Primitive elvish
galmā
noun. flower
Derivations
Derivatives
- Q. alma “flower” ✧ PE17/153
galab
root. flower
Derivations
- √GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ PE17/153
Derivatives
Variations
GAL-AB✧ PE17/153 (GAL-AB)
lotho/a
noun. flower
Derivations
- √LOT(H) “flower” ✧ PE17/026
Derivatives
- S. loth “flower, single blossom; inflorescence, head of small flowers” ✧ PE17/026
lotse
noun. flower
Derivations
- √LOT(H) “flower” ✧ VT42/18
Derivatives
lot(h)
root. flower
Derivatives
- ✶loth “inflorescence” ✧ PE17/160
- ✶lotho/a “flower” ✧ PE17/026
- S. loth “flower, single blossom; inflorescence, head of small flowers” ✧ PE17/026
- ✶lotse “flower” ✧ VT42/18
- ✶lotta- “bloom” ✧ VT42/18
- Q. lótë “flower, single blossom, flower, single blossom; [ᴱQ.] bloom” ✧ PE17/026; PE17/160; VT42/18
- Q. lotsë “small (single) flower” ✧ PE17/160
- Q. lós “inflorescence, mass of flowers” ✧ PE17/026
- ᴺS. losta- “to bloom, blossom”
- S. loth “flower, single blossom; inflorescence, head of small flowers” ✧ PE17/160
Element in
- ✶ñwa-lōth “inflorescence, mass of flowers (on one plant)” ✧ PE17/160
Variations
- LOTH ✧ PE17/026; PE17/160; PE17/160; PE17/161
- LOT ✧ PE17/026; PE17/160; PE17/160; PE17/161; VT42/18
This root and ones like it were connected to flowers for all of Tolkien’s life. The earliest manifestation of this root was ᴱ√LOHO or ᴱ√LO’O from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s; the entry for ᴱ√LOHO appears immediately below ᴱ√LO’O, and Tolkien indicates they are related roots, both extended from ᴱ√OLO “tip” (QL/55). These roots include derivatives like ᴱQ. lōte “flower”, ᴱQ. lotōrea “flourishing” and ᴱQ. lokta- “sprout, bud, put forth leaves or flowers”. There are also derivatives of these roots in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon: G. lost “blossom, bloom”, G. lothli “floret”, G. luitha- “to bloom” (GL/54-55), though G. lôs “flower” was said to be unrelated, connected to G. lass “leaf” instead (GL/55). ᴱQ. losse “rose” probably had a similar derivation (QL/56).
This confusion of √LOT(H) and √LOS carried forward into Tolkien’s later writings. In The Etymologies of the 1930s ᴹ√LOT(H) was given as the root for “flower” (Ety/LOT(H)), but this entry originally included a variant ᴹ√LOS (EtyAC/LOT(H)). Tolkien then said ᴹQ. losse “blossom” (< ᴹ√LOT(H)) was “usually, owing to association with olosse snow, only used of white blossom” (Ety/LOT(H)), where ᴹQ. olosse was derived from ᴹ√GOLOS “✱snow, white” (Ety/GOLÓS). This intermingling carried forward into etymological notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s, where Tolkien said (PE17/26):
> The stems √LŎS, √LOTH, √LOT are much entangled both for formal reasons, and because of actual associations of meaning (probably from beginning of Primitive Quendian and explaining the approach of the forms). Quenya word for “flower, a single bloom” is lóte, but S loth (< lotho/a), but Quenya also has lōs. Q. for snow is losse (S los).
These associations were also mentioned in etymological notes on roots for flowers from this same period, where Tolkien clarified that √LOT, √LOTH were the roots for “flower” and √LOS for “snow” (PE17/160-161). These roots were mentioned again in notes associated with The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from the late 1960s (VT42/18):
> S. loss is a derivative of (G)LOS “white”; but loth is from LOT. Sindarin used loss as a noun, but the strengthened form gloss as an adjective “(dazzling) white”. loth was the only derivative of LOT that it retained, probably because other forms of the stem assumed a phonetic shape that seemed inappropriate, or were confusible with other stems (such as LUT “float”), e.g. ✱lod, ✱lûd. loth is from a diminutive lotse and probably also from derivative lotta-.
In this last note, Tolkien seems to have abandoned √LOTH, explaining S. loth “flower” as derived from √LOT via ✱lotse. In any case, starting in the 1930s Tolkien was consistent that the roots for “flower” and “snow” were distinct but often confused, and that snow-words were derived from roots like √(G)LOS and flower words from roots like √LOT(H), though he waffled a bit on the exact details.