echant

verb. Im Narvi hain ~echant~ 'I Narvi ~made~ them'

v. pa.t. of echad- 'shaped out', shaped and made. Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'. edagant was originally a S. pa.t. form which was deleted (together with pa.t. edagad). >> echad-

cant

noun. shape, shape; [N.] outline

A word for “shape” appearing in its plural mutated form chaint in morchaint “dark-shapes” (VT42/9). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. cant had the gloss “outline” under the root ᴹ√KAT “shape” (Ety/KAT).

im narvi hain echant

I, Narvi, made them

cant

shape

(noun) cant (i gant, o chant) (outline), pl. caint (i **chaint). The mutated pl. -chaint is attested as part of the compound morchaint**; see SHADOW.

cant

shape

(i gant, o chant) (outline), pl. caint (i chaint). The mutated pl. -chaint is attested as part of the compound morchaint; see SHADOW.

echad

shape

(verb) echad- (i echad, in echedir) (fashion, make), pa.t. echant (VT45:19)

echad

shape

(i echad, in echedir) (fashion, make), pa.t. echant (VT45:19)

echad

make

(i echad, in echedir) (fashion, shape), pa.t. echant (VT45:19)

echad

fashion

(verb) echad- (i echad, in echedir) (make, shape), pa.t. echant (VT45:19)

echad

fashion

(i echad, in echedir) (make, shape), pa.t. echant (VT45:19)

echad-

verb. to form, make, shape, cut out; (lit.) to shape out, to form, make, shape, cut out, [N.] fashion; [S.] (lit.) to shape out

A verb appearing in its past form echant in the phrase im Narvi hain echant “I, Narvi, made them” (LotR/305). In notes on this phrase Tolkien said the literal meaning was “shaped-out”, and the verb stem was echad- derived from ✶et-kat- “out-shape, form” (PE17/42). In drafts of these notes the past form was glossed “cut out, shaped”. The Etymologies of the 1930s had the [Noldorin] infinitive form echedi “fashion, shape” derived from ᴹ✶et-kat under the root ᴹ√KAT “shape” (Ety/KAT; EtyAC/KAT).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume this verb means “make, fashion” particularly by altering the shape of something, such as by carving wood or molding clay. I further assume that this verb replaces the more basic primitive verb ✶kat- “shape” in Sindarin. However, it is possible that echad- is even more limited in meaning to “shape by taking things out”, and ✱cad- exists as a more general Sindarin verb for “to shape”.

auth

noun. a dim shape, spectral or vague apparition

fân

shape

_n._shape, with the added notion of light and whiteness. It was thus often used where we might use 'a vision' (of something beautiful and sublime). Q. fana-. Tolkien notes that "Yet being elvish, though it may be used of things remote, it has no implication either of uncertainty or unreality" (PE17:26). In the name Fanuilos of Elbereth, the Fân was the vision of majesty of Elbereth upon the mountain where she dwelt.

im

pronoun. I

In late writings (see esp. VT/47:37-38), Tolkien reinterpreted this form as a reflexive pronoun (= "self").

cad-

z2# verb. to shape; mold

Derived from the primitive root '√KAT' found in compound of 'etkat-': Out-Shape (later becoming Sindarin Echad: To Fashion). Cognate of Quenya Cat-.

car

make

(i gâr, i cherir), pa.t. agor (do, build) (WJ:415)

im

i

but as subject usually simply the ending -n, as in ónen ”

ni

pronoun. I

nin

i

”me”, genitive nín ”my”, dative anim or enni ”to me, for me”.

canta

shape

canta (2) _("k") noun"shape" (PE17:175), also used as adj._ "shaped", also as quasi-suffix -canta ("k") "-shaped" (KAT)

-n

suffix. I

-n(yë)

suffix. I

cat-

verb. shape

shape, fashion

finta-

verb. to make, finish off, or decorate a thing with delicate work

finta- (1) vb. "to make, finish off, or decorate a thing with delicate work" (PE17:17)

inyë

i, too

inyë emphatic independent 1st person sg. pronoun, "I" with emphasis, translated "I, too" in LR:61 (and, according to one reading of Tolkiens manuscript, in VT49:49).

venië

shape, cut

venië noun? "shape, cut" (LT1:254)

venwë

shape, cut

venwë noun? "shape, cut" (LT1:254)

im narvi hain echant

I Narvi made them

echad-

verb. to fashion, shape; make

im

pronoun. I

echad-

verb. to fashion, make

kat

root. shape, shape, [ᴹ√] make

The root ᴹ√KAT “shape” first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives ᴹQ. kanta- “to shape”, ᴹQ. kanta “shaped”, and N. echad- “fashion, shape” (Ety/KAT). All these derivatives reappeared in Tolkien’s later writings, though Q. canta was more typically used as the noun “shape” (PE17/175; PE18/84, 90). The root appeared frequently in both the first and second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa as an example of a biconsonantal root (TQ1: PE18/34, 46, 62; TQ2: PE18/84-85, 87, 89-90, 95).