tur

root. dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power, dominate, master, conquer; power [over others], mastery (legitimate or illegitimate), control (of other wills); strong, mighty in power; [ᴹ√] victory; [ᴱ√] am strong

This root was connected to strength, victory and power for most of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as ᴱ√TURU “am strong” the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. túre “might, strength, power”, ᴱQ. túrin “kingdom”, and ᴱQ. turu- “can, to be able” (QL/95). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon it had derivatives like G. tûr “king” and G. turm “authority, rule; strength” (GL/72).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s it appeared as ᴹ√TUR “power, control, mastery, victory” with derivatives like ᴹQ. taura/N. taur “mighty”, ᴹQ. tur-/N. tortha- “wield, control”, and ᴹQ. túre/N. tûr “mastery, victory” (Ety/TUR). The root √TUR was mentioned regularly in Tolkien’s later writings with glosses like “dominate, master, conquer” (PE17/104), “power” (PE17/113), “strong, mighty (in power)” (PE17/115), and “power of domination or dominion, control of other wills, legitimate or illegitimate mastery” (PE22/151).

Derivatives

• ✶turū “Great Lord or King”
• Q. taura “(very) mighty, masterful; vast, of unmeasured might or size” ✧ PE17/115; VT39/10
• Q. -tur “master, lord, ruler, master, lord, ruler, [ᴹQ.] victor” ✧ SA/tur
• Q. tur- “to master, conquer, dominate, win, to master, conquer, dominate, win; [ᴹQ.] to control, govern, *rule; to wield; [ᴱQ.] can, to be able” ✧ PE17/115
• Q. túra “big, great, great, big” ✧ PE17/115
• Q. turco “chief”
• Q. túrë “*might, mastery, [ᴹQ.] mastery, victory; [ᴱQ.] might, strength, power” ✧ PE17/115
• Q. túrin “lord”
• ᴺQ. túrion “palace”
• ᴺQ. turmë “governing power, strength”
• Q. turu- “to master, defeat, have victory over, to defeat, have victory over, master” ✧ PE17/113
• ᴺQ. turwa “powerful [in a general sense]”
• Q. turya- “*to strengthen, [ᴹQ.] to strengthen”
• ᴺS. tor- “to win, have victory”
• ᴺS. trog “easy to handle; convenient, tractable, docile”
• S. tûr “master, [N.] mastery, victory, [ᴱN.] power [over others]; [S.] master”

Element in

• ✶artaurē “Realm”
• ✶tura-mbar “master of fate” ✧ PE17/104
• √TURUK “*strong”
• Q. turindo “purposeful mind, strong will”
• Q. turmen “realm”
• Q. Túrosto “Mickleburg, (lit.) Great Fortress”
• S. Turgon “Ruling Lord, Victory Prince, (lit.) Master Shout” ✧ SA/tur
• S. Túrin ✧ SA/tur

Variations

• tur- ✧ PE22/159
• tur ✧ SA/tur

¤kurwē

noun. power, ability

te

pronoun. they

Derivatives

• ✶-te-tē̆ “3rd pl reflexive” ✧ VT49/21
  • Q. -ttë “themselves” ✧ VT49/21
• Q. -ltë “they” ✧ VT49/50
• Q. -t “they (object suffix)”
• Q. te “them” ✧ VT49/50
• Q. -ttë “they (dual)” ✧ VT49/50
• ᴺS. tin “them”

Variations

• TE ✧ VT48/24; VT48/25
• t(e) ✧ VT49/17
• te/se ✧ VT49/50

árātō

noun. lord

Derivations

• √RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118

Derivatives

• Q. aráto “champion, eminent man, noble, lord, king” ✧ PE17/118

barathī

noun. queen

Derivations

• √BARATH “height combined with strength/size/majesty” ✧ PE17/022
  • √BAR “[ᴹ√] raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)”

Derivatives

• Q. Varsi ✧ PE17/023
• S. bereth “queen, spouse; supreme, sublime” ✧ PE17/023

Element in

• ✶elen-barathī “star-queen” ✧ MR/387; PE17/066

Variations

• barathi ✧ MR/387
• barathī(e) ✧ PE17/023
• mbarathī ✧ PE17/066