twenty

yulu-

verb. to carry

yúyo

cardinal. two

-lin

suffix. noun suffix

-lénu

suffix. long

alle

?. [unglossed]

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

anda

adjective. long

ando

noun. door

andra

adjective. long

angwe

?. [unglossed]

atto

noun. father

atwen

cardinal. twenty

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

eant

?. [unglossed]

enken

adverb. then

erefainu

noun. release

erevainu

noun. release

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

histe

noun/adjective. dusk

intya

?. [unglossed]

iswa

adjective. wise

kaitoile

noun. rest

kie

noun. path

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

lunga

adjective. heavy

min-

verb. [unglossed]

ni

adjective. this

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

oara

adjective. of wool

orda

adjective. lofty

orme

noun. tree

palante

noun. plain

palume

noun. plain

pieksin

noun. brooch

piet

noun. pin

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

qinqe

noun. this

ralle

?. [unglossed]

ramba-

verb. to walk

salistina

adjective. blessed

saqa-

verb. [unglossed]

si

adjective. this

tea-

prefix. *their; 3rd pl. neut. possessive

tongar

noun. smith

tontilla

noun. cymbal

tump-

verb. to cover

turqin

noun. queen

turuksa

adjective. wooden

tyen

adverb. then

tál

noun. foot; bottom, lowest part

tále

noun. axe-blade

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

túrani

noun. queen

túranu

noun. king

túrea

adjective. mighty

uiven

cardinal. twenty

umpai

?. [unglossed]

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

valle

?. [unglossed]

vardar

noun. king

velu

noun. sail

vingwe

?. [unglossed]