Quenya 

arauco

noun. demon

rauca

demon

rauca ("k")noun "demon" (PE17:48). Variant of rauco, q.v.

rauca

noun. demon

Element in

malarauco

balrog, demon

malarauco noun "balrog, demon" (RUK - rather valarauco in Tolkien's later Quenya)

Valarauco

demon of might

Valarauco ("k") noun "Demon of Might" (here vala- assumes its basic meaning "power, might"), Sindarin balrog(WJ:415). Pl. Valaraucar (sic, not -or) "Balrogs", apparently containing rauca (q.v.) as an alternative form of rauco "demon" (SA:val-, SA:rauco). Earlier forms from the "Qenya Lexicon" are Valcaraucë, Malcaraucë (q.v.), apparently abandoned in LotR-style Quenya.

onna

creature

onna noun "creature" (ONO), "child" (PE17:170), also translated "child" in the plural compound Aulëonnar "Children of Aulë", a name of the Dwarves (PM:391), and apparently also used = "child" in the untranslated sentence nai amanya onnalya ter coivierya ("k") "be it that your child [will be] blessed thoughout his/her life" (VT49:41). The form onya (q.v.), used as a vocative "my child", is perhaps shortened from *onnanya.

orco

orc

orco ("k") noun "Orc", pl. orcor or orqui (WJ:390, ÓROK; pl. Orcor also in WJ:12, MR:74, 194). If the pl. form orqui is preferred, the word should be assigned the stem-form orcu-. Early "Qenya" has orc ("k") (orqu-) ("q") "monster, demon" (LT1:264; in LotR-style Quenya, no word can end in -rc.)

urco

orc

urco ("k"), stem *urcu- and pl. urqui, noun: an old word used in the lore of the Blessed Realm for anything that caused fear to the Elves during the March; by the Exiled Noldor the word was recognized as the cognate of Sindarin orch and used to mean "Orc". The Sindarin-influenced form orco was also used. (WJ:390)

rauco

powerful, hostile, and terrible creature

rauco ("k") noun "a powerful, hostile, and terrible creature", "very terrible creature", especially in the compound Valarauco noun "Demon of Might" _(WJ:415, VT39:10, cf. SA:raukor. In the Etymologies, stem RUK, the gloss is "demon".)_ Longer variant arauco. The plural form Valaraucar "Balrogs" seems to contain the variant rauca.

rauco

noun. demon, powerful hostile and terrible creature

Changes

  • raukorauka ✧ PE17/048

Cognates

  • S. raug “demon, powerful hostile and terrible creature” ✧ PE17/048; PE17/048; SA/rauko; WJ/415

Derivations

  • RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ PE17/048; VT39/10
  • grauk- “a powerful hostile and terrible creature” ✧ WJ/415
    • RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Element in

  • Q. Valarauko “Demon of Might” ✧ PE17/048; PE17/048; SA/rauko; WJ/415

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
RUK > rauka[rauka]✧ PE17/048
RUK > rauko[rauko]✧ VT39/10
grauk- > rauko[grauko] > [ɣrauko] > [rauko]✧ WJ/415
grauk- > arauko[grauko] > [ɣrauko] > [arauko]✧ WJ/415

Variations

  • rauka ✧ PE17/048; PE17/048
  • rauko ✧ PE17/048 (rauko); SA/rauko; VT39/10; WJ/415
  • arauko ✧ WJ/415
Quenya [PE17/048; SA/rauko; VT39/10; WJ/415] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arauco

powerful, hostile, and terrible creature; demon

arauco ("k")noun "a powerful, hostile, and terrible creature; demon" (variant of rauco). Tolkien's earlier "Qenya" has araucë "demon" (WJ:415, LT1:250)

Malcaraucë

balrog

Malcaraucë noun "balrog", also Valkaraucë _("k")_(LT1:250; in Tolkien's later Quenya Valarauco)

Valcaraucë

balrog

Valcaraucë ("k") noun "balrog", also Malcaraucë (LT1:250; in Tolkien's later Quenya valarauco)

úmaia

noun. demon, devil

Elements

WordGloss
Maia“(angelic) spirit, the Beautiful”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Sindarin 

balrog

demon

n. (mighty) demon. A word made in ancient S. for the spirits (of 'māyan' origin) corrupted to his service by Melkor in the days outside Arda, before the coming of the Elves and the assault uopon Utumno. Q. pl1. Valaraucar. In a draft, Tolkien presented the Balrogs as of "Valar or Maian origin" (PE17:48). >> raug

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:48] < BAL powerful, mighty + RUK. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

raug

demon

n. demon. Q. rauca. >> Balrog

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:48] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

balrog

noun. demon of power

bal- (stem “cruel” [Etym. ÑGWAL-]) + raug (“powerful and hostile creature, demon”)

Sindarin [Tolkiendil] Group: Tolkiendil Compound Sindarin Names. Published by

glamog

noun. an Orc, "a yelling one"

Sindarin [WJ/390] Group: SINDICT. Published by

glamhoth

noun. barbaric host of Orcs

Sindarin [Ety/358, Ety/364, Ety/377, UT/39, UT/54, WJ/390] glam+hoth "the dinhorde, the yelling horde". Group: SINDICT. Published by

orch

Orc

pl1. yrch, pl2. orchoth** ** n. Orc. Nand. ūriſ.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:47:52:54:127] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

graug

noun. demon, powerful hostile and terrible creature

raug

noun. demon, powerful hostile and terrible creature

Cognates

  • Q. rauco “demon, powerful hostile and terrible creature” ✧ PE17/048; PE17/048; SA/rauko; WJ/415

Derivations

  • RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ PE17/048
  • grauk- “a powerful hostile and terrible creature” ✧ WJ/415
    • RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Element in

  • S. Balrog “Demon of Might” ✧ PE17/048; PE17/048; SA/rauko; WJ/415

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
RUK > raug[rauko] > [rauk] > [raug]✧ PE17/048
grauk- > raug[grauko] > [grauk] > [graug]✧ WJ/415

Variations

  • graug ✧ WJ/415
Sindarin [PE17/048; SA/rauko; WJ/415] Group: Eldamo. Published by

graug

noun. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon

Sindarin [Ety/384, S/436, WJ/415, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

raug

noun. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon

Sindarin [Ety/384, S/436, WJ/415, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

orchoth

noun. the Orcs (as a race)

Sindarin [WJ/390] orch+hoth. Group: SINDICT. Published by

urug

noun. Orc (rarely used)

Sindarin [WJ/390] Group: SINDICT. Published by

urug

noun. "bogey", anything that caused fear to the Elves, any dubious shape or shadow, or prowling creature

Sindarin [WJ/390] Group: SINDICT. Published by

raug

demon

raug (-rog in compounds, as in Balrog), pl. roeg (idh roeg), coll. pl. #rogath (isolated from Balrogath, MR:79). Also used = ”powerful, hostile, and terrible creature”.

raug

demon

(-rog in compounds, as in Balrog), pl. roeg (idh roeg), coll. pl. #rogath (isolated from Balrogath, MR:79). Also used = ”powerful, hostile, and terrible creature”.

balrog

fire-demon

(i valrog), pl. balroeg (i malroeg). Coll. pl. balrogath is attested. Archaic form ✱balraug. (MR:79, WJ:415). The etymological meaning is rather ”power-demon”.

orch

orc

orch (pl. yrch**, archaic †yrchy, coll. pl. orchoth). (RGEO:66, Names:171, Letters:178, MR:195; WJ:390-91, VT46:7). Other terms: 1) urug (monster, bogey), pl. yryg, 2) glamog (i **lamog), pl. glemyg (in glemyg) (WJ:391), 3) ”

ûn

creature

ûn (pl. uin).

ûn

creature

(pl. uin).

graug

powerful, hostile and terrible creature

(i ’raug), pl. groeg (in groeg), coll. pl. grogath (WJ:415)

Nandorin 

urc

noun. Orc

pl. yrc. In the Etymologies, the primitive form of this word is given as órku (defined as "goblin"), derived from an undefined stem ÓROK (LR:379).

This stem may be understood as a vowel-prefixed variant of the stem ROK "horse", assuming that this originally referred to the steed of the monstrous "dark Rider upon his wild horse" that haunted the Elves by Cuiviénen, assuming that the stem ROK was originally associated with Melkor's creatures. However, Tolkien later derived the Elvish words for "Orc" from a stem RUKU having to do with fear (WJ:389) and listed tentative primitive forms: urku, uruku, urkô. Since primitive final -u is lost in Nandorin (cf. Utum from Utubnu), the forms urku and uruku would evidently be capable of yielding Green-elven urc (while urkô would rather come out as *urca; cf. golda "Noldo" from ñgolodô). The plural form yrc clearly shows umlaut caused by the lost Primitive Quendian plural ending ; cf. the umlaut caused by the primitive adjectival ending -i, primitive lugni "blue" yielding lygn.

Nandorin [H. Fauskanger (LR:379)] < ÓROK?. Published by

ūriʃ

noun. orcs

Nandorin [PE17/54] Published by

Primitive elvish

raukō

noun. demon

Derivations

  • RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Variations

  • rauku/raukō ✧ WJ/390
Primitive elvish [WJ/390] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

rhaug

noun. demon

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. rauko “demon” ✧ Ety/RUK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RUK “demon” ✧ Ety/GOS; Ety/RUK

Element in

  • N. Balrog “*Torment Demon” ✧ Ety/RUK
  • N. Gothrog “Dread Demon” ✧ Ety/GOS

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RUK > rhaug[rauko] > [rǭko] > [rouko] > [rauko] > [rauk] > [r̥auk] > [r̥aug]✧ Ety/RUK
Noldorin [Ety/GOS; Ety/RUK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glamhoth

noun. barbaric host of Orcs

Noldorin [Ety/358, Ety/364, Ety/377, UT/39, UT/54, WJ/390] glam+hoth "the dinhorde, the yelling horde". Group: SINDICT. Published by

ûn

noun. creature

Noldorin [Ety/379] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ûn

noun. creature

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “creature” derived from the root ᴹ√ONO “beget” (Ety/ONO), perhaps from a primitive form ✱ōno with ancient ō becoming ū.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. onna “creature” ✧ Ety/ONO

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NŌ/ONO “beget” ✧ Ety/ONO

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ONO > ûn[ōno] > [ūno] > [ūn]✧ Ety/ONO

Variations

  • ûn ✧ Ety/ONO

rhaug

noun. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon

Noldorin [Ety/384, S/436, WJ/415, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

rauko

noun. demon

Cognates

  • N. rhaug “demon” ✧ Ety/RUK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RUK “demon” ✧ Ety/RUK

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RUK > rauko[rauko]✧ Ety/RUK

onna

noun. creature

Cognates

  • N. ûn “creature” ✧ Ety/ONO

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NŌ/ONO “beget” ✧ Ety/ONO

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ONO > onna[onna]✧ Ety/ONO

malarauko

proper name. Balrog

Cognates

  • N. Balrog “*Torment Demon” ✧ Ety/RUK; LRI/Balrog

Variations

  • malarauko ✧ Ety/RUK
  • Malaroko- ✧ LR/404
  • Malaroko ✧ LRI/Malaroko
Qenya [Ety/RUK; LR/404; LRI/Balrog; LRI/Malaroko] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

ruk

root. demon

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. rauko “demon” ✧ Ety/RUK
  • N. rhaug “demon” ✧ Ety/GOS; Ety/RUK

Element in

Variations

  • RUK ✧ Ety/GOS; Ety/ÑGWAL; Ety/RUK
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GOS; Ety/ÑGWAL; Ety/RUK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

graug

noun. demon

Cognates

  • Eq. (a)rauke “demon, fiend” ✧ GL/42; LT1A/Balrog; PE13/099; QL/032

Derivations

Element in

  • G. Balrog “(Evil) Demon” ✧ GL/21; GL/42; LT1A/Balrog; QL/032

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶ʒǝroukē > grôg[ɣǝroukē] > [gǝroukē] > [groukē] > [grōkē] > [grōk] > [grōg]✧ QL/032

Variations

  • grôg ✧ QL/032
Gnomish [GL/21; GL/42; LT1A/Balrog; PE13/099; QL/032] Group: Eldamo. Published by

grôg

noun. demon

balrog

proper name. (Evil) Demon

Cognates

  • Eq. Malkarauke “Balrogs, fire-demons, balrogs, fire demon, Melko’s demons” ✧ GL/21; LT1A/Balrog; QL/032; PE13/099; QL/060
  • Eq. Valkarauke ✧ QL/101

Derivations

Elements

WordGloss
bal“anguish, pain; evilness”
graug“demon”

Variations

  • Balrog/Baldrog ✧ QL/032
Gnomish [GG/08; GL/21; GL/42; LT1A/Balrog; LT2A/Balcmeg; LT2I/Balrog; PE13/099; PE15/21; QL/032; QL/060; QL/101] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taura

adjective. powerful

Gnomish [GL/69; GL/72] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

graug

noun. demon

Element in

  • En. Balrog “*Evil Demon” ✧ PE13/138
Early Noldorin [PE13/138; PE13/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

rauke

noun. demon

(a)rauke

noun. demon, fiend

Cognates

  • G. graug “demon” ✧ GL/42; LT1A/Balrog; PE13/099; QL/032

Derivations

Element in

  • Eq. Malkarauke “Balrogs, fire-demons, balrogs, fire demon, Melko’s demons” ✧ LT1A/Balrog; QL/032; QL/060 (melkaraukir)
  • Eq. Valkarauke

Variations

  • arauke ✧ GL/42; QL/079
  • araukë ✧ LT1A/Balrog
  • rauki ✧ PME/079
  • ARAUKE ✧ QL/032
  • RAUKE ✧ QL/079
Early Quenya [GL/42; LT1A/Balrog; PE13/099; PE14/009; PME/079; QL/032; QL/060; QL/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ork

noun. ogre, monster, demon, giant

Cognates

  • G. orc “goblin” ✧ LT2A/Balcmeg; PE15/21; PE13/099; PE13/102

Element in

  • Eq. orqin(di) “ogress” ✧ PME/070; QL/070

Variations

  • Orc ✧ LT2I/Orqui
  • Ork ✧ QL/070
Early Quenya [LT1A/Orc; LT2/136; LT2A/Balcmeg; LT2I/Orqui; PE13/099; PE13/102; PE14/009; PE15/21; PME/070; QL/070] Group: Eldamo. Published by

valma

adjective. powerful

Derivations

  • ᴱ√WALA “fortune, happiness; *power”
Early Quenya [PE16/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

turwa

adjective. powerful

An adjective for “powerful” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TURU “am strong” (QL/96).

Neo-Quenya: Since √TUR remains connected to power in Tolkien’s later writings, I’d retain this word for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but I’d use it for general or abstract forms of potency, as opposed to being physically powerful (turca or [ᴹQ.] poldórea) or politically powerful (túrëa). For example: turwa nus “a powerful smell” or turwa vangwe “a powerful storm”.

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TURU “am strong” ✧ QL/095

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√TURU > turwa[turwā] > [turwa]✧ QL/095
Early Quenya [QL/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by