The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg
Sindarin
loth
noun. flower, single blossom; inflorescence, head of small flowers
loth
noun. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers
loth
noun. a flower
a flower (of defined shape). Q. lóte. >> Lothlórien, Lothlúrien, Lothlýrian
loth
noun. flower
_n._flower, a single bloom. Q. lóte, lōs.
lothlórien
place name. Dreamflower, (lit.) Lórien of the Blossom
The full name of Lórien, loosely translated by Treebeard as “Dreamflower” (LotR/467), more accurately “Lórien of the Blossom” (RC/300). This name is a combination of loth “flower” with its shorter name Lórien (SA/loth, PE17/48). The translation “Dreamflower” alluded to the Quenya name that inspired it: Q. Lórien “✱Dream Lands” (PE17/48).
Conceptual Development: This name was already N. Lothlórien when it first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/218). In his Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien indicated that the pure Sindarin form of the name would have been Lothlewerian(d), plural Lothlewerien(d), if it were derived from the sense “gold” as its Nandorin name Lórinand and it would have been Lothlýrian, plural Lothlúrien, if it were derived from the sense “dream” as the Quenya name Lórien (PE17/48).
lotheg
noun. (single) flower
si loth a galadh lasto dîn
*here flower and tree listen [in] silence
The third phrase of Lúthien’s Song (LB/354). Three translations of this phrase are:
Patrick Wynne: “✱Here/now let flower and tree listen in silence/below” (NTTLS/11)
David Salo: “✱now flower and tree, listen silent” (GS/211)
Bertrand Bellet and Benjamin Babut: “✱then flower and tree, listen in silence” (GTLC)
The first word si resembles the Sindarin word sí “here”, though that word usually appears with a long vowel. All of Wynne, Salo, Bellet and Babut suggested instead that it might in this particular case be used temporally like its Quenya cognate Q. sí “now”. However, in notes published after all of their analyses, Tolkien stated that S. sí only meant “here”, and used hí for “now” (PE17/27). I think it is safer to assume that si means “here”.
The second word is loth “flower” joined by the conjunction a “and” to galadh “tree”. The fifth word lasto is the imperative form of the verb lasta- “to listen”. The last word is probably the noun dîn “silence”, though Wynne suggested it might be some form of di “beneath” (NTTLS/9).
edlothia-
verb. to blossom, flower
The sentence from WR/293 is hardly legible and is not translated, but this word is however a plausible form
elloth
noun. (single) flower
goloth
noun. inflorescence, a head of small flowers
loth
flower
loth, pl. lyth (but loth is also glossed ”blossom” and may itself function as a collective term: all the flowers of a plant. For individual flowers cf. the following:)
loth
flower
pl. lyth (but loth is also glossed ”blossom” and may itself function as a collective term: all the flowers of a plant. For individual flowers cf. the following:)
loth
blossom
loth (see
loth
blossom
(see
lotheg
single flower
lothod (”singulars” derived from the more collective term loth; it is unclear whether lotheg, lothod can themselves have ”plural” forms. If so it would be lethig, lethyd, for archaic löthig, löthyd.) (VT42:18, VT45:29) Another word for a single flower is elloth (pl. ellyth) (VT42:18). An alternative to loth is loss (construct los; pl. lyss), but the form loth seems to be more common (and loss also means ”fallen snow” and ”wilderness”).
Loth i-Lonnath
noun. Flower of the Havens
lossoth
snow-men
(a coll. pl.)
edlothia
flower
(verb) #edlothia- (i edlothia, in edlothiar) (to blossom);
edlothia
flower
(i edlothia, in edlothiar) (to blossom);
edlothia
blossom
(verb) #edlothia- (i edlothia, in edlothiar) (flower);
edlothia
blossom
(i edlothia, in edlothiar) (flower);
edlothiad
flowering
(blossoming), pl. edlothiaid if there is a pl.**
edlothiad
blossoming
(flowering), pl. edlothiaid if there is a pl.
goloth
flower
(i ’oloth) (collection of flowers), pl. gelyth (i ngelyth = i ñelyth). Archaic pl. gölyth. Also in the form gwaloth (i ’waloth), pl. gwelyth (in gwelyth). Also goloth.
gwaloth
collection of flowers
(i ’waloth) (blossom), pl. gwelyth (in gwelyth). Also goloth (i ’oloth) (blossom), pl. gelyth (i ngelyth = i ñelyth). Archaic pl. gölyth. (VT42:18). Specific flowers, see
loss
snow
(construct los; pl. lyss if there is a pl.) (RGEO:61-62, Letters:278, VT42:18) (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”wilderness”.).
loss
fallen snow
(construct los; pl. lyss if there is a pl.) (RGEO:61-62, Letters:278, VT42:18) (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”wilderness”.)
loss
wilderness
(construct los; pl. lyss). (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”fallen snow”.)
rhovannor
wilderness
1) rhovannor (?i throvannor or ?i rovannor the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhovennyr (?idh rovennyr) (VT46:10); 2) Eriador (a region in Middle-earth), pl. eriadyr if there is a pl.; 3) gwaith (i **waith) (also meaning manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, region), no distinct pl. form except when marked as pl. by article (in gwaith). 4) loss (construct los; pl. lyss). (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth**] and ”fallen snow”.)
alf
noun. flower
elanor
noun. a flower, a kind of enlarged pimpernel bearing golden and silver flowers
glawar
blossom
n. (golden) blossom. Q. loar, lávar.
los
noun. snow
loss
noun. snow
The usual Sindarin word for “snow” (Let/278; PE17/161; RGEO/62), especially fallen and long-lying snow (VT42/18), derived from primitive ✶lossē (PE17/161) based on the root √(G)LOS (PE17/26; RGEO/62). It sometimes appeared in a shorter form los (PE17/26, 161). See the entry on [s] for a discussion of these long vs. short variations; for purposes of Neo-Sindarin loss is probably preferable.
Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest iteration of this word was G. glui “snow” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, likely related to nearby words like G. gloss “white” (GL/40). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. gloss from the root ᴹ√GOLOS was both noun “snow” and adjective “snow-white” (Ety/GOLÓS), but in later writing Tolkien split these into S loss “snow” (see above) and S. gloss “(dazzling) white” (RGEO/62; VT42/18).
lúth
noun. blossom
_ n. Bot. _blossom, inflorescence. >> Lúthien
mallos
noun. a golden flower
ninglor
noun. golden water-flower, gladden
niphredil
noun. a pale winter flower, snowdrop
rhovan
noun. wilderness
dannen
fallen
dannen (lenited dhannen, pl. dennin); see FALL. Notice the homophone dannen ”ebb, low tide”, which however has different mutations.
dannen
fallen
(lenited dhannen, pl. dennin); see
dannen
fall
”ebb, low tide”, which however has different mutations.
eriador
wilderness
(a region in Middle-earth), pl. eriadyr if there is a pl.
gloss
white as snow, dazzling white
(in compounds -los), lenited ’loss; pl. glyss.
gwaith
wilderness
(i ’waith) (also meaning manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, region), no distinct pl. form except when marked as pl. by article (in gwaith).
lossen
snowy
(pl. lessin, for archaic lössin). Adj.
nínim
snowdrop
(”white tear”), no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nínimmath. – The niphredil seems to be a flower similar to the snowdrop (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. niphrediliath)
rhovannor
wilderness
(?i throvannor or ?i rovannor – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhovennyr (?idh rovennyr) (VT46:10)
The best known Sindarin word for “flower”, usable individually or collectively. It behaves somewhat like the English word “sheep” that is its own plural, since loth can likewise refer to a single flower or a group of flowers. It occasionally takes the form -los in compounds like Edhellos “Elven-flower” (PM/346) and mallos [< ✱malthoth] “golden flower” (PE17/100), probably due to the dissimilation of dental spirants with final -th becoming -s due to a preceding dh or th.
Conceptual Development: The earliest iteration of this word was G. lôs “flower” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, which Tolkien said was related to G. lass “leaf, petal” (GL/52, 55). This word also appeared in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/28). In drafts to the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s, Tolkien had ᴱN. loth “flower”, also translated “lily” in the name ᴱN. Loth-a-ladwen “Lily of the Plain” (LB/149).
In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had N. lhoth “flower(s)” under the root ᴹ√LOT(H) (Ety/LOT(H); EtyAC/LOT(H)). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road the gloss was “flower” (LR/370). Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne indicated the actual gloss was “flower(s)” in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies so that lhoth could be use singly or collectively, and it was followed by a specifically singular form N. lhothod (VT45/29).
In Tolkien’s later writings it became S. loth and was mostly glossed “flower” (PE17/26, 48, 161) but the notion that it could be used collectively appeared in some notes from the late 1960s where Tolkien said:
> ... loth, meaning “inflorescence, a head of small flowers”. Loth is actually most often used collectively in Sindarin, equivalent to goloth; and a single flower denoted by elloth (er-loth) or lotheg (VT42/18).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I assume loth can be used individually or collectively and thus functions as its own plural, though in compounds it is generally singular. If necessary, a collection of flowers may be designated goloth, and an individual flower by elloth or lotheg.